Notes and References

The first citation for a novel is always given in the notes, but subsequent references appear in the text. References for novels are to chapters, and not to pages.

Notes to Chapter 1: Introduction: the Guilty Home 1. G. Orwell, 'Decline of the English Murder', in Decline of the English

Murder and other Essays (Harmondsworth, Middx.: Penguin, 1965) p.11.

2. For discussion of the sensation novel genre see K. Tillotson, 'The Lighter Reading of the Eighteen-Sixties', introduction to W. Collins, The Woman in White (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1969); W. Hughes, The Maniac in the Cellar (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univer­sity Press, 1980).

3. E. Showalter, 'Family Secrets and Domestic Subversion: Rebellion in the Novels of the Eighteen-Sixties', in A. Wohl (ed.), The Victorian Family: Structure and Stresses (London: Croom Helm, 1978) p. 104.

4. Tillotson, 'The Lighter Reading of the 1860s', p. xvi. 5. L. Stephen, 'The Decay of Murder', Cornhill Magazine, xx (1869)

722-33. 6. J. Ruskin, 'Of Queens' Gardens', in E. T. Cook and A. Wedderburn

(eds), The Works of John Ruskin, vol. XVIII (London: Allen, 1905) p.122.

7. E. Hobsbawm, The Age of Capital (London: Abacus, 1977) p. 280. 8. The significance of Victorian uses of Asmodeus is discussed by J.

Arac, Commissioned Spirits (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1979). See also P. Garrett, The Victorian Multiplot Novel (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1980).

9. C. Dickens, Dombey and Son (London: Oxford University Press, 1950) p.648.

10. C. Dickens, American Notes (London: Oxford University Press, 1957) p.88.

11. On the idea of surveillance in the nineteenth century see M. Foucault, Discipline and Punish (Harmondsworth, Middx.: Penguin, 1979).

12 A. Welsh, George Eliot and Blackmail (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985) p. 105.

13. W. M. Thackeray, The Newcomes (London: Macmillan, 1911) ch. 28.

164

Notes and References

The first citation for a novel is always given in the notes, but subsequent references appear in the text. References for novels are to chapters, and not to pages.

Notes to Chapter 1: Introduction: the Guilty Home 1. G. Orwell, 'Decline of the English Murder', in Decline of the English

Murder and other Essays (Harmondsworth, Middx.: Penguin, 1965) p.11.

2. For discussion of the sensation novel genre see K. Tillotson, 'The Lighter Reading of the Eighteen-Sixties', introduction to W. Collins, The Woman in White (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1969); W. Hughes, The Maniac in the Cellar (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univer­sity Press, 1980).

3. E. Showalter, 'Family Secrets and Domestic Subversion: Rebellion in the Novels of the Eighteen-Sixties', in A. Wohl (ed.), The Victorian Family: Structure and Stresses (London: Croom Helm, 1978) p. 104.

4. Tillotson, 'The Lighter Reading of the 1860s', p. xvi. 5. L. Stephen, 'The Decay of Murder', Cornhill Magazine, xx (1869)

722-33. 6. J. Ruskin, 'Of Queens' Gardens', in E. T. Cook and A. Wedderburn

(eds), The Works of John Ruskin, vol. XVIII (London: Allen, 1905) p.122.

7. E. Hobsbawm, The Age of Capital (London: Abacus, 1977) p. 280. 8. The significance of Victorian uses of Asmodeus is discussed by J.

Arac, Commissioned Spirits (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1979). See also P. Garrett, The Victorian Multiplot Novel (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1980).

9. C. Dickens, Dombey and Son (London: Oxford University Press, 1950) p.648.

10. C. Dickens, American Notes (London: Oxford University Press, 1957) p.88.

11. On the idea of surveillance in the nineteenth century see M. Foucault, Discipline and Punish (Harmondsworth, Middx.: Penguin, 1979).

12 A. Welsh, George Eliot and Blackmail (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985) p. 105.

13. W. M. Thackeray, The Newcomes (London: Macmillan, 1911) ch. 28.

164

Notes and References 165

14. G. Haight (ed.), The George Eliot Letters, vol. III (London: Oxford University Press, 1954-68) p. 164.

15. E. Showalter, 'Guilt, Authority and the Shadows of Little Dorrit', Nineteenth Century Fiction, XXXIV (1979) 20-40.

16. For a discussion of the history of identification of the public sphere as male and the private as female see J. Elshtain, Public Man, Private Woman (Oxford: Martin Robertson, 1981).

Notes to Chapter 2: The Policeman and the Lady 1. M. Oliphant, 'Chronicles of Carlingford: Salem Chapel', in Black­

wood's Edinburgh Magazine, LXXXXI (1862) to LXXXXIII (1863). Subsequent references in the text a.re to Salem Chapel.

2. See Oliphant's three articles in Blackwood's: 'Sensation Novels', LXXXXI, (1862) 564-84; 'Novels', LXXXXIV (1863) 168-83; 'Novels', ell (1867) 257-80.

3. Oliphant, 'Sensation Novels', p. 568. 4. E. Gaskell, Mary Barton (London: Dent, 1965) ch. 19. 5. Stephen, 'The Decay of Murder', p. 732. 6. 'The Police and the Thieves', Quarterly Review, LXXXXIX (1856)

160-200. 7. See L. Radzinowicz, A History of the English Criminal Law and its

Administration from 1750, vol. IV (London: Stevens and Sons, 1968); A. Silver, 'The Demand for Order in Civil Society', in D. Bordua (ed.), The Police (New York: Wiley, 1967).

8. The Household Words series included Wills's article, 'The Modern Science of Thief-taking', I (1850) 368-72; four articles by Dickens later collected in Reprinted Pieces (1858): 'A Detective Police Party', I (1850) 409-14 and 457-63; 'Three Detective Anecdotes', I (1850) 577-80; 'On Duty with Inspector Field', III (1851) 265-70; 'Down with the Tide', VI (1853) 481-5; one Dickens and Wills collaboration, 'The Metropolitan Protectives', III (1851) 97-105.

9. 'The Police and the Thieves', p. 176. 10. 'The Police System of London', Edinburgh Review, LXXXXVI (1852)

1-32. 11. D. Olsen, 'Victorian London: Specialisation, Segregation and

Privacy', Victorian Studies, XVII (1974) 265-78. 12. Radzinowicz, A History of the English Criminal Law. vol. II, p. 255. 13. Ibid., vol II, p. 259. See also on police hire S. Spitzer and A. Scull,

'Social Control in Historical Perspective: from Private to Public Responses to Crime', in D. Greenberg (ed.), Corrections and Punish­ment (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1977).

14. There are accounts of the case in J. Rhode, The Case of Constance Kent (London: Bles, 1928); D. Browne, The Rise of Scotland Yard (London: Harrap, 1956); Y. Bridges, Saint with Red Hands? (London: Jarrolds, 1954); M. Hartman, Victorian Murderesses (London: Robson Books, 1985). Rhode and Browne follow Whicher's line, Bridges and Hartman both suggest that Constance confessed to protect the real murderer, her father.

Notes and References 165

14. G. Haight (ed.), The George Eliot Letters, vol. III (London: Oxford University Press, 1954-68) p. 164.

15. E. Showalter, 'Guilt, Authority and the Shadows of Little Dorrit', Nineteenth Century Fiction, XXXIV (1979) 20-40.

16. For a discussion of the history of identification of the public sphere as male and the private as female see J. Elshtain, Public Man, Private Woman (Oxford: Martin Robertson, 1981).

