Notes

1 Religions Experience

1. Hebrews 11: 1 2. E.O. James, Historia Religionum: Handbook for the "Study of Religions,

vol. 1, ed. c.J. Bleeker and G. Widengren (Leiden, 1969), cited by D. Hay, Exploring Inner Space (London, 1987), p. 14.

3. D. Maringer, The Gods of Prehistoric Man (London, 1960), cited by Hay, Exploring Inner Space, p. 14.

4. c.y. Glock and R. Stark, Religion and Society in Tension, (Chicago, 1985), Ch. 8.

5. Quoted by Hay, Exploring Inner Space, p. 121. 6. Hay, Exploring Inner Space, pp. 123-34. 7. M. Laski, Ecstasy (London, 1961). 8. S. Rose, The Conscious Brain (London, 1976), p. 335. 9. I have followed closely here the reasoning of R. Swinburne, The

Experience of God (Oxford, 1974), pp. 264ft. 10. J. Hick, An Interpretation of Religion (London, 1989), pp. 214ft. 11. W. James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (New York, 1928), p.

423. 12. Ibid., p. 515. 13. W.R. Inge, Mysticism in Religion (London, n.d.), p. 27. 14. J. Bowker, The Sense of God (Oxford, 1973), p. 18lf.

2 Love and Marriage

1. Marriage, Divorce and the Church: The Report of the Commission on the Christian Doctrine of Marriage (London, 1971), p. 17; cf. also Marriage and the Church's Task (London, 1978), pp. 32ft.

2. Marriage, Divorce and the Church, p. 19. 3. Ibid. 4. Ibid., p. 20 5. Sonnet 116. 6. Gaudium et Spes, ch. 49. 7. For the analogies of grace, faith and creation, cf. 'Marriage as Illustrat­

ing Certain Christian Doctrines' by H. Oppenheimer, Marriage, Di­vorce and the Church, pp. 126-30.

8. E. Underhill, Mysticism (London, 1911), p. 512. 9. J. Leuba, The Psychology of Religious Mysticism (London, 1929). This

view has been revived in the video 'Visions of Ecstacy' banned in 1989 by the British Board of Film Classification.

10. Underhill, Mysticism, p. 163. 11. Hay, Exploring Inner Space, p. 21. 12. L. Feuerbach, The Essence of Christianity (London, 1909), p. 73.

142

Notes 143

13. For Freud's views on religion, cf. Hay, Exploring Inner Space, pp. 23ff. 14. Hay, Exploring Inner Space, p. 26. 15. S. Freud, Standard Edition, vol. 18 (London, 1955), p. 142. 16. J. Dominian and H. Montefiore, God, Sex and Love (London, 1989), p.

50.

3 Technological Society

1. Luke 12: 15 2. Mark 8:35 3. Luke 12:20 4. Luke 7:34 5. Luke 6:2lff. 6. Matthew 25:40 7. 2 Cor. 6:10 8. 1 Cor. 1:27 9. 1 Tim. 6:8

10. Gen. 1:27 11. Gal. 3:28 12. D. Pearce, A. Markandya, E. Barbier, Blueprint for a Green Economy

(London, 1989).

4 The Environment

1. For a more detailed discussion, cf. R. Attfield, The Ethics of Environ­mental Concern (Oxford, 1983) pp. 88-110; but my conclusions do not agree with those of Attfield in every particular.

2. For a sensible contemporary discussion of this difficult problem, cf. 'Breaking Up Is Hard To Do' by c.P. Shea, World Watch, vol. 2, no. 4 (July/August 1989) pp. 10-16.

3. Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution: Sixth Report. Nuclear Power and the Environment, London, 1976, p. 81.

4. J. Lovelock, Gaia (Oxford, 1979), pp. 114ff. 5. The fact that the 1980s were the hottest decade on record is generally

believed that to be due to the ever increasing release into the atmosphere on 'greenhouse gases'. It is received wisdom that average temperature of the planet has increased by O.5°C and O. 7°C since the turn of the century. This accords with our understanding about the way in which the 'green­house gases' heat up the earth. These measurements of temperature were, however, made on land whereas two-thirds of the planet is covered by sea. Some authorities believe that the oceans tell a different story, with measurements of temperature taken far from urban centres. There is, however, a probable explanation of this discrepancy. Prior to 1940 sea water was scooped up from the oceans for temperature measurement in canvas buckets, which would have been affected by the changing temper­ature of the elements as they were hauled on deck: this would adequately account for the difference.

