notes on academic internationalisation rein raud tallinn university
TRANSCRIPT
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Notes on Academic Internationalisation
Rein RaudTallinn University
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What are universities for?
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graduates
publications
grants
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knowledge
understanding
critical thought
creativity
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innovation
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✤ “Innovation is the embodiment, combination, or synthesis of knowledge in original, relevant, valued new products, processes, or services.” Richard Luecke and Ralph Katz, Managing Creativity and Innovation, Harvard Business School Press 2003
✤ Innovation is what makes the economy grow and develop in quality as well as competitiveness
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In practice, innovation thus understood also
✤increases our use of natural resources and need for energy
✤pollutes the environment
✤alienates people by reducing face-to-face communication
✤creates artificial needs and forces people to adjust to products
✤increases the social gravity of metropolitan areas
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So maybe the relations between knowledge and productive practice should also be critically re-evaluated?
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What are universities?
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structure
buildings
equipment
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universitas magistrorum et scholarium
community of teachers and scholars
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a meeting place for different minds
an environment for processes to evolve
a repository for the intellectual achievements of the past
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Why do universities have to be
international?
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export of educational services
creating a pool of recruits for the corporate sector
attracting brains from abroad
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an ideology based on domination and
competition
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yes, this is very much the way most of the world still functions
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but we don’t want to keep it that way, do we?
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✤ imagined, because none of their members will ever have met all of the others with whom s/he firmly identifies
✤ communities, because they are joined by the flow of the same information (in the modern age: newspapers and books)
How do nations come into being?
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✤ communities are created by all kinds of texts and what we do with them
✤ universities are communities, and ideally parts of a larger community
✤ it is an essential element of their task to enhance the free movement of texts and ways of interpreting them
✤ it is essential that they expose their membership to different ways of seeing things
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in the ideal classroom, everybody is a teacher
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internationalisation is a key element in the
quality of education and research
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What keeps universities from being
international?
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Traditional understanding of the study process:
a closed list of subjects
taught in sequence
arranged along the nominal duration of the cycle
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students are encapsulated into groups
they become the objects, not the subjects of their education
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disrupting the process for the period of exchange creates problems in advancement
knowledge acquired elsewhere does not fit into the structure of studies
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Arguments in favour of the traditional process:
“this is how things have always been done”
“otherwise, we cannot guarantee that all graduates know the same things”
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employability
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“a set of achievements, skills, understandings and personal attributes that make graduates more likely to gain employment and be successful in their chosen occupations, which benefits themselves, the workforce, the community and the economy”
UK’s Enhancing Student Employability Co-ordination Team, 2005
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“The more generic the skill, ie the wider its applicability, the more valuable it is in employability terms”
P.Tamkin & J.Hillage, Employability and Employers: the missing piece of the jigsaw, Institute for Employment Studies, 1999
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letting the student combine her personal
characteristics with the content of studies - letting her be the
subject of the study process - enhances
employability
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What practical conclusions can we draw from all this?
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degree structures have to be as liberal as possible
international students have to be integrated into regular university life
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foreign language skills are a part of any job description
international experience should be incorporated into the structure of studies
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What have we done in Tallinn?
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established 2005a little below 10 000 students (33% in graduate programs)538 faculty members
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• B2 requirement in a foreign language for all graduates
• all PhD-requiring positions announced internationally
• over 40 bilateral agreements
• over 300 Erasmus agreements
• the only university in Estonia with more incoming than outgoing exchange students
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• “friendliness” is a declared value of the university
• all undergraduate programs contain 1/3 of electives and 1/3 free electives
• modules in English to be introduced in all Estonian programs
• students form 20% of all decision-making bodies
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www.summerschool.tlu.ee