Notes to Chapter 2: The Policeman and the Lady 1. M. Oliphant, 'Chronicles of Carlingford: Salem Chapel', in Black­

wood's Edinburgh Magazine, LXXXXI (1862) to LXXXXIII (1863). Subsequent references in the text a.re to Salem Chapel.

2. See Oliphant's three articles in Blackwood's: 'Sensation Novels', LXXXXI, (1862) 564-84; 'Novels', LXXXXIV (1863) 168-83; 'Novels', ell (1867) 257-80.

3. Oliphant, 'Sensation Novels', p. 568. 4. E. Gaskell, Mary Barton (London: Dent, 1965) ch. 19. 5. Stephen, 'The Decay of Murder', p. 732. 6. 'The Police and the Thieves', Quarterly Review, LXXXXIX (1856)

160-200. 7. See L. Radzinowicz, A History of the English Criminal Law and its

Administration from 1750, vol. IV (London: Stevens and Sons, 1968); A. Silver, 'The Demand for Order in Civil Society', in D. Bordua (ed.), The Police (New York: Wiley, 1967).

8. The Household Words series included Wills's article, 'The Modern Science of Thief-taking', I (1850) 368-72; four articles by Dickens later collected in Reprinted Pieces (1858): 'A Detective Police Party', I (1850) 409-14 and 457-63; 'Three Detective Anecdotes', I (1850) 577-80; 'On Duty with Inspector Field', III (1851) 265-70; 'Down with the Tide', VI (1853) 481-5; one Dickens and Wills collaboration, 'The Metropolitan Protectives', III (1851) 97-105.

9. 'The Police and the Thieves', p. 176. 10. 'The Police System of London', Edinburgh Review, LXXXXVI (1852)

1-32. 11. D. Olsen, 'Victorian London: Specialisation, Segregation and

Privacy', Victorian Studies, XVII (1974) 265-78. 12. Radzinowicz, A History of the English Criminal Law. vol. II, p. 255. 13. Ibid., vol II, p. 259. See also on police hire S. Spitzer and A. Scull,

'Social Control in Historical Perspective: from Private to Public Responses to Crime', in D. Greenberg (ed.), Corrections and Punish­ment (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1977).

14. There are accounts of the case in J. Rhode, The Case of Constance Kent (London: Bles, 1928); D. Browne, The Rise of Scotland Yard (London: Harrap, 1956); Y. Bridges, Saint with Red Hands? (London: Jarrolds, 1954); M. Hartman, Victorian Murderesses (London: Robson Books, 1985). Rhode and Browne follow Whicher's line, Bridges and Hartman both suggest that Constance confessed to protect the real murderer, her father.

166 Domestic Crime in the Victorian Novel

15. 'The Road Murder', Saturday Review, XIX (1865) 495-6. 16. 'The Road Child Murder', Annual Register (1860) 100--1. 17. Quoted in R. Altick, Victorian Studies in Scarlet (London: Dent, 1970)

p. 131. 18. 'Some Wild Ideas', Household Words, XIX (1859) 50~ 10. See also on

contemporary worries about the dangers of giving working-class men authority C. Steedman, Policing the Victorian Community (London: Routledge, 1984).

19. F. Stephen, 'The Criminal Law and the Detection of Crime', Cornhill Magazine, II (1860) 697-708. For discussion of earlier nineteenth­century arguments that more undetected crime was an acceptable price to pay for freedom from police surveillance see D. Phillips, 'A New Engine of Power and Authority', in V. Gatrell, B. Lenman and G. Parker (eds), Crime and the Law: The Social History of Crime in Western Europe since 1500 (London: Europa, 1980).

20. See Browne, The Rise of Scotland Yard; Rhode, The Case of Constance Kent; G. Dilnot, Scotland Yard (London: Bles, 1929); D. Woodruff, The Tichborne Claimant (London: Hollis and Carter, 1959).

21. 'Murder Will Out', Saturday Review, XIX (1865) 496-7. 22. 'Can You Condemn Her?', Saturday Review, XIX (1865) 591-2. 23. M. Braddon, Aurora Floyd, vol. II (Leipzig: Tauchnitz, 1863) ch. 19. 24. Mrs H. Wood, Mrs Halliburton's Troubles (London: Macmillan, 1907)

pt III, ch. 2. 25. W. Collins, The Moonstone (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982)

pt I, ch. 8. 26. M. Braddon, Henry Dunbar, vol. II (Leipzig: Tauchnitz, 1864) ch. 13. 27. A. K. Green, The Leavenworth Case (New York: Dover, 1981) ch. 14. 28. For a discussion of the limits of police competence in mid-Victorian

fiction see I. Ousby, Bloodhounds of Heaven (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976).

29. F. Stephen, 'Detectives in Fiction and in Real Life', Saturday Review, XVII (1864) 712-13.

30. G. Grella, 'Murder and Manners: the Formal Detective Novel', Novel, IV (1970) 30--48.

31. T. Hardy, Desperate Remedies (London: Macmillan, 1975) ch. 19. 32. H. de Balzac, A Gondreville Mystery, trans. E. Marriage (London:

Dent, 1898) ch. 1. The passage is discussed by D. A. Miller, 'The Novel and the Police', Glyph, VIII (1981) 127-47.

33. C. Dickens, Our Mutual Friend (London: Oxford University Press, 1952) bk IV, ch. 12.

34. The incident is discussed in E. Johnson, Dickens: His Tragedy and Triumph, vol. II (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1952) p. 940.

35. C. Dickens, Bleak House (London: Oxford University Press, 1948) ch. 56.

36. A. Trollope, He Knew He Was Right (London: Oxford University Press, 1963) ch. 28.

37. Oliphant, 'Novels', 1863, p. 169. 38. E. Gaskell, North and South (London: Dent, 1967) ch. 34. For a

166 Domestic Crime in the Victorian Novel

15. 'The Road Murder', Saturday Review, XIX (1865) 495-6. 16. 'The Road Child Murder', Annual Register (1860) 100--1. 17. Quoted in R. Altick, Victorian Studies in Scarlet (London: Dent, 1970)

p. 131. 18. 'Some Wild Ideas', Household Words, XIX (1859) 50~ 10. See also on

contemporary worries about the dangers of giving working-class men authority C. Steedman, Policing the Victorian Community (London: Routledge, 1984).

19. F. Stephen, 'The Criminal Law and the Detection of Crime', Cornhill Magazine, II (1860) 697-708. For discussion of earlier nineteenth­century arguments that more undetected crime was an acceptable price to pay for freedom from police surveillance see D. Phillips, 'A New Engine of Power and Authority', in V. Gatrell, B. Lenman and G. Parker (eds), Crime and the Law: The Social History of Crime in Western Europe since 1500 (London: Europa, 1980).

20. See Browne, The Rise of Scotland Yard; Rhode, The Case of Constance Kent; G. Dilnot, Scotland Yard (London: Bles, 1929); D. Woodruff, The Tichborne Claimant (London: Hollis and Carter, 1959).

21. 'Murder Will Out', Saturday Review, XIX (1865) 496-7. 22. 'Can You Condemn Her?', Saturday Review, XIX (1865) 591-2. 23. M. Braddon, Aurora Floyd, vol. II (Leipzig: Tauchnitz, 1863) ch. 19. 24. Mrs H. Wood, Mrs Halliburton's Troubles (London: Macmillan, 1907)

pt III, ch. 2. 25. W. Collins, The Moonstone (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982)

pt I, ch. 8. 26. M. Braddon, Henry Dunbar, vol. II (Leipzig: Tauchnitz, 1864) ch. 13. 27. A. K. Green, The Leavenworth Case (New York: Dover, 1981) ch. 14. 28. For a discussion of the limits of police competence in mid-Victorian

fiction see I. Ousby, Bloodhounds of Heaven (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976).