144 Notes

6. Cf. Attfield, The Ethics of Environmenta/ Coneern, pp. 140-65. 7. Job 38:26ff.; 39:13-18. 8. Job 38:35. 9. Job 9:5.

10. Psalm 105. 11. Proverbs 12:10. 12. 'Farming's Organie Future' by J. Reganold in New Scientist (10 June

1989), pp. 49ff. 13. Deut. 15. 14. Deut. 8. 15. See my Christianity and Polities (Lada, 1989) pp. 52-64. 16. cf. Man and Nature, ed. H. Montefiore (London, 1975), pp. 77ff. 17. A. Brennan (Thinking About Nature, London 1988, pp. 197ff.) attempts

a system of humanistie ethies whieh gives intrinsie (and not merely instrumental) value to living beings other than mankind; but his reason­ing depends on a humanist's assessment of where true human fulfilment lies.

18. E.g. 'The Historical Roots of our Eeologieal Crisis' by Lynn White, Seience, vol. 155 (10 March 1967) pp. 1203-7.

19. J. Passmore, Man's Responsibility for Nature (London, 1974), p. 184. 20. H. Montefiore, The Question Mark (London, 1969), p. 73.

5 Freedom

1. Thucydides, Pe/oponnesian War, vol. 2, eh. 40. 2. Cf. G. Guiterrez, A The%gy of Liberation (London, 1974), pp. 155-9. 3. Aristotle, Po/ities, 1,2, pp. 1254a, 14. 4. Herodotus, 5:48. 5. Plato, Laws, 3, 693b. 6. Aristotle, Po/ities, 3, 2, pp. 1278a, 28ff. 7. Plato, Laws, 832d. 8. Aristotle, Polities, 6,1, pp. 1317b, 2ff. 9. Pericles, for example, ends the Funeral Oration with these words: 'If I

must also speak a word to those who are now in widowhood on the powers and duties of women, I will cast all my adviee in one brief sentence. Great will be your glory if you do not lower the nature that is within you - hers is greatest of all whose praise and blame is least bruited on the lips of men' (Thucydides, Pe/. War, vol. 2, eh. 45.

10. M. Cranston, Freedom: A New Ana/ysis (London, 1953) p. 16. 11. J. Milton, Sonnet No 12. 12. Cf. 'The Limits of Theological Freedom' by J.L. Houlden, The%gy,

vol. 92, no. 748 (July 1989), p. 269. 13. Quoted by Cranston, Freedom, p. 12. 14. Cf. W.H. Thorpe, Purpose in the World ofChanee (Oxford, 1978), p. 94. 15. J. Milton, Paradise Lost, 1, 555ff. 16. Epietetus, Dissertions, 6,1,1. 17. Luke 4:18. 18. Romans 7: 15-17. 19. Romans 7: 22-25.

Notes 145

20. John 8:32. 21. John 8:36. 22. Ga!. 5:l. 23. Gal. 5:13. 24. I Peter 2: 16. 25. 2 Cor. 3:17. 26. James 1:25. 27. Cf. A. Deissmann, Light from the Ancient East (London, 1910), pp.

324ff.

