notes on philo finals

8/10/2019 Notes on Philo Finals

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FINALS

Reference: Catechism of the Catholic Church

1.

Sin and conversion

2.

Virtues and values

3.

The Decalogue (ten commandments)

The Kingdom of God

-shows how Christ treat each and every creation

-manifestation of love and charity without any

condition in different status (rich, poor, evil

doer or saintly)

-No one is isolated from Gods love- He will

provide when we need it the most-we are invited to share the passion, death and

resurrection of Christ

All of us are men who participate in the glory

of the resurrected Christ

-if we live out the beatitudes, we will participate

in the blessings when Jesus Christ suffered, died

and was resurrected.

The Beatitudes

-Charters of the Kingdom of God- what are

expected from the people who are part of the

Kingdom of God to possess

-squarely and justly

-characteristics you must contain to have a

personal relationship with Christ

1. Poor in Spirit- theirs is the Kingdom of

God

-sinners

- for those who lose their paths

-isolated-who needs most in complying-murderers, rebels

spiritual poverty

-the Kingdom is not discriminative, rather, it is

inclusive of every one

Parable of lost sheep- Divine attitude-

even if we have forgotten our duties

and responsibilities as children of God,

Jesus will not take us for granted,

instead, He will do anything to look for

the lost sheep

Parable of the forgiving father (Prodigal

son)- in spite of the things that we

made against Him (rebellion, doing

selfish desires, etc), the Father is always

awaiting for our return

2. Pure in heart- they will see God

-sinners who acknowledge their sins

and repent (cleansing and purifying of

the soul) are those who have pure

hearts and they will be rewarded with

beatific vision

3.

Merciful- they will receive mercy

-the weight of ones sins shall not be

the basis for judgment. We shall always

be open to help other people instead of

the normal mindset of blaming them

- Mercy can be given through grace-

capable of extending time, knowledge,

and effort to those in need

-Nursing- you are able to perform

assisted to the needy

How can you hug/kiss those who are sick?

Because what I see in them is Christ in

a disgustful disguise- Mother Theresa of

Calcutta

*Nakuha ko lang sa net yung mga nasa blue font

color

"Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of

heaven."

"Poor in spirit" means to be humble. Humility is the realization

that all your gifts and blessings come from the grace of God. Tohave poverty of spirit means to be completely empty and open to

the Word of God. When we are an empty cup and devoid of pride,

we are humble. Humility brings an openness and an inner peace,

allowing one to do the will of God. He who humbles himself is

able to accept our frail nature, to repent, and to allow the grace of

God to lead us toConversion.

It is pride, the opposite of humility, that brings misery. For pride

brings anger and the seeking of revenge, especially when one is

offended. If every man were humble and poor in spirit, there
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would be no war!

"Blessed are they who mourn, for they shall be comforted."

If we are humble and appreciate that all of our gifts and blessings

come from God, we grow in love and gratitude for Jesus Christ our

Savior. But this can only produce mourning and regret over our

own sins and the sins of this world, for we have hurt the one whohas been so good to us. One also mourns for the suffering of

others.

St. Gregory describes another reason to mourn: the more one

ascends in meditation of Divine Truth, Beauty, and Goodness, and

then realize the poverty of human nature, man can only be left in

sorrow. When one contemplates that we were made in the image

and likeness of God and lived in Paradise, the Garden of Eden, and

compare that to our present state after the Fall, one can only

mourn our present condition. But the sentence continues

that they shall be comforted, by the Comforter, the Holy Spirit,

and hopefully one day in the Kingdom of Heaven.

Mourning in this context is called a blessing, because mourning

our fallen nature creates in us a desire to improve ourselves andto do what is right!

"Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth."

St. Gregory of Nyssa taught that the Beatitudes build one upon

another. A humble person becomes meek, or becomes gentle and

kind, and exhibits a docility of spirit, even in the face of adversity

and hardship. A person that is meek is one that exhibits self-

control. St. Augustine advises us to be meek in the face of the

Lord, and not resist but be obedient to him. Obedience and

submission to the will of God are certainly not in vogue these

days, but they will bring one peace in this world and in the next.

"Blessed are they who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for

they shall be satisfied."

A continuous desire for justice and moral perfection will lead oneto a fulfillment of that desire - a transition and conversion to

holiness. This is true for all the virtues - if you hunger and thirst

for temperance, you will head towards the goal you have in mind.

St. Augustine called the Beatitudes the ideal for every Christian

life! In his discourse on the Lord's Sermon on the Mount, he noted

the correspondence of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit and their

necessity in fulfilling the Beatitudes. For example, one must have

the gift of fortitude so one may be courageous in seeking justice.

"Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy."

Mercy is the loving disposition towards those who suffer

distress.Love, compassion, and forgiveness towards one's

neighbor will bring peace in your relationships. We say intheLord's Prayer:Forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those

who trespass against us. As we are merciful to others, so our

Heavenly Father will be merciful with us! Jesus reminds us that

whatever "you did to the least of my brethren, you did it to me

(Matthew 25:31-46)." St. Paul calls for the obedience of faithin

the beginning and end of his Letter to theRomans (1:5, 16:25-27).