29. F. Stephen, 'Detectives in Fiction and in Real Life', Saturday Review, XVII (1864) 712-13.

30. G. Grella, 'Murder and Manners: the Formal Detective Novel', Novel, IV (1970) 30--48.

31. T. Hardy, Desperate Remedies (London: Macmillan, 1975) ch. 19. 32. H. de Balzac, A Gondreville Mystery, trans. E. Marriage (London:

Dent, 1898) ch. 1. The passage is discussed by D. A. Miller, 'The Novel and the Police', Glyph, VIII (1981) 127-47.

33. C. Dickens, Our Mutual Friend (London: Oxford University Press, 1952) bk IV, ch. 12.

34. The incident is discussed in E. Johnson, Dickens: His Tragedy and Triumph, vol. II (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1952) p. 940.

35. C. Dickens, Bleak House (London: Oxford University Press, 1948) ch. 56.

36. A. Trollope, He Knew He Was Right (London: Oxford University Press, 1963) ch. 28.

37. Oliphant, 'Novels', 1863, p. 169. 38. E. Gaskell, North and South (London: Dent, 1967) ch. 34. For a

Notes and References 167

discussion of this episode see P. N. Furbank, 'Mendacity in Mrs Gaskell', Encounter, xxxx (1973) 51-5.

39. The George Eliot Letters, vol. II, pp. 360, 362-3. 40. 'Murder Will Out', Saturday Review (1865). 41. For discussion of Victorian ideas about mental disturbance in

adolescent females see Hartman, Victorian Murderesses; E. Showalter, The Female Malady (London: Virago, 1987); D. Gorham, The Victorian Girl and the Feminine Ideal (London: Croom Helm, 1982).

42. For public reaction to the Smith case see M. Hartman, 'Madeleine Smith: Murder for Respectability', Victorian Studies, XVI (1973) 381-400.

43. W. Collins, Armadale (New York: Dover, 1977) bk IV, ch. 15. 44. A. Trollope, The Eustace Diamonds (Harmondsworth, Middx.:

Penguin, 1969) ch. 57. 45. W. Collins, 'The Biter Bit' in The Queen of Hearts (London: Smith,

Elder, 1865).

Notes to Chapter 3: Household Spies: Servants and Crime 1. L. Stone and J. F. Stone, An Open Elite? England 1540-1880 (Oxford:

Clarendon Press, 1984) p. 348. 2. Sir A. Conan Doyle, 'The Musgrave Ritual', The Sherlock Holmes Short

Stories (London: John Murray, 1943). For a discussion of this story which suggests that, in discovering the long-lost Royalist treasure, the butler is seen to reactivate the political issues of the Civil War see P. Brooks, Reading for the Plot (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984).

3. 'Housekeeping', Cornhill Magazine, XXIX (1874) 67-79. The other arti­cles in the series were 'On the Side of the Maids', XXIX (1874) 298-307; 'On the Side of the Mistresses', XXIX (1874) 459-68; 'Maids of All Work and Blue Books', xxx (1874) 281-96.

4. L. Davidoff, 'Mastered for Life: Servant and Wife in Victorian and Edwardian England', Journal of Social History, VII (1974) 406-28. Dick­ens's treatment of the contradictions between paternalism and the free market in the predicament of the Victorian servant is discussed in N. N. Feltes, ' "The Greatest Plague in Life": Dickens, Masters and Servants', Literature and History, IV (1978) 197-213.

5. Hobsbawm, The Age of Capital, p. 278. 6. Davidoff, 'Mastered for Life', p. 417. 7. J. F. C. Harrison, Early Victorian Britain 1832-51, (London: Fontana,

1981) p. 137. 8. 'Keeping up Appearances', Cornhill Magazine, IV (1861) 305-18. 9. L. Davidoff and C. Hall, 'The Architecture of Public and Private

Life', in D. Fraser and A. Sutcliffe (eds), The Pursuit of Urban History (London: Edward Arnold, 1983) pp. 326-45.

10. M. Girouard, Life in the English Country House (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1978) p. 285.

11. T. McBride, The Domestic Revolution (London: Croom Helm, 1981) p.67.

12. Olsen, 'Victorian London', p. 271.

Notes and References 167

discussion of this episode see P. N. Furbank, 'Mendacity in Mrs Gaskell', Encounter, xxxx (1973) 51-5.

39. The George Eliot Letters, vol. II, pp. 360, 362-3. 40. 'Murder Will Out', Saturday Review (1865). 41. For discussion of Victorian ideas about mental disturbance in

adolescent females see Hartman, Victorian Murderesses; E. Showalter, The Female Malady (London: Virago, 1987); D. Gorham, The Victorian Girl and the Feminine Ideal (London: Croom Helm, 1982).

42. For public reaction to the Smith case see M. Hartman, 'Madeleine Smith: Murder for Respectability', Victorian Studies, XVI (1973) 381-400.

43. W. Collins, Armadale (New York: Dover, 1977) bk IV, ch. 15. 44. A. Trollope, The Eustace Diamonds (Harmondsworth, Middx.:

Penguin, 1969) ch. 57. 45. W. Collins, 'The Biter Bit' in The Queen of Hearts (London: Smith,

Elder, 1865).

Notes to Chapter 3: Household Spies: Servants and Crime 1. L. Stone and J. F. Stone, An Open Elite? England 1540-1880 (Oxford:

Clarendon Press, 1984) p. 348. 2. Sir A. Conan Doyle, 'The Musgrave Ritual', The Sherlock Holmes Short

Stories (London: John Murray, 1943). For a discussion of this story which suggests that, in discovering the long-lost Royalist treasure, the butler is seen to reactivate the political issues of the Civil War see P. Brooks, Reading for the Plot (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984).

3. 'Housekeeping', Cornhill Magazine, XXIX (1874) 67-79. The other arti­cles in the series were 'On the Side of the Maids', XXIX (1874) 298-307; 'On the Side of the Mistresses', XXIX (1874) 459-68; 'Maids of All Work and Blue Books', xxx (1874) 281-96.

4. L. Davidoff, 'Mastered for Life: Servant and Wife in Victorian and Edwardian England', Journal of Social History, VII (1974) 406-28. Dick­ens's treatment of the contradictions between paternalism and the free market in the predicament of the Victorian servant is discussed in N. N. Feltes, ' "The Greatest Plague in Life": Dickens, Masters and Servants', Literature and History, IV (1978) 197-213.

5. Hobsbawm, The Age of Capital, p. 278. 6. Davidoff, 'Mastered for Life', p. 417. 7. J. F. C. Harrison, Early Victorian Britain 1832-51, (London: Fontana,

1981) p. 137. 8. 'Keeping up Appearances', Cornhill Magazine, IV (1861) 305-18. 9. L. Davidoff and C. Hall, 'The Architecture of Public and Private

Life', in D. Fraser and A. Sutcliffe (eds), The Pursuit of Urban History (London: Edward Arnold, 1983) pp. 326-45.

10. M. Girouard, Life in the English Country House (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1978) p. 285.

11. T. McBride, The Domestic Revolution (London: Croom Helm, 1981) p.67.

12. Olsen, 'Victorian London', p. 271.

168 Domestic Crime in the Victorian Novel

13. Girouard, Life in the English Country House, p. 285. 14. P. N. Furbank, Unholy Pleasures (Oxford: Oxford University Press,

1985) p. 117. 15. W. M. Thackeray, 'On a Chalk-Mark on the Door', Roundabout Papers

(London: Smith, Elder, 1876) pp. 113-14. 16. H. Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, vol. IV (London:

Griffin, 1861) pp. 234-5 17. D. Hudson (ed.), Munby, Man of Two Worlds (London: John Murray,

1972) p. 147. 18. W. M. Thackeray, Pendennis, vol. II (London: Smith, Elder, 1875) ch.