6 The Evolution of Life

1. E.g. A. Hayward, Creation and Evolution (London, 1985). 2. W. Paley, Natural Theology, or Evidenees ofthe Existenee and Attributes

of Deity Colleeted from the Appearanees of Nature, (London, 1802). 3. This distinction is taken from J.D. Barrow and F.J. Tipier, The Anthro-

pie Cosmologieal Principle (Oxford, 1986), p. 29. 4. F.R. Tennant, Philosophieal Theology (Cambridge, 1930), vol. 2, p. 105. 5. F.R. Tennant, Philosophieal Theology, p. 104. 6. P. W. Atkins, The Creation (London, 1981), pp. 105ft. 7. Scientists seem divided on the subject of quantum gravity. Some, like

Stephen Hawking (A Short History of Time (London, 1988), pp. 133ft.) hold that, although a theory which satisfactorily combines general re­lativity with quantum mechanics has not yet been formulated, its shape is already known, and success will shortly be achieved, perhaps with the help of 'superstring theory' and non-commutative geography. Others, noting that a theory of quantum gravity would be too complex for exact prediction and requires the use of 'imaginary time', regard any such theory as merely speculative and theoretical. Others, in view of the problems involved and the difficulties think that questions about quan­tum gravity may be wrongly formulated, and that (unlike Newtonian physics or electro-magnetism plus the weak interaction) general relativity cannot be combined with quantum physics.

8. Cf. S. Weinberg, The First Three Minutes of the Universe (London, 1977).

9. Cf. Barrow and Tipier, The Anthropie Cosmologieal Principle, p. 16. 10. Cf. P. Davies, God and the New Physies (London, 1983), pp. 178ft. 11. 'Probability, Statistics and Theology' by D.J. Bartholomew in Journal of

the Royal Statistieal Soeiety, Series A: Statisties in Society, vol. 151 (1980) p. 140, notes that in private correspondence Penrose corrected this estimate to (1010)12°.

12. Cf. Barrow and Tipier, The Anthropie Cosmologieal Principle, p. 16. They provide a lengthy discussion of the anthropic principle in pp. 219-76. For a more succinct exposition, cf. P. Davies, The Aeeidental Universe (Cambridge, 1982), pp. 60-109.

13. L.J. Henderson, The Order of Nature (Cambridge, Mass., 1917), p. 192. 14. Ibid., p. 191. 15. Lovelock, Gaia. See also his The Ages of Gaia (Oxford, 1988). 16. F. Crick, Life [tself (London, 1981) p. 88.

146 Notes

17. J. Hick, An Interpretation of Religion (London, 1989), p. 88. 18. E. Jantsch, The Self-Organizing Universe (Oxford, 1980), p. 308. 19. Here I must contest the suggestion of John Maddox, the Editor of

Nature, who in a review of my book The Probability of God (London, 1985) accused me of putting forward a heretical doctrine of God ('Heresy of Immanence' by John Maddox, Nature, (vol. 315 (20 May 1985) p. 353). In fact panentheism, which combines both transcendence and immanence, may be formulated in terms of orthodox Christian doctrine.

20. C. Raven, Experience and Interpretation (Cambridge, 1953), p. 144.

7 Origin of Species

1. H. Montefiore, The Probability of God (London, 1988). 2. C. Darwin, The Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection or the

Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (London, 1885, 6th edn), p. 480.

3. S. L(1)vtrup, Darwinism (London, 1987), p. 416. 4. R. Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker (London, 1986), p. 317. 5. 'Probability, Statistics and Theology' by D.J. Bartholomew, p. 147. 6. 'The Origins of Mutants' by J. Cairns, J. Overbaugh, S. Miller, Nature (8

September 1988) p. 145. 7. Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker, p. 38. 8. Dawkins seems to misunderstand my difficulty about polar bears. Of

course it is advantageous to have a white coat of fur where all the environment is white. But polar bears did not always exist in Arctic regions. How did they get there? Are we to suppose that dark furred bears strayed into Arctic regions and managed to survive there long enough for a dominant strain of white mutants to evolve and to take their place?

9. I am encouraged to find that Brian Inglis shares my difficulties over the evolution of termites' behaviour in his Trance (London, 1989), p. 156.

10. Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker, p. 287. 11. 'Retrospect of the Criticisms of the Theory of Natural Selection' by R.A.

Fisher, Evolution as a Process, ed. J. Huxley, A.C. Hardy, E.P. Ford (London, 1958), p. 94.

