notes: respiratory system (ch 13) part 1 – organs of the ......*the respiratory system includes...
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NOTES: Respiratory System (CH 13) Part 1 – Organs of
the Respiratory System
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*The respiratory system includes tubes that remove particles from incoming air and transport air to and from the lungs and the air sacs where gases are exchanged. Respiration is the entire process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and body cells.
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Functions of the Respiratory System:1) Air distribution /
gaseous exchange;2) Filter, warm &
humidify air we breathe;
3) Influence speech;4) Help maintain
body’s pH;5) Make sense of
smell possible.
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**Gas exchange supplies O2for cellular respiration and disposes of CO2.
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ORGANS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
*The organs of the respiratory system can be divided into two groups:
1) Upper Respiratory Tract: nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx
2) Lower Respiratory Tract: larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, body cells
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● NOSE
supported by bone and cartilage
openings for air: NOSTRILS
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● NASAL CAVITY lined with mucous
membrane to filter, warm, and moisten incoming air
CILIA carry particles trapped in the mucus to the pharynx, where they are swallowed
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• Nasal septum separates left and right nostril
• Nasal conchae support mucous membrane and increases surface area
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● SINUSES
spaces in the bones of the skull that open into the nasal cavity reduce the weight of the skulllined with mucous membranesserve as resonant chambers that affects
the quality of the voice
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● PHARYNX (aka throat)
behind the oral cavity
between the nasal cavity and the larynx
allows air to pass from nasal cavity into the larynx
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3 parts include: a) Nasopharynxb) Oropharynxc) Layngopharynx
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● LARYNXconducts air and
prevents foreign particles from entering trachea
composed of muscles and cartilage; lined with mucous membrane
composed of thyroid cartilageMore prominent in males
(Adam’s apple) due to sex hormones
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the GLOTTIS and EPIGLOTTIS help prevent foods and liquids from entering the trachea
contains the VOCAL CORDS
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VOCAL CORDS • vibrate from side to
side and produce sounds when air passes between them
• To change pitch, contract or relax vocal cords
• To change intensity, increase/decrease force of air passing through the cords
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● TRACHEA extends into the
thoracic cavity; in front of the esophagus
divides into R and L BRONCHI
made up of 20 C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage
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● BRONCHIAL TREE consists of branched
air passages that lead from the trachea to the air sacs
ALVEOLI are at the distal ends of the narrowest tubes, the ALVEOLAR DUCTS
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• Branches of the bronchial tree– Primary (main) bronchi– Secondary (lobar) bronchi– Tertiary bronchi (segmental) bronchi– Bronchioles (3 different types)– Alveolar ducts– Alveolar sacs– Alveoli
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● LUNGS
enclosed by the DIAPHRAGM and the thoracic cage
closely surrounded by the PLEURA
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-VISCERAL PLEURA: attaches to the surface of the lungs
-PARIETAL PLEURA: lines the thoracic cavity
-PLEURAL CAVITY: the space between the two pleurae; contains fluid to lubricate and cushion lungs during breathing; fluid also holds the two pleurae together which aids in breathing
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SUMMARY OF PATHWAY OF AIR (OXYGEN) IN THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
Nostrils
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Glottis/epiglottis
Larynx
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Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Blood (capillaries)
Body cells