29. 19. C. Dickens, David Copperfield (London: Macmillan, 1911) ch. 21. 20. 'Old and New Servants', All The Year Round, XVIII (1867) 79-83. 21. G. Eliot, Felix Holt (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980) ch. 34. 22. T. Hardy, The Hand of Ethelberta (London: Macmillan, 1975) ch. 28. 23. E. Gaskell, 'Right at Last', in Cousin Phillis and Other Tales (London:

Smith, Elder, 1906). 24. E. Gaskell, 'The Grey Woman', in Cousin Phillis and Other Tales, pt

1. 25. E. Gaskell, 'A Dark Night's Work', in Cousin Phillis and Other Tales,

ch.8. 26. C. Yonge, The Trial (London: Macmillan, 1868) ch. 13. 27. C. Dickens, Little Dorrit (London: Dent, 1914) bk II, ch. 25. 28. O. Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Grey (London: Oxford University

Press, 1974) ch. 10. 29. R. Sennett, The Fall of Public Man (London: Faber, 1986) p. 169. On

the new interest in detection by appearances see also W. Benjamin, Charles Baudelaire, trans. H. Zohn (London: Verso, 1983) pp. 40--52.

30. C. Dickens, 'A Curious Dance Around a Curious Tree', Household Words, IV (1852) 385--9.

31. M. Braddon, Lady Audley's Secret (New York: Dover, 1974) ch. 15. 32. Welsh, George Eliot and Blackmail, p. 22. 33. H. James, The American, rev. ed (London: John Lehmann, 1949) ch.

21. 34. W. Collins, The Dead Secret (New York: Peter Collier, n. d.) ch. 1. 35. W. Collins, Man and Wife (London: Chatto and Windus, 1890) ch.

26. 36. Altick, Victorian Studies in Scarlet, p. 220. 37. Reported in The Times, 13 November 1861, in The Illustrated London

News, 16 November 1861, and in Punch, 30 November 1861. 38. Munby, Man of Two Worlds, p. 110.

Notes to Chapter 4: Nurses' Stories: Servant Interpreters 1. R. Kipling, 'The Brushwood Boy', in The Day's Work (London:

Macmillan, 1898). 2. C. Dickens, 'Nurse's Stories', in The Uncommercial Traveller (London:

Oxford University Press, 1958).

168 Domestic Crime in the Victorian Novel

13. Girouard, Life in the English Country House, p. 285. 14. P. N. Furbank, Unholy Pleasures (Oxford: Oxford University Press,

1985) p. 117. 15. W. M. Thackeray, 'On a Chalk-Mark on the Door', Roundabout Papers

(London: Smith, Elder, 1876) pp. 113-14. 16. H. Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, vol. IV (London:

Griffin, 1861) pp. 234-5 17. D. Hudson (ed.), Munby, Man of Two Worlds (London: John Murray,

1972) p. 147. 18. W. M. Thackeray, Pendennis, vol. II (London: Smith, Elder, 1875) ch.

29. 19. C. Dickens, David Copperfield (London: Macmillan, 1911) ch. 21. 20. 'Old and New Servants', All The Year Round, XVIII (1867) 79-83. 21. G. Eliot, Felix Holt (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980) ch. 34. 22. T. Hardy, The Hand of Ethelberta (London: Macmillan, 1975) ch. 28. 23. E. Gaskell, 'Right at Last', in Cousin Phillis and Other Tales (London:

Smith, Elder, 1906). 24. E. Gaskell, 'The Grey Woman', in Cousin Phillis and Other Tales, pt

1. 25. E. Gaskell, 'A Dark Night's Work', in Cousin Phillis and Other Tales,

ch.8. 26. C. Yonge, The Trial (London: Macmillan, 1868) ch. 13. 27. C. Dickens, Little Dorrit (London: Dent, 1914) bk II, ch. 25. 28. O. Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Grey (London: Oxford University

Press, 1974) ch. 10. 29. R. Sennett, The Fall of Public Man (London: Faber, 1986) p. 169. On

the new interest in detection by appearances see also W. Benjamin, Charles Baudelaire, trans. H. Zohn (London: Verso, 1983) pp. 40--52.

30. C. Dickens, 'A Curious Dance Around a Curious Tree', Household Words, IV (1852) 385--9.

31. M. Braddon, Lady Audley's Secret (New York: Dover, 1974) ch. 15. 32. Welsh, George Eliot and Blackmail, p. 22. 33. H. James, The American, rev. ed (London: John Lehmann, 1949) ch.

21. 34. W. Collins, The Dead Secret (New York: Peter Collier, n. d.) ch. 1. 35. W. Collins, Man and Wife (London: Chatto and Windus, 1890) ch.

26. 36. Altick, Victorian Studies in Scarlet, p. 220. 37. Reported in The Times, 13 November 1861, in The Illustrated London

News, 16 November 1861, and in Punch, 30 November 1861. 38. Munby, Man of Two Worlds, p. 110.

Notes to Chapter 4: Nurses' Stories: Servant Interpreters 1. R. Kipling, 'The Brushwood Boy', in The Day's Work (London:

Macmillan, 1898). 2. C. Dickens, 'Nurse's Stories', in The Uncommercial Traveller (London:

Oxford University Press, 1958).

Notes and References 169

3. A. Strindberg, The Son of a Servant, trans. E. Sprinchorn (London: Cape, 1967) ch. 1.

4. A. Strindberg, A Madman's Defence, trans. E. Schleussner and E. Sprinchorn (London: Cape, 1968) pt IV, ch. 1.

5. C. Darwin, The Descent of Man (London: John Murray, 1901) p. 858. 6. S. Freud, The Origins of Psycho-analysis, trans. E. Mosbacher and J.

Strachey (London: Imago, 1954) pp. 219-20. 7. J. Gallop, Feminism and Psycho-analysis: The Daughter'S Seduction

(London: Macmillan, 1982) pp. 141, 144. See Freud, 'Fragment of an Analysis in a Case of Hysteria', in J. Strachey (ed.), Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. VII (London: Hogarth Press, 1953).

8. Gallop, Feminism and Psycho-analysis, p. 147. 9. M. Jacobus, Reading Women: Essays in Feminist Criticism (London:

Methuen, 1986) pp. 192-3. On the role of servants in Freud's case­work see also P. Stallybrass and A. White, 'Below Stairs: the Maid and the Family Romance', in The Politics and Poetics of Transgression (London: Methuen, 1986).

10. Davidoff, 'Mastered for Life', p. 413. 11. T. McBride, 'As the Twig is Bent: the Victorian Nanny', in A. Wohl

(ed.), The Victorian Family: Structure and Stresses (London: Croom Helm, 1978) p. 52.

12. J. Donzelot, The Policing of Families, trans. R. Hurley (London: Hutch­inson, 1980) pp. 19-22.

13. W. Collins, 'The Unknown Public', in My Miscellanies (New York: Peter Collier, n.d.) p. 157.

14. P. Brooks, The Melodramatic Imagination (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1976) p. xi.

15. W. P. Frith, My Autobiography and Reminiscences (London: Bentley, 1890) p. 476.

16. See L. James, 'The Trouble with Betsy: Periodicals and the Common Reader in Mid-Nineteenth-Century England', in J. Shattock and M. Wolff (eds), The Victorian Periodical Press: Samples and Soundings (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1982) pp. 349-66.