12. L(1)vtrup, Darwinism, p. 385-7. 13. St G. Mivart, On the Genesis of Species (London, 1871), p. 275. 14. Ibid. 15. C. Sherrington, Man on his Nature (Cambridge, 1940), p. 111. 16. J.c. Smuts, Evolution and Holism (London, 1936), p. 18. 17. P.C.W. Davies, The Cosmic Blueprint (London, 1987), p. 148, cites

W.L. Elasser, Atom and Organism (Princeton, 1966) p. 45 and E.P. Wigner, The Logic of Personal Knowledge (London, 1974), p. 231.

18. P.C.W. Davies cites 'Some remarkson the Notion ofOrder' by D. Bohm in Towards a Theoretical Biology, ed. C.H. Waddington (Edinburgh, 1969), vol 2, p. 18.

19. A. Peacocke, An Introduction to the Physical Chemistry of Biological Organisation (Oxford, 1983), p. 278.

20. Montefiore, The Probability 0/ God, p. 161. 21. R. Passingham in New Scientist (4 November 1982) p. 288.

Notes 147

22. Sperry wrote: 'Consciousness does do things and is highly functional as an important component of the causal sequence in high level Q!actions' (cited by Thorpe, Pur pose in a World ofChance, p. 94). R. CotteriIl, No Ghost in the Machine (London, 1989) strongly disputes this.

23. Jantsch, The Self-Organizing Universe, p. 162. 24. Cf. 'Neanderthals weren't so dumb after aIl' by S. Bunney, New Scientist

(I July 1989) p. 43. 25. D. Morris, The Naked Ape (London, 1967), p. 80. 26. Ibid., p. 67. 27. Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker, p. 316.

8 The Premature Demise of the Soul

1. Paul and Linda Badham, Immortality or Extinction? (London, 1982), p.27.

2. Matthew 10:28. 3. 1 Thess. 5:23. 4. E.g. Gal. 5:17 5. 1 Cor. 15:50. 6. 1 Cor. 2:11. 7. 1 Cor. 2:10. 8. 2 Cor. 5:3 9. Rom. 8:16.

10. 1 Cor. 15:38. 11. J.A.T. Robinson, In The End God (London, 1950), p. 84. 12. J.F. Bethune Baker, The Early History of Christian Doctrine (London,

1938 edn), p. 304. 13. Josephus, for example, reported that Pharisees believed that the soul

would pass into 'another body' (Jewish War, 2.8.14), but according to Shabbat 152b souls will be joined to their physical bodies. According to the Wisdom of Solomon 3: 1, the souls of the righteous are in the hand of God.

14. L. Jacobs, The Principles of the Jewish Faith (London, 1964), p. 399. 15. AI-Ghazali, The Mysteries of the Human Soul, 2, init. (Delhi, 1985), p.

20. 16. AI-Ghazali, The Mysteries of the Human Soul, p. 23. 17. Cf. The Soul's Journey After Death, An abridgement of Ibn Al-Qayyim's

Kitabar-ruh, ed. L. Mabrook (London, 1947). 18. 1 am indebted for these descriptions of Hindu and Buddhist concepts of

the soul to J. Hick, Death and Eternal Life (London, 1976) pp. 311-55. 19. CatuIlus, Carmen 5.6. 20. G. Ryle, The Concept of Mind (London, 1949), pp. 15ff. 21. B. RusseIl, Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays (London, 1918),

pp. 47ff. 22. J. Monod, Necessity and Chance (London, 1970), p. 160. 23. Ibid., p. 50. 24. 'Purposeless People' by P.W. Atkins in Persons and Personality, ed. A

Peacocke and G. Gillet (Oxford, 1987), p. 23. 25. K. Lorenz, On Aggression (London, 1946). 26. R. Ardrey, African Genesis (London, 1961).

148 Notes

27. Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker, p. 316. 28. Morris, The Naked Ape (London, 1967). 29. J. Lewis and B. Towers, Naked Ape or Homo Sapiens? (London, 1969),

p.35. 30. J.G. Frazer, The Golden Bough (London, 1936), voJ. XI, p. 305. 31. There have, of course, been so me striking exceptions to this general

tendency, e.g. the writings of Mary Douglas. Cf. also P. Heelas and A. Locke (eds) Indigenous Psychologies, (London, 1981); M.Carrithers, S. Collins and S. Lukes (eds) The Category of the Person: Anthropology, Philosophy and History (Cambridge, 1985).

