notes: succession pp. 405-410. earth’s layers geosphere earth’s rock interior that extends from...
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NOTES: SUCCESSION
PP. 405-410
EARTH’S LAYERS
Geosphere• Earth’s rock interior that extends from
the core to the crustHydrosphere
• Portion of earth that is water
EARTH’S LAYERS
Atmosphere• Mixture of gases that surrounds
earth• 78% N2, 21% O2, 1% other gases (H2O , & CO2)
EARTH’S LAYERS
Atmosphere• Ozone: absorbs most of the
sun’s UV light.
EARTH’S LAYERS
Biosphere• Portion of earth that contains
life• ~ 9 km above surface and
~11km below surface
DISTURBANCE
Events that change communities, remove or destroy organisms
DISTURBANCE
Events that change communities, remove or destroy organisms
•Abiotic examples: droughts, fires, floods etc.
DISTURBANCEEvents that change communities, remove or destroy organisms
• Abiotic Examples: droughts, fires, floods etc. • Biotic Examples: elephants tearing up trees, prairie dogs moving soil for burrows etc.
• Human examples: bulldozing, paving etc.
STABILITY
Ability to withstand a disturbance and maintain constant conditions
STABILITY
Ability to withstand a disturbance and maintain constant conditions
Pattern seen:
↑species richness and ↑ evenness leads to ↑ stability
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
Sequential and gradual growth of a community
1. Primary succession occurs when community is first formed (expanding a community)
• Microbes, lichens and mosses must create soil before other plants can grow.
• Pioneer species: first species to dominate early in succession (small and fast growing)
• Climax Community: marked by the domination of long-lived species and great diversity
2. Secondary succession: occurs when succession must start over after the destruction of a climax community
2. Secondary succession: occurs when succession must start over after the disturbance of a climax community
• Takes place on sites that have already supported life
WHICH IS PRIMARY AND WHICH IS SECONDARY?
DAY BEFORE ERUPTION
1980 ERUPTION
TODAY
http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/asset/nat08_vid_travcom/
CREATE A DOUBLE BUBBLE FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SUCCESSION
Place the following terms in bubbles•Takes ~100 years•Takes over 100+ years•Creates an ecosystem•Makes a new ecosystem•Makes a pre-existing ecosystem•Pioneer species•Disturbance occurred•Ecosystem expanding •Makes soil•Soil already present