17. Tillotson, 'The Lighter Reading of the 1860s', p. ix. 18. R. Altick, Evil Encounters: Two Victorian Sensations (London: John

Murray, 1987) p. 153. 19. P. Brantlinger, 'What is "Sensational" about the "Sensation

Novel"?', Nineteenth Century Fiction, XXXVII (1982) 1-28. 20. J. Swift, Directions to Servants and Miscellaneous Pieces (Oxford:

Blackwell, 1959) pp. 60-1. 21. For discussion of the association of servants with pollution see L.

Davidoff, 'Class and Gender in Victorian England', in J. Newton, M. Ryan and J. Walkowitz (eds), Sex and Class in Women's History (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983).

22. J. G. Lockhart, The Life of Scott, vol. I (Edinburgh: Constable, 1902) pp. 16, 113.

23. P. Fitzgerald, Memoirs of an Author (London: Bentley, 1894) quoted in K. R9binson, Wilkie Collins (London: Bodley Head, 1951) p. 101.

Notes and References 169

3. A. Strindberg, The Son of a Servant, trans. E. Sprinchorn (London: Cape, 1967) ch. 1.

4. A. Strindberg, A Madman's Defence, trans. E. Schleussner and E. Sprinchorn (London: Cape, 1968) pt IV, ch. 1.

5. C. Darwin, The Descent of Man (London: John Murray, 1901) p. 858. 6. S. Freud, The Origins of Psycho-analysis, trans. E. Mosbacher and J.

Strachey (London: Imago, 1954) pp. 219-20. 7. J. Gallop, Feminism and Psycho-analysis: The Daughter'S Seduction

(London: Macmillan, 1982) pp. 141, 144. See Freud, 'Fragment of an Analysis in a Case of Hysteria', in J. Strachey (ed.), Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. VII (London: Hogarth Press, 1953).

8. Gallop, Feminism and Psycho-analysis, p. 147. 9. M. Jacobus, Reading Women: Essays in Feminist Criticism (London:

Methuen, 1986) pp. 192-3. On the role of servants in Freud's case­work see also P. Stallybrass and A. White, 'Below Stairs: the Maid and the Family Romance', in The Politics and Poetics of Transgression (London: Methuen, 1986).

10. Davidoff, 'Mastered for Life', p. 413. 11. T. McBride, 'As the Twig is Bent: the Victorian Nanny', in A. Wohl

(ed.), The Victorian Family: Structure and Stresses (London: Croom Helm, 1978) p. 52.

12. J. Donzelot, The Policing of Families, trans. R. Hurley (London: Hutch­inson, 1980) pp. 19-22.

13. W. Collins, 'The Unknown Public', in My Miscellanies (New York: Peter Collier, n.d.) p. 157.

14. P. Brooks, The Melodramatic Imagination (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1976) p. xi.

15. W. P. Frith, My Autobiography and Reminiscences (London: Bentley, 1890) p. 476.

16. See L. James, 'The Trouble with Betsy: Periodicals and the Common Reader in Mid-Nineteenth-Century England', in J. Shattock and M. Wolff (eds), The Victorian Periodical Press: Samples and Soundings (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1982) pp. 349-66.

17. Tillotson, 'The Lighter Reading of the 1860s', p. ix. 18. R. Altick, Evil Encounters: Two Victorian Sensations (London: John

Murray, 1987) p. 153. 19. P. Brantlinger, 'What is "Sensational" about the "Sensation

Novel"?', Nineteenth Century Fiction, XXXVII (1982) 1-28. 20. J. Swift, Directions to Servants and Miscellaneous Pieces (Oxford:

Blackwell, 1959) pp. 60-1. 21. For discussion of the association of servants with pollution see L.

Davidoff, 'Class and Gender in Victorian England', in J. Newton, M. Ryan and J. Walkowitz (eds), Sex and Class in Women's History (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983).

22. J. G. Lockhart, The Life of Scott, vol. I (Edinburgh: Constable, 1902) pp. 16, 113.

23. P. Fitzgerald, Memoirs of an Author (London: Bentley, 1894) quoted in K. R9binson, Wilkie Collins (London: Bodley Head, 1951) p. 101.

170 Domestic Crime in the Victorian Novel

24. W. Collins, The Woman in White (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1969) pt II, ch. 11. For a discussion of a comparable attempt in The Moonstone to shield the hero from complicity in the villain's death see S. Lonoff, Wilkie Collins and his Readers: A Study in the Rhetoric of Authorship (New York: AMS Press, 1982) p. 125.

25. H. Mansel, 'Sensation Novels', Quarterley Review, CXIII (1863) 481-514.

26. Garrett, The Victorian Multipiot Novel, p. 74. 27. R. Maxwell, 'Dickens's Omniscience', English Literary History, XXXXVI

(1979) 280-313. 28. Brooks, The Melodramatic Imagination, p. 157. 29. H. James, The American (New York: Signet, 1963) ch. 22. References

in the text, unless otherwise specified, are to this edition which follows the first English edition of 1879.

30. M. Oliphant, 'Novels', p. 168. 31. See the dramatised version of The American in L. Edel (ed.), The

Complete Plays of Henry James (London: Hart-Davis, 1949). 32. Brooks, The Melodramatic Imagination, p. xii. 33. T. Todorov, The Poetics of Prose, trans. R. Howard (Oxford: Blackwell,

1977) p. 175. 34. H. James, The Figure in the Carpet (London: Secker, 1919) ch. 7. 35. S. Kappeler, Writing and Reading in Henry James (London: Macmillan,

1980) p. 56.

Notes to Chapter 5: The Fiend in the House 1. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda (Harmondsworth, Middx.: Penguin, 1967)

ch.6. 2. Hughes, The Maniac in the Cellar, p. 45. 3. E. Bulwer Lytton, Lucretia (London: Routledge, 1874) pt I, Epilogue. 4. Welsh, George Eliot and Blackmail, p. 272. 5. Ruskin, 'Of Queens' Gardens', pp. 122, 141, 122- 1.23. 6. A. Trollope, Orley Farm, vol. I (Oxford: Oxford University Press,

1985) ch. 2. 7. W. Collins, Basil (New York: Dover, 1980) pt 1, ch. 10. 8. Mansel, 'Sensation Novels', p. 489. 9. Hobsbawm, The Age of Capital, p. 281.

10. Ibid. 11. N. Armstrong, 'The Rise of Female Authority in the Novel', Novel,

xv (1982) 127-45. 12. 1. Beeton, Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management (London: Chan­

cellor Press, 1982) p. 1. 13. Ruskin, 'Of Queens' Gardens', p. 125. 14. Oliphant, 'Novels', p. 163. For discussion of the significance of the

theme of adultery in the European novel see T. Tanner, Adultery in the Novel (Baltimore Md.: Johns Hopkins Press, 1979) p. 4.

15. Mansel, 'Sensation Novels', p. 489. 16. 'Household Crimes', Household Words, IV (1851) 277- 81.

170 Domestic Crime in the Victorian Novel

24. W. Collins, The Woman in White (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1969) pt II, ch. 11. For a discussion of a comparable attempt in The Moonstone to shield the hero from complicity in the villain's death see S. Lonoff, Wilkie Collins and his Readers: A Study in the Rhetoric of Authorship (New York: AMS Press, 1982) p. 125.

25. H. Mansel, 'Sensation Novels', Quarterley Review, CXIII (1863) 481-514.

26. Garrett, The Victorian Multipiot Novel, p. 74. 27. R. Maxwell, 'Dickens's Omniscience', English Literary History, XXXXVI

(1979) 280-313. 28. Brooks, The Melodramatic Imagination, p. 157. 29. H. James, The American (New York: Signet, 1963) ch. 22. References

in the text, unless otherwise specified, are to this edition which follows the first English edition of 1879.