32. C. Blakemore, The Mind Machine (London, 1988) p. 272. R. Cotterill (No Ghost in the Machine, p. 276) holds that freedom of the will is a mirage.

33. E.O. Wilson, Sociobiology (London, 1975). 34. R. Dawkins, The Selfish Gene (London, 1976). 35. B. Inglis, Trance (London, 1989) 36. Cf. J.A.T. Robinson, The Body (London, 1952). For a somewhat

contrary view, cf. R.H. Gundry, Soma in Biblical Theology (Cambridge, 1976).

37. C. Hartshorne, Logic of Perfection, (Lasalle, IlI., 1962) p. 252. 38. W. Pannenberg, What is Man? quoted by J. Hick in The Oxford

Companion to the Mind ed. R. Gregory (Oxford, 1988), p. 772. 39. D.Z. Phillips, Death and Immortality (London, 1970). 40. Inglis, Trance, p. 109. 41. Sperry in The Oxford Companion to the Mind, p. 166. 42. C. Wilson, Beyond the Occult (London, 1988), p. 238. 43. Ibid., p. 215. 44. Ibid., p. 242. 45. Inglis, Trance, p. 270. 46. E.g. R.C. Johnson, The Imprisoned Splendour (London, 1953); Badham

and Badham, Immortality or Extinction: I. Wilson, The After Death Experience (London, 1987); C. Wilson, Beyond the Occult (London, 1988); Inglis, Trance. For a classic exposition, cf. F.W.H. Myers, Perso­nality and its Survival of Bodily Death (London, 1919).

47. J. Iverson, More Lives Than One (London, 1976), pp. 55ff. 48. I. Wilson, The After Death Experience, p. 46. 49. R. Guirdham, We Are One Another (Jersey, 1974). 50. I. Stevenson, Children Who Remember Lost Lives, (Charlottesville, Va.,

1987). 51. Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation (ASPR, 1966). 52. Cf. Inglis, Trance, p. 236. 53. J. Flournoy, From India to the Planet Mars (New York, 1901). 54. H.D. Lewis, Persons and Life After Death (London, 1978), p. 82. 55. F.W.H. Myers, Human Personality and its Survival of Bodily Death

(London, 1903), provides a classic study. See also G.N.M. Tyrrell, Apparitions (London, 1942) and The Personality of Man (London, 1947).

56. E.g. W. Barrett, Death Bed Visions (London, 1926); K. Osis, Death Bed Observations by Physicians and Nurses (New York, 1961). E. Kubler Ross, a great authority on the care of the dying, wrote on death bed

Notes 149

visions in 'Death Does Not Exist' in Coevolution Quarerly (Summer 1977) p. 103.

57. Badharn and Badharn, Immortality or Extinction?, p. 88, cite a bibliogra­phy of books relevant to ne ar death experiences which lists two and a half thousand titles!

58. S. Blackmore, Beyond the Body (London, 1982). 59. 'Visions from the dying brain' by S. Blackmore in New Scientist (5 May

1988) pp. 46ff. 60. R. Swinburne, The Evolution of the Soul (Oxford, 1986). p. 183. 61. Blakemore, The Mind Machine. 62. 'The Omega Point as Eschaton: Answers to Pannenberg's Questions to

Scientists' by F.J. Tipier, Zygon, vol. 24, no. 2 (July 1989) p. 222. 63. R. CotteriIl, No Ghost in the Machine (London 1989), p. 285. For

contrary views, cf. K.P. Popper and J.C. Eccles, The Self and its Brain: An Argument for Interactionism (Berlin, 1977) R. Penrose, in The Emperor's New Mind (Oxford, 1989), argues persuasively that because minds can see the truth of mathematical statements which machines can rtever prove, they must be more than machines. Dana Zohar, in The Quantum Self(London, 1990), attempts a quantum mechanical model of consciousness, but is unable to explain the sense of awareness wh ich it is its chief characteristic.