The following are ways to be merciful to your neighbor, as well as

obedient in faith to Christ our Savior.

The Corporal Works of Mercy

1 Feed the Hungry

2 Give drink to the thirsty

3 Clothe the naked

4 Shelter the homeless5 Comfort the imprisoned

6 Visit the sick

7 Bury the dead

The Spiritual Works of Mercy

1 Admonish sinners

2 Instruct the uninformed

3 Counsel the doubtful

4 Comfort the sorrowful5 Be patient with those in error

6 Forgive offenses

7 Pray for the living and the dead

"Blessed are the pure of heart, for they shall see God."

Moses (Exodus 33:20), John (1:18), and Paul (1Timothy 6:16) all

say that no one can see God here on earth! But Jesus says the

pure of heart shallsee God! To be pure of heart means to be free

of all selfish intentions and self-seeking desires. What a beautiful

goal! How many times have any of us performed an act perfectly

free of any personal gain? Such an act is pure love. An act of pure

and selfless giving brings happiness to all.

"Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called children

of God."

Peacemakers not only live peaceful lives but also try to bring

peace and friendship to others, and to preserve peace between

God and man. St. Gregory of Nyssa calls a peacemaker a man who

brings peace to another; but one cannot give another what one

does not possess oneself. Hence the Lord wants you first to be

yourself filled with the blessings of peace and then to

communicate it to those who have need of it. By imitating God's

love of man, the peacemakers become children of God.

"Blessed are they who are persecuted for the sake of

righteousness,

for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven."

Jesus said many times that those who follow Him will be

persecuted. "If they persecute me, they will persecute you" (John

15:20-21). Stephen, Peter and Paul, nearly all of the Apostles, and

many Christians in the Roman era suffered martyrdom.

Oppressive governments and endless conflicts in the last one

hundred years, such as World Wars I and II, and the Middle East

Wars in Iraq, Egypt, and Syria have seen their share of martyrs,

such as Maximilian Kolbe, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Latin American

martyrs, and Middle East Christians. The Central American

Martyrs include the 38 recognized martyrs of La Cristiada, the

Cristero War from 1926 to 1929, when the Mexican government

persecuted priests of the Catholic Church, such as St. Christopher

Magallanes, St. Toribio Romo Gonzalez, and the 14 year old

martyr Blessed Jose Luis Sanchez del Rio. St. Maximilian Kolbe

offered his life in place of a stranger at the Auschwitz death
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camps on August 14, 1941. Dietrich Bonhoeffer was a Lutheran

pastor who was hung on April 9, 1945 for condemning the

leadership of Hitler in Nazi Germany. Another Central American

martyr was Oscar Romero, Archbishop of San Salvador, who was

assassinated while saying Mass at Divine Providence Hospital on

March 24, 1980 for speaking out against government human

rights violations. Middle Eastern Christians have suffered severe

persecution since the Iraq War. At least 58 Christians were

slaughtered at Sunday Mass at Our Lady of SalvationSyriacEastern Catholic Church in Baghdad on October 31, 2010.

The present turmoil in Syria has left 500,000 Christian refugees

displaced from their homes, having fled to Jordan, Lebanon, and

other Middle Eastern countries. But the Lord promised those that

suffer for his sake will be rewarded with the Kingdom of Heaven!

SINS-hinders

-reality present in everyone

-a choice

-transgression of the law-threat to our relationship with God, human

society, environment and self

Severancy-cutting off

OBJECT- God, others, self environment

GRAVITY-venial; mortal

Mental complacencies- sins that cannot be

known by other people

-bad/impure thoughts

-Sins become grater if you share what you have

seen to others- being a source of scandal

Cooperational sin-inviting others to cooperate

in evil

CAPITAL SINS- source of many other sins

1.

Pride

2.

Gluttony

3.

Envy

4.

Anger

5.

Greed

6.

Lust7.

Sloth

PRIDE- highlights ones self alone- self-centered

Insensitive- so much focus to self; no

time for society

Selfishness

Judgmental-theyll do their best to

pull others down (Crab mentality)

Intellectual pride- not verbalized

-thinks of own progress alone

and not wanting the progress of others

-cannot accept circumstances

so they will wish for

unfortunate things to happen

to others

-pride begets envy

GLUTTONY- excessive desire to food and liquid-

people become less sensitive of others

ENVY-hidden desire of becoming just like other

people- leads to doing evil things like stealing

ANGER- good if it shows your character and let

others to learn

-Wrath- not reasonable- those who highlights

own emotion- i.e. when you are tired you

become impatient

-the psychology of anger is when you dont do

anything about it, it will grow until the time

comes that you cant control it anymore

Management: say no to that nagging anger so

you wont cause trouble

- bitterness/ resentmentrevenge

GREED-exessive desire especially for walth or

possessions

LUST-personal satisfaction

SLOTH-laziness

TYPES OF SIN

1.

According to object- object of act

2.

According to virtue opposed- i.e. greed

is against charity and justice

3.