30. M. Oliphant, 'Novels', p. 168. 31. See the dramatised version of The American in L. Edel (ed.), The

Complete Plays of Henry James (London: Hart-Davis, 1949). 32. Brooks, The Melodramatic Imagination, p. xii. 33. T. Todorov, The Poetics of Prose, trans. R. Howard (Oxford: Blackwell,

1977) p. 175. 34. H. James, The Figure in the Carpet (London: Secker, 1919) ch. 7. 35. S. Kappeler, Writing and Reading in Henry James (London: Macmillan,

1980) p. 56.

Notes to Chapter 5: The Fiend in the House 1. G. Eliot, Daniel Deronda (Harmondsworth, Middx.: Penguin, 1967)

ch.6. 2. Hughes, The Maniac in the Cellar, p. 45. 3. E. Bulwer Lytton, Lucretia (London: Routledge, 1874) pt I, Epilogue. 4. Welsh, George Eliot and Blackmail, p. 272. 5. Ruskin, 'Of Queens' Gardens', pp. 122, 141, 122- 1.23. 6. A. Trollope, Orley Farm, vol. I (Oxford: Oxford University Press,

1985) ch. 2. 7. W. Collins, Basil (New York: Dover, 1980) pt 1, ch. 10. 8. Mansel, 'Sensation Novels', p. 489. 9. Hobsbawm, The Age of Capital, p. 281.

10. Ibid. 11. N. Armstrong, 'The Rise of Female Authority in the Novel', Novel,

xv (1982) 127-45. 12. 1. Beeton, Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management (London: Chan­

cellor Press, 1982) p. 1. 13. Ruskin, 'Of Queens' Gardens', p. 125. 14. Oliphant, 'Novels', p. 163. For discussion of the significance of the

theme of adultery in the European novel see T. Tanner, Adultery in the Novel (Baltimore Md.: Johns Hopkins Press, 1979) p. 4.

15. Mansel, 'Sensation Novels', p. 489. 16. 'Household Crimes', Household Words, IV (1851) 277- 81.

Notes and References 171

17. W. M. Thackeray, 'On a Medal of George the Fourth', in The Round­about Papers (London: Smith, Elder, 1876) pp. 357-8.

18. E. Showalter, A Literature of their Own (London: Virago, 1984) p. 163. 19. For a discussion of the sensational interpolations in Salem Chapel see

P. Brooker, P. Stigant and P. Widdowson, 'History and "Literary Value": Adam Bede and Salem Chapel', in P. Humm, P. Stigant and P. Widdowson (eds), Popular Fiction: Essays in Literature and History (London: Methuen, 1986).

20. G. Eliot, 'The Lifted Veil', in Silas Marner, The Lifted Veil, Brother Jacob (London: Blackwood, 1878) ch. 1.

21. S. Gilbert and S. Gubar, The Madwoman in the Attic (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1984) p. 463.

22. Ibid., p. 465. 23. G. Beer, 'Middlemarch and "The Lifted Veil" " in I. Adam (ed.), This

Particular Web: Essays on Middlemarch (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1975) p. 96.

24. The George Eliot Letters, vol. III, p. 164. 25. For discussion of the advantages attributed to fear in Daniel Deronda

see E. Shaffer, Kubla Khan and the Fall of Jerusalem (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975) and G. Beer, Darwin's Plots (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983).

26. The George Eliot Letters, vol. IV, p. 310 and vol. VI, p. 345. For a discussion of Eliot's possible debt to Braddon see C. Heywood, 'A Source for Middlemarch: Miss Braddon's The Doctor's Wife and Madame Bovary', Revue de Literature Comparee, XXXXIV (1970) 184-94.

27. J. Wilt, Ghosts of the Gothic: Austen, Eliot and Lawrence (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1980) p. 120.

28. Welsh, George Eliot and Blackmail, p. 283. 29. C. Christ, 'Aggression and Providential Death in George Eliot's

Fiction', Novel, IX (1976) 130-40.

Notes to Chapter 6: Behind the Veil: Women in Court 1. Hartman, Victorian Murderesses, p. 84. 2. G. W. M. Reynolds, The Mysteries of London, vol. I (London: Dicks,

1846) ch. 33. 3. F. Heidensohn, Women and Crime (London: Macmillan, 1985) p. 88. 4. Hartman, Victorian Murderesses, p. 84. 5. P. Lubbock (ed.), The Letters of Henry James, vol. II (London:

Macmillan, 1920) p. 386. 6. Gilbert and Gubar, The Madwoman in the Attic, p. 474. 7. A. Kinglake, Eothen (London: Dent, 1943) ch. 8. 8. For a discussion of the influence of an earlier scene in The Heart of

Midlothian, the encounter between the sisters in prison, see M. Meisel, Realisations (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983) pp.283-302.

9. W. Scott, The Heart of Midlothian (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982) ch. 23.

10. W. Scott, Ivanhoe (New York: Signet, 1962) ch. 37.

Notes and References 171

17. W. M. Thackeray, 'On a Medal of George the Fourth', in The Round­about Papers (London: Smith, Elder, 1876) pp. 357-8.

18. E. Showalter, A Literature of their Own (London: Virago, 1984) p. 163. 19. For a discussion of the sensational interpolations in Salem Chapel see

P. Brooker, P. Stigant and P. Widdowson, 'History and "Literary Value": Adam Bede and Salem Chapel', in P. Humm, P. Stigant and P. Widdowson (eds), Popular Fiction: Essays in Literature and History (London: Methuen, 1986).

20. G. Eliot, 'The Lifted Veil', in Silas Marner, The Lifted Veil, Brother Jacob (London: Blackwood, 1878) ch. 1.

21. S. Gilbert and S. Gubar, The Madwoman in the Attic (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1984) p. 463.

22. Ibid., p. 465. 23. G. Beer, 'Middlemarch and "The Lifted Veil" " in I. Adam (ed.), This

Particular Web: Essays on Middlemarch (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1975) p. 96.

24. The George Eliot Letters, vol. III, p. 164. 25. For discussion of the advantages attributed to fear in Daniel Deronda

see E. Shaffer, Kubla Khan and the Fall of Jerusalem (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975) and G. Beer, Darwin's Plots (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983).

26. The George Eliot Letters, vol. IV, p. 310 and vol. VI, p. 345. For a discussion of Eliot's possible debt to Braddon see C. Heywood, 'A Source for Middlemarch: Miss Braddon's The Doctor's Wife and Madame Bovary', Revue de Literature Comparee, XXXXIV (1970) 184-94.

27. J. Wilt, Ghosts of the Gothic: Austen, Eliot and Lawrence (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1980) p. 120.

28. Welsh, George Eliot and Blackmail, p. 283. 29. C. Christ, 'Aggression and Providential Death in George Eliot's

Fiction', Novel, IX (1976) 130-40.

Notes to Chapter 6: Behind the Veil: Women in Court 1. Hartman, Victorian Murderesses, p. 84. 2. G. W. M. Reynolds, The Mysteries of London, vol. I (London: Dicks,

1846) ch. 33. 3. F. Heidensohn, Women and Crime (London: Macmillan, 1985) p. 88. 4. Hartman, Victorian Murderesses, p. 84. 5. P. Lubbock (ed.), The Letters of Henry James, vol. II (London:

Macmillan, 1920) p. 386. 6. Gilbert and Gubar, The Madwoman in the Attic, p. 474. 7. A. Kinglake, Eothen (London: Dent, 1943) ch. 8. 8. For a discussion of the influence of an earlier scene in The Heart of

Midlothian, the encounter between the sisters in prison, see M. Meisel, Realisations (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983) pp.283-302.