64. J. Mahoney, Bioethics and Belief (London, 1984), p.78. 65. Swinburne, The Evolution of the Soul, pp. 186ff. 66. Ibid., p. 195. 67. H. Oppenheimer, Looking Before and After (London, 1988) p. 42. 68. D.M. Mackay in The Oxford Companion to the Mind, p. 724. 69. See, for example, O. Cullmann, Immortality ofthe Soul or The Resurrec­

tion of the Dead? (London, 1958). Professor Cullmann compared the death of Socrates with that of Jesus. It is unfortunate that he seemed to think only in terms of an immortal soul.

70. Oppenheimer, Looking Before and After, p. 45, quoting P. Strawson, Individuals (London, 1959) pp. 115f.

9 Claiming the High Ground

1. R. Hartill, Writers Revealed (London, 1989). 2. R. Swinburne, The Existence of God (Oxford, 1979), p. 218-221. 3. F. Dostoyevsky, The Brothers Karamajor (London, 1982 edn), p. 287. 4. M. Spufford, The Independent newspaper, 25 November 1989, respond-

ing to articles about her book Celebration (London, 1989). 5. Hick, An Interpretation of Religion, pp. 233-46. 6. Swinburne, The Existence of God, pp. 278-91. 7. Hick, An Interpretation of Religion, pp. 104-10. 8. B. Griffiths, A New Vision of Reality (London, 1989), p. 9. 9. Ibid., p. 1Of.

10. 'I suggest that the tide has turned from a rejection of Christian belief to a greater openness to it' (K. Ward, The Turn of the Tide (London 1986), p.8).

Index

abortion 41,48 Al-Ghazali 115,147 Acton, Lord 75 Adam 41 agape 18 America, Central 73 American

civil war 73 war of independence 65

animals, moral value of 58 anthropic principle, weak 88 Aquinas 58,70, 114, 120 Ardrey, R. 121,147 Aristotle 67, 114, 144 Armada, defeat of 66 Atkins, P.W. 121,145,147 AUfield, R. 143 Athens 65,67 Augustine 18, 133 Ayer, A.J. 119

Badham, B. and L. 113, 146, 148 Bareroft , J. 108 Barrett, W. 148 Barrow, J.D. 144,145 Bartholomew, D.J. 102,145 BBC 42 Berlin, I. 76 Bethune Baker, J.F. 147 'big bang' 86f, 88 Blackmore, S. 130, 148 Blakemore, C. 123,147,148 Bloxham tapes 127 Bohm, D. 108, 146 'boo words' 69 Book of Common Prayer 22, 23 brain events 110 Brennan, A. 143 Britain 48, 66 Broad, C. F. 116 broadcasting, Independent

Broadcasting Authority 2 Broadcasting Standards Authority

42

Bunney, S. 146 Burgess, A. 135 Byron, Lord 65

Cairns, J. 104,146 Calvin, J. 114 Camus, A. 38 carbon dioxide emissions 56 Carrithers, M. 147 Catherine of Sienna 24 Catullus 117,147 centralised decision-making 29, 37f Charles I 74 China 48 chlorofluorocarbons 43,56 Christi an Aid 71 Churchill, W. 66,70,71 coincidences

apparent cosmic 87-9 planetary 90f

Collins, S. 147 Commandments, Ten 35f, 42 common market 70 Comte, A. 118, 121 Concorde 39 Conservative Party 75 Constantine, Emperor 6 contingency, inbuilt in evolution 93 Cotterill, R. 131,146,147,148 covenant 22 Cranston, M. 144 Crick, F. 91,125,145 Cullmann, O. 149 cultural change 29,44f Cupitt, D. 124 cybernetic controls of the

ecosystem 56, 90f Czechoslovakia 48

Darwin, C. 101,120,132,134,145 Davies, P.c. W. 145, 146 Dawkins, R. 102f, 105f, 112, 135,

146,147,148 DDT 55

150

Defence of the Realm Act 72 Deissmann, A. 144 Descartes, R. 188 Dominian, J. 28,143 Dostoievsky, F. 136, 149 Douglas, M. 147

