8/16/2019 NOTES Oblicon 12Mar15

1/2

1. OBLIGATION – a juridical necessity to give, to do, or not to do [Art 1156]

. !IN"# o$ o%ligations [Art 1423]a. &I'IL o%ligations give rig(t o$ action to co)*el *er$or)ance%. NAT+AL o%ligations do not grant a rig(t o$ action to en$orce *er$or)ance

i. Based on e-uity and natural la, not *ositive laii. I$ voluntary $ul$illed %y t(e de%tor, t(ere is no rig(t to recover *ay)ent

/. 0 L2NT# o$ an o%ligation

a. A&TI' #+B3&Ti. 4as *oer to de)and *restation

ii. OBLIG or &"ITO

%. 5A##I' #+B3&Ti. 4as duty to *er$or) *restationii. OBLIGO or "BTO

c. 5#TATION or OB3&T

i. / !IN"# o$ *restation1. TO GI'

a. #5&I6I& t(ingi. Ta7e care o$ t(e it( "ILIGN& O6 GOO" 6AT4, unless la or sti*ulation

re-uires anot(er standard o$ careii.

. TO "O/. NOT TO "O

ii. / 8+I#IT# o$ *restation1. 5O##IBL, *(ysically and juridically. "T2INABL according to *re9esta%lis(ed criteria/. &A5ABL O6 5&+NIA: #TI2ATION

a. Not necessarily $or eit(er *arty; it )ay %e $or a /rd *arty%. Not necessarily o$ econo)ic c(aracter; t(e la )ay attri%ute to it econo)ic value

d. 3+I"I&AL TIi. T(at %inding or connecting t(e *arties to t(e o%ligationii. 66I&INT &A+# or 'IN&+L+2iii. / 2O"# o$ esta%lis()ent

1. LA<. BILATAL A&T#

a. &ontracts/. +NILATAL A&T#

a. 8uasi contract%. "elictc. 8uasi delict

0. = #O+&# o$ o%ligations

a. LA< – e> legei. O%ligations $ro) la are NOT 5#+2" [Art 1158]ii. "e)anda%le only i$ ?5##L: "T2IN"

1. In &I'IL &O". In #5&IAL LA<

iii. AG2NT o$ *arties is NOT N&##A:

%. &ONTA&T# – e> contractu, cul*a contractuali. O%ligations $ro) contracts (ave 6O& O6 LA< %eteen *arties [Art 1159]ii. A contract is a 2TING O6 2IN"# [Art 1305]

iii. e-uires *er$ection to give rise to da)agesiv. 59&ONTA&T+AL o%ligations arise i$ t(ere is

1. &lear and de$inite o$$er, (ere good $ait( o$$eree incurs e>*enses in e>*ectation. contractui. O%ligations $ro) -uasi contracts su%ject to &( 1 Tit 1 [Art 1160]ii. LA

8/16/2019 NOTES Oblicon 12Mar15

2/2

%. O%ligation to return [Art 2154], (eni. #o)et(ing is &I'"ii. T(ere is NO IG4T TO "2AN" itiii. +nduly "LI'" B: 2I#TA!

/. Ot(er 7indsa. [Art 2164] #+55OT B: A #TANG it(out 7noledge o$ one o%liged%. [Art 2165] 6+NAL e>*enses %y t(ird *erson it(out 7noledge o$ relativesc. [Art 2166] #+55OT O6 O54AN, IN#AN, IN"IGNT, O &4IL" +N" 1E it( unjust

re$usal o$ one o%ligedd. [Art 2167] TAT2NT O6 IN3+" (en *erson cannot give consente. [Art 2168] 5O5T: #A'" during cala)ity it(out 7noledge o$ oner$. [Art 2169] Govern)ent or7 $or 4ALT4 AN" #A6T: G+LATION# (en *ro*erty oner

$ailsg. [Art 2171] 6IN" O6 LO#T 5O5T:(. [Art 2172] 5O####O IN GOO" 6AIT4i. [Art 2173] 5A:2NT O6 "BT it(out 7noledge o$ de%tor

 j. [Art 2174] &O22+NIT: 2A#+ AGAIN#T &ALA2IT: it( re$usal to contri%ute7. [Art 2175] &onstrained to *ay TA?# O6 ANOT4

d. A&T# O O2I##ION# 5+NI#4" B: LA< – e> delictu, e> )ale$icio, cul*a cri)inali. One (o is &I2INALL: LIABL is also civilly lia%le [Art 100 RPC]

1. &ivil lia%ility in ?25TING &I&+2#TAN&# [Art 12 RPC] (ena. I2B&IL O IN#AN, unless lucid%. +N" C yearsc. O' C +N" 1=, unless it( discern)entd. I#I#TIBL 6O&e. +N&ONTOLLABL 6A o$ e-ual or greater injury

. No civil lia%ility in so)e cri)es

a. &ri)inal conte)*t%. Ga)%lingc. Tra$$ ic violations

ii. #+B#I"IA: lia%ility1. Inn7ee*ers, etc., $or cri)es in t(eir esta%lis()ent. )*loyers, teac(ers, cor*orations, etc., $or cri)es %y t(eir servants, *u*ils, e)*loyees

a. 6or cri)e in *er$or)ance o$ duties o$ e)*loyee, e)*loyer is su%sidiarily lia%le%. 6or action %ased on contract, e)*loyer is *ri)arily and inde*endently lia%le

iii. isting contractual relation

%eteen *arties [Art 2176]iii. T(e one at $ault or negligent is o%liged to *ay [Art 2176]iv. T#T o$ negligence

1.