9. W. Scott, The Heart of Midlothian (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982) ch. 23.

10. W. Scott, Ivanhoe (New York: Signet, 1962) ch. 37.

172 Domestic Crime in the Victorian Novel

11. R. Haggard, She (London: Octopus, 1979) ch. 14. 12. For a discussion of the frequent identification of truth as fidelity in

English fictional heroines see A. Welsh, 'The Allegory of Truth in English Fiction', Victorian Studies, IX (1965) 7-28.

13. For a discussion of the 'alternative mode of knowledge' She is seen to represent see J. Goode, 'Women and the Literary Text', in J. Mitchell and A. Oakley (eds), The Rights and Wrongs of Women (Harmondsworth, Middx.: Penguin, 1976).

14. E. Moers, Literary Women (New York: Doubleday, 1976) p. 183. 15. S. Graver, George Eliot and Community (Berkeley, Calif.: University of

California Press, 1984) p. 144. 16. For a discussion of Esther's intervention as Eliot's strategy to contain

the potentially disturbing implications of Felix's radicalism see R. B. Yeazell, 'Why Political Novels Have Heroines', Novel, XVIII (1985) 126-44.

17. N. Auerbach, Romantic Imprisonment (New York: Columbia Univer­sity Press, 1986) p. 260.

18. Oliphant, 'Novels', p. 169. 19. E. Gaskell, 'The Crooked Branch', in Cousin Phillis and Other Tales

(London: Smith, Elder, 1906). 20. E. Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (London: Dent, 1960)

p.74. 21. C. Reade, Griffith Gaunt (Boston, Mass. and New York: Colonial

Press, 1895) ch. 42. 22. See Hughes, The Maniac in the Cellar, p. 69. The plot of Griffith Gaunt

itself closely resembles that of a short story by Reade's friend, Collins, 'A Plot in Private Life', collected in The Queen of Hearts (1859).

23. A. Trollope, Phineas Redux (London: Oxford University Press, 1973) ch.68.

24. Letters of Henry James, vol. II, p. 386. 25. A. Bennett, Whom God Hath Joined (Leipzig: Tauchnitz, 1907) ch. 9.

Note,s to Chapter 7: The Dear Old Homesteads Exposed 1. Harrison, Early Victorian Britain, p. 131. 2. L. Davidoff, J. L'Esperance and H. Newby, 'Landscape with Figures:

Home and Community in English Society', in J. Mitchell and A. Oakley (eds), The Rights and Wrongs of Women (Harmondsworth, Middx,: Penguin, 1976) pp. 152-3.

3. F. Moretti, Signs Taken for Wonders (London: Verso, 1983). 4. C. Belsey, Critical Practice (London: Methuen, 1985) p. 114.

172 Domestic Crime in the Victorian Novel

11. R. Haggard, She (London: Octopus, 1979) ch. 14. 12. For a discussion of the frequent identification of truth as fidelity in

English fictional heroines see A. Welsh, 'The Allegory of Truth in English Fiction', Victorian Studies, IX (1965) 7-28.

13. For a discussion of the 'alternative mode of knowledge' She is seen to represent see J. Goode, 'Women and the Literary Text', in J. Mitchell and A. Oakley (eds), The Rights and Wrongs of Women (Harmondsworth, Middx.: Penguin, 1976).

14. E. Moers, Literary Women (New York: Doubleday, 1976) p. 183. 15. S. Graver, George Eliot and Community (Berkeley, Calif.: University of

California Press, 1984) p. 144. 16. For a discussion of Esther's intervention as Eliot's strategy to contain

the potentially disturbing implications of Felix's radicalism see R. B. Yeazell, 'Why Political Novels Have Heroines', Novel, XVIII (1985) 126-44.

17. N. Auerbach, Romantic Imprisonment (New York: Columbia Univer­sity Press, 1986) p. 260.

18. Oliphant, 'Novels', p. 169. 19. E. Gaskell, 'The Crooked Branch', in Cousin Phillis and Other Tales

(London: Smith, Elder, 1906). 20. E. Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (London: Dent, 1960)

p.74. 21. C. Reade, Griffith Gaunt (Boston, Mass. and New York: Colonial

Press, 1895) ch. 42. 22. See Hughes, The Maniac in the Cellar, p. 69. The plot of Griffith Gaunt

itself closely resembles that of a short story by Reade's friend, Collins, 'A Plot in Private Life', collected in The Queen of Hearts (1859).

23. A. Trollope, Phineas Redux (London: Oxford University Press, 1973) ch.68.

24. Letters of Henry James, vol. II, p. 386. 25. A. Bennett, Whom God Hath Joined (Leipzig: Tauchnitz, 1907) ch. 9.

Note,s to Chapter 7: The Dear Old Homesteads Exposed 1. Harrison, Early Victorian Britain, p. 131. 2. L. Davidoff, J. L'Esperance and H. Newby, 'Landscape with Figures:

Home and Community in English Society', in J. Mitchell and A. Oakley (eds), The Rights and Wrongs of Women (Harmondsworth, Middx,: Penguin, 1976) pp. 152-3.

3. F. Moretti, Signs Taken for Wonders (London: Verso, 1983). 4. C. Belsey, Critical Practice (London: Methuen, 1985) p. 114.

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Unattributed, 'Old and New Servants', All The Year Round, XVIII (1867) 79-83.

Unattributed, 'The Road Child Murder', Annual Register (1860) 100-1. Unattributed, 'Keeping up Appearances', Cornhill Magazine, IV (1861)

305-18. Unattributed, 'Housekeeping', Cornhill Magazine, XXIX (1874) 67-79. Unattributed, 'On the Side of the Maids', Cornhill Magazine, XXIX (1874)

298-307. Unattributed, 'On the Side of the Mistresses', Cornhill Magazine, XXIX

(1874) 459-68. Unattributed, 'Maids of All Work and Blue Books', Cornhill Magazine, xxx

(1874) 281-96. Unattributed, 'The Police System of London', Edinburgh Review, LXXXXVI

(1852) 1-32. Unattributed, 'Household Crimes', Household Words, IV (1851) 277-81. Unattributed, 'Some Wild Ideas', Household Words, XIX (1859) 505-10. Unattributed, 'The Police and the Thieves', Quarterly Review, LXXXXIX

(1856) 160-200. Unattributed, 'The Road Murder', Saturday Review, XIX (1865) 495-6. Unattributed, 'Murder Will Out', Saturday Review, XIX (1865) 496-7. Unattributed, 'Can You Condemn Her?' Saturday Review, XIX (1865) 591-2. Welsh, A., 'The Allegory of Truth in English Fiction', Victorian Studies, IX

(1965) 7-28. --, George Eliot and Blackmail (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University

Press, 1985). Wills, W. H., 'The Modern Science of Thief-taking', Household Words, I

(1850) 368-72. Wilt, J., Ghosts of the Gothic: Austen, Eliot and Lawrence (Princeton, N.J.:

Princeton University Press, 1980). Woodruff, D., The Tichborne Claimant (London: Hollis and Carter, 1959). Yeazell, R. B., 'Why Political Novels Have Heroines', Novel, XVIII (1985)

126-44.