Eccles, J.c. 148 economics, environment al 44 Elasser, W.L. 146 Elijah 117 Enoch 117 environment 29,43-5,46-64 Epictetus 79, 144 eseheriehia eoli 103 eros 18 ethics, humanistic 49f, 55, 61, 63 ethics of Christian stewardship 44,

51, 53f, 62 Evans, J. 127 Eve 41 evil 55, 97, 135-7, 138 exodus from Egypt 65,67

fertilisation, assisted 41 fertilisers, artificial 43,55,61 Feuerbach, L. 25,27,142 Fisher, R.A. 101,106,146 Flournoy,J. 125,128,148 forests, tropical rain 43,56 fossil fuels, consumption of 56,61 France 66 Francis of Assisi 59 Frazer, J.G. 121,147 freedom and Christianity 79-83

in political parlance 75f interior 77-9 Marxist views on 78 meanings of personal 71-4 necessary restraints on 69-71

French Revolution 65 Freud,S. 5,6,25f,27, 119, 122,

129, 142, 143

Gaia 54f, 90,100,111 Gaudium et Spes 142 genetic drift 102 Germany, West 48 Glock, c.y. 142

Index

God fatherhood of 19ff kingdom of 38, 113

God's existence eutaxiological reasons for 85 teleological reasons for 86f

Goodall, J. 12 Gould, S.J. 107 grace 22f Graham, W. 2 grain reserves 47 Greece 65 greenhouse

effect 56f gases 143

Griffiths, B. 139, 149 Guirdham, J. 127,148

Hadrian 117 hallucinations, veridical 129 Hardy, A. 3 Hartill, R. 135, 149 Hartshorne, C. 124,148 Hawking, S. 145 Hay, D. 5,142 Hayward, A. 144 Heelas, P. 147 Hegel, F. 25 Henderson, J.J. 90,149

151

Hick, J. 8,95, 138f, 142, 145, 147, 149

HIV 60 Hodgson, R. 128 holistic approach to evolution 108 Holy Spirit 98,111,109 Homer 117 Houlden, J.L. 144 humanism 33 (see also soul) Hume, D. 188 Hungary 48 'hurrah' words 68f Huxley, J. 107,146 hypnotherapy, BMA report on 126

infertility, human 40 Inge, W.R. 9, 142 Inglis, B. 124, 126, 146, 147, 148 inner-city degradation 35 Israel 67

152 Index

Iverson, J. 148

Jacobs, L. 147 Jame, E.O. 142 James, VV. 9, 128, 142 Jantsch, E. 48,97,145,146 Japan 48 Jerome 113 Jesus 13,14,22,31,33,81,113,149 Johnson, R.C. 148 Josephus 147 Jung, K. 112, 129 justice 37 justification through faith 21 Justin Martyr 113

Kant, E. 136, 137 Koestler, A. 125 Korea, South 49 Kenya 48 Kubler Ross, E. 148

Labour Party 76 Laski, M. 4, 142 leisure 30f Leuba,J. 142 Lewis, H.D. 129,148 Lewis, J. 147 liberation theology 6 linga sharira 116 Locke, A. 118, 147 Lodge, O. 125, 128 Lorenz, K. 121,147 love

central value in Christianity 36 creativity of 17, 19 divine 19

Lovelock, J. 90,143,145 L4iMrup, S. 107,112,145,146,147 Lukes, S. 147 Luther, M. 11

Mabrook, L. 147 Mackay, D.M. 132,149 macromutations 107, 112 Maddox,J. 145 Mahoney,J. 132,149 Maringer, D. 142

marriage and the life offaith 18-24 Marriage, Divorce and the

Church 142 maturation of personality in 15f mystical 5,24 trial 20

mass media 2,29, 42f mass production 28-34 Marathon 65 Marx, K. 5,6,38 materialism, arguments against

126-30 Matterhorn 10 medical technology 29, 39-41 mediums 128f Mendel, G. 101 MiII, J.S. 71 MiIton, J. 68,78,144 Mivart, St G. 107,146 mobility 29, 38f Monod,J. 120,147 monogamy 13 Montefiore, H.W. 143 144 145