According to commandment violated

Classification

Spiritual-sin is destroying our

relationship with God

Carnal- sin gives way to human

nature- mental complacencies
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Source: thoughts, words, deeds-

responsibilities that we forget/take for

granted

Gravity

Mortal sin- i.e. stealing-

demands confession and

penance/retribution

Venial sin- can be forgiven by a

good act with the intention of

forgiveness

Grave sin-vice on the onset

(done often)- i.e. cursing,

laziness/indolence,

pangungupit

>Death penalty- deprives sinners to change

their life and make their retribution

ULTIMATE EFFECTS OF SIN

-separation/destruction of relationship with

God and other people

-weakens personality

-leads to undesired things/discovered

tendencies

-lessening of responsibility regarding things we

do- to the extent that we commit sin without

worrying of getting caught or corrected

Have the guts to refuse what a sinful world

offers

VIRTUES-God-given

-grace that allows a person to do good and to

give ones best

-strengthen our journey towards perfection

-operative good habit-constant repetition

Disposition

-important quality- automatic- does

things without second thoughts

-comes from the heart

CLASSIFICATION

I.

Theological- comes from the holy

spirit

-FAITH, HOPE, CHARITY

-we, as human beings,

cant fully comprehend

these virtues

FAITH- I will be with you- based on scriptures

-believing (cognitive)

-trusting

-doing (actuating and living the faith

that you have)

LOVE/CHARITY- to love if the primary duty of

every believer (New Testament)

-love your neighbor as you love

yourself

II.

Cardinal- cardo cardinisHinge-

leads us to many other virtues

-human virtue acquired

by constant repetition

a.

Prudence- tactfulness-

discerning the good in different

circumstances

Is this what I have to do rightnow?

Is this the will of God that He

wants me to perform?

-shows us the

importance of who/what

deserves our

generosity/help/time

-not about doing what

we want- it is about doing

things at the right time in the

right place and to those who

are in extreme needs with the

right intention

-Prioritize

b. Justice- firm ad constant

determination to do what is

due/fair/just to God and to

others


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-work for it because it is

not easily acquired

COMMUTATIVE JUSTICE

-something common- among people of

the same status (as a student/parent/worker)

DISTRIBUTIVE/DISCRIMINATIVE JUSTICE

-people with power or authority

(Mayors, senators, parents)

SOCIAL JUSTICE

-political, economic and cultural life of

people- citizens of a particular country

RESTITUTIVE JUSTICE

-people who have been accused or

imprisoned

-giving back dignity and time lost tothose who were punished

INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE- based on Geneva,

Switzerland

-groups of people that committed crime

against humanity- killed a lot of people

CHANGE- what is expected from each of us

Conversion-leaving behind something for

something else

-Metanoia- change of heart-how wedescribe the heart is how we describe the

person

-Moral change

-renewal- our potentials should be used

to do something-takes time

-leave behind old self; start

walking towards perfection

-once the heart is transformed,

everything else will follow(the

way we think, communicate,

etc)

-transformation

-a call to grace- has been given to us but

we forgot about it; helps in path towards

perfection

-a journey from, a journey to- by the

power of the Holy Spirit

-we do not

have the

capacity to

change on our

own, we need

the help of the

Holy Spirit

-heart is a criterion of change-center of every

person

Considerations:

1.

Interior penance- accept the truth that

you have sinned

-giving up the sins thatcontrol and drag us

down- i.e. anger,

bitterness

-surrender everything

to the Lord and allow Him to take over

2.

Inner conversion

3.

A turning away from- past

Parable of the lost coin- I am happy

because they were lost but now they

are found Parable of the good shepherd

Parable of the merciful father

>Leave behind the past

>Go back to the sanctifying grace

>Go back to the Father

VALUES: The PhilosophyFilipino values:

o

Hospitalityo Bayanihan spirit

o Crab mentality

o Maana habit

o Pilipino time

o

Ningas-kugon mentality

o

Palabra de honor

o

Bahala na


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o Colonial mentality

o Delicadeza

Crab mentality- those who do not know their

own strengths/ weaknesses

-highlights a negative

understanding on what he/she is

-limits self; closing and

building walls instead of bridges

-person with ambition vs

person whos contented with situation

This is who I am and you have to take me as I

am- too proud- they will not work on their

imperfection

>envy

>jealousy

>pride

Maana habitBahala naFilipino time

-Importance of preparation and

prioritization

-studies show that people who succeed

have ample time for preparation then

have relaxation afterwards

Ningas-kugon mentality

-waste energy at the start and as time

goes by, we go back to our old habits

>maintenance and sustenance-if we have to start a venture, we have

to make sure that we are able to maintain and

sustain that venture

Palabra de honor

-lack of commitmentbroken

promisesruins friendship, dignity, integrity

Colonial Mentality

-Philippines has become a dumping site

for second hand items etc

WHAT WILL I DO IN ORDER TO OBTAIN ETERNAL

LIFE?

Keep the commandments.

>by obeying, we signify the unity and solidarity

Organic unity- all believers are invited to obey

as one

To transgress one commandment is to infringe

on the whole law

-because if you cannot be faithful in doing the

little things, how can you be faithful in heavier

responsibilities?

Life is not simply knowing; it has got to do

about practicing what you know..Sir Maisog,

2013

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