146 ' , ,

Morris, D. 111,121,146,147 Morris, Lord 132 Mortimer, J. 138 Myers, VV.H.C. 148

neanderthal man 1,110,121,146 near-death experiences 129f neo-Darwinism 11,92,100,102-

11,120,124,131,135 Nietzsche, F. 38, 119 nirvana 30,79, 116, 136 nuclear energy

and the environment, Royal Commission on 143

morality of 52-4

Observer newspaper 2 Oppenheimer, H. 132f, 142, 149 Origen 114 Osis, K. 148 Oxfam 71

Paley, VV. 84,94,144

panentheism 146 Pannenberg, VV. 124,128 Passingham, R. 146 pantheism 55, 97f, 99 Passmore, J. 63,144 Paul, St 33,41, 80ff, 109, 113f Peacocke,i\. 109,146 Pearce, D. 143 Penrose, R. 145, 149 Pericles 65,67,144 Persia 65 pesticides 43,55,61,67 Phillips, D.Z. 125,148 Piper, L. 128 Planck length and time 86 Plato 117f Playfair, G. 125 Poland 66, 73 polar bear 105 Pollard, J. 103 pollution 43,53-7

nuclear 53 of the oceans 54f of the soil 55

polygamy 13 Popper, K. 148 population

morality of control 49-52 world 47ff

poverty 33 powerlessness 37 Psychic Research, i\merican Society

of 128 Psychic Research, Society for 125 Puritans 73

Radamanthus 117 Raven, C. 98,145 Reganold, J. 143 reineamation, evidence for 127f Religious Experience Research

Unit 3,5 Religious Surveys

California 3 National Opinion Poil 4

revelation, divine 138 Rhine, J.B. 125 Richard of St Victor 24 Robinson,J.AT. 147,148

Index

Roosevelt, F. 70,71 Rose, S. 8, 142 Rousseau, J.-J. 75 Runeie, R.AK. 32,62 RusselI, B. 147 Ryle, G. 119,147

sabbath 30 sacraments 23 Saudi i\rabia 48 Schopenhauer, A 119 self-worth 21,31

153

sex among human beings 13, 111 evolution of 11 in marriage 14, 17

Shakespeare, VV. 16 Shea, c.P. 143 Shelter 71 Sherrington, C. 108, 146 Singapore 48, 49 Smuts, J. 108,146 Social and Liberal Democratic

Party 75 Socrates 118, 149 soul

Buddhist views on 116 Christian views on 113f Hindu views on 116 Jewish views on 115f modern attack on 118 Muslim views on 114f origin of 132 (see also

traducianism) Plato's views on 117f views of ancient Egyptians 117

Soviet Union 66 species

biodiversity among 58 extinction of 59 number extant 56

Sperry, R.VV. 146,148 Spufford, M. 136,149 Spycatcher 72f Stevenson,I. 127,148 Strategie Defense Initiative (SDI)

44 Strawson, P. 133,149 Sun newspaper 2 Sunday Times, The 2

154 Index

Swedenborg, E. 129 Swinburne, R. 130, 132, 137-9,

142, 148, 149

Tanganyika, Lake 12 Tavistock c1inic 80 Tennant,F.R. 86,144 Teresa of Avila 24 Thorpe, W.H. 142, 146 Thucydides 65,144 TipIer, F.J. 117,131,144,145,148 topsoil 60f traducianism 114 trahison des clercs 64, 124-6 tranquillisers 40 Tibetan Book of the Dead 116 Trinity, the Holy 18,36,98 Towers, B. 147 Tyrrell, G.N.M. 148

Underhill, E. 24, 142 UNO 70,71

urbanisation 29,34-7 USA 72,73

Vatican Council, Second 17 Victoria, Queen 80 vinnana 116 'Visions ofEcstasy' 142 Voortrek 66

Ward, K. 149 Weinberg, S. 145 White, L. 143 Wigner, E.P. 146 Wilson, C. 125, 126, 146, 148 Wilson, E.O. 123, 147 Wilson, I. 127,148 work

hours of 30 importance of 31

World HeaIth Organisation 55

Zohar, D. 149