Index

Altick, Richard, 67, 77, 131 Asmodeus, 4-5, 44, 99-100, 110,

115, 158, 163 Auerbach, Nina, 140 Austen, Jane, 138

Persuasion, 138

Balzac, Honore de, 16, 31, 92-3, 95 Une Tenebreuse Affaire, 31

Bartlett, Adelaide, 109, 133 Beer, Gillian, 122 Beeton, Isabella, 107 Belsey, Catherine, 159 Bennett, Arnold, 133, 153-5, 157

Whom God Hath Joined, 133, 153-5

Blackwood, John, 38-9 Bloom, Harold, 76 Bluebeard, 70, 98, 101, 124-5,

127-9 Bowyer, Sir George, 22 Braddon, Mary, 2, 12,25-9,32,35,

37, 40, 42-3, 45, 61-2, 64, 67, 77, 97, 101, 104-10, 114-16, 121, 123-6, 160-2

Aurora Floyd, 25-7, 32, 37, 40, 42, 45, 61-2, 67, 161

Henry Dunbar, 27-9, 32, 35, 37, 42, 161

Lady Audley's Secret, 40, 42, 64, 77, 97, 101, 104-9, 112, 114-16, 121, 124-6, 128, 160-2

Rough Justice, 161 Brantlinger, Patrick, 77-8 Bronte, Emily, 79-80, 95

Wuthering Heights, 79-80, 95 Brooks, Peter, 76, 91

Bulwer-Lytton, Sir Edward, 97, 110, 114, 116, 125

Lucretia, 97, 110, 114, 125, 161 Burke, Edmund, 147 Butler, Samuel, 157

Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de, 70 Don Quixote, 70

Christ, Carol, 127 Cixous, Helene, 74 Collins, Wilkie, 2, 9, 12, 19, 22,

26-9, 32, 40-4, 53, 57-9, 63, 65-6, 76-7, 80-7, 97, 100-6, 124-6, 160-2

Armadale, 29, 40-2, 57 Basil, 97, 101-6, 126 'The Biter Bit', 43-4 The Dead Secret, 65, 81, 83 Man and Wife, 66, 86-7 The Moonstone, 19, 26-9, 32,

40-3, 57-8, 63, 65-6, 84-6, 160, 162

'Mr Policeman and Mrs Cook', 26,53

No Name, 57 'The Unknown Public', 76 The Woman in White, 59, 77, 83-4,

100, 104, 124-5, 161 Courvoisier, Fran~oise, 67

Darwin, Charles, 72 The Descent of Man, 72

Davidoff, Leonore, 48, 156 Defoe, Daniel, 46, 70-1

Robinson Crusoe, 70-1 Roxana, 46

Dickens, Charles, 2, 4-5, 7, 9, 12, 16-17, 20, 22, 29, 32-3, 43,

180

Index

Altick, Richard, 67, 77, 131 Asmodeus, 4-5, 44, 99-100, 110,

115, 158, 163 Auerbach, Nina, 140 Austen, Jane, 138

Persuasion, 138

Balzac, Honore de, 16, 31, 92-3, 95 Une Tenebreuse Affaire, 31

Bartlett, Adelaide, 109, 133 Beer, Gillian, 122 Beeton, Isabella, 107 Belsey, Catherine, 159 Bennett, Arnold, 133, 153-5, 157

Whom God Hath Joined, 133, 153-5

Blackwood, John, 38-9 Bloom, Harold, 76 Bluebeard, 70, 98, 101, 124-5,

127-9 Bowyer, Sir George, 22 Braddon, Mary, 2, 12,25-9,32,35,

37, 40, 42-3, 45, 61-2, 64, 67, 77, 97, 101, 104-10, 114-16, 121, 123-6, 160-2

Aurora Floyd, 25-7, 32, 37, 40, 42, 45, 61-2, 67, 161

Henry Dunbar, 27-9, 32, 35, 37, 42, 161

Lady Audley's Secret, 40, 42, 64, 77, 97, 101, 104-9, 112, 114-16, 121, 124-6, 128, 160-2

Rough Justice, 161 Brantlinger, Patrick, 77-8 Bronte, Emily, 79-80, 95

Wuthering Heights, 79-80, 95 Brooks, Peter, 76, 91

Bulwer-Lytton, Sir Edward, 97, 110, 114, 116, 125

Lucretia, 97, 110, 114, 125, 161 Burke, Edmund, 147 Butler, Samuel, 157

Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de, 70 Don Quixote, 70

Christ, Carol, 127 Cixous, Helene, 74 Collins, Wilkie, 2, 9, 12, 19, 22,

26-9, 32, 40-4, 53, 57-9, 63, 65-6, 76-7, 80-7, 97, 100-6, 124-6, 160-2

Armadale, 29, 40-2, 57 Basil, 97, 101-6, 126 'The Biter Bit', 43-4 The Dead Secret, 65, 81, 83 Man and Wife, 66, 86-7 The Moonstone, 19, 26-9, 32,

40-3, 57-8, 63, 65-6, 84-6, 160, 162

'Mr Policeman and Mrs Cook', 26,53

No Name, 57 'The Unknown Public', 76 The Woman in White, 59, 77, 83-4,

100, 104, 124-5, 161 Courvoisier, Fran~oise, 67

Darwin, Charles, 72 The Descent of Man, 72

Davidoff, Leonore, 48, 156 Defoe, Daniel, 46, 70-1

Robinson Crusoe, 70-1 Roxana, 46

Dickens, Charles, 2, 4-5, 7, 9, 12, 16-17, 20, 22, 29, 32-3, 43,

180

Index 181

48, 55-9, 60-4, 67, 70-4, 77, 80-1, 87-90, 105, 108, 114, 161

American Notes, 4 Bleak House, 32, 57-8, 63, 67, 87,

108, 161 David Copperfield, 48, 55-6, 58-9,

61, 87, 105, 108 Dombey and Son, 4 Great Expectations, 77 Hard Times, 62 Little Dorrit, 62-3, 87-90, 108,

114 'Nurse's Stories', 9, 70-4, 81, 87,

89-90 Oliver Twist, 2 'On Duty with Inspector Field',

17,32 Our Mutual Friend, 29, 32-3

Donzelot, Jacques, 76 Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, 1, 46-7,

52, 54, 63, 158-63 'The Copper Beeches', 161-2 'The Musgrave Ritual', 46-7, 52,

54,63, 160 'Wisteria Lodge', 52

Dumas, Alexandre, 116 Les Trois Mousquetaires, 116

Eliot, George, 2, 5, 9, 38, 56-8, 62, 80,96-9,103,108,115,120-30, 133, 136-43, 147-8, 150-1

Adam Bede, 38, 137 Daniel Deronda, 9, 96-9, 103, 115,

123-9 Felix HoIt, 56-8, 130, 133,

136-43, 148, 150-1 'The Lifted Veil', 57, 80, 97, 108,

115, 120-4, 128-9 The Mill on the Floss, 62 'Mr Gilfil's Love-story', 128

Field, Inspector Charles, 17, 20, 32 Fitzgerald, Percy, 80 Forster, Edward Morgan, 157 Freud, Sigmund, 73-4 Furbank, Philip N., 51

Gallop, Jane, 73-4

Galsworthy, John, 157 Garrett, Peter, 87 Gaskell, Elizabeth, 12, 14, 29,

34-8, 42-3, 58-61, 80, 133, 136-7, 141-4, 151

'The Crooked Branch', 142 'A Dark Night's Work', 59-61 'The Grey Woman', 59 Mary Barton, 14, 37, 42-3, 133,

136-7, 141-4, 151 North and South, 29, 35, 37, 43,

141 'The Old Nurse's Story', 80 'Right At Last', 58

Gilbert, Sandra, 121-2, 134 Gilbert, William 5., 29, 150

A Sensation Novel in Three Acts, 29

Trial by Jury, 150 Girouard, Mark, 51 Godwin, William, 46, 80

Caleb Williams, 46, 80 Gough, Elizabeth, 19-20, 22, 26, 76 Graver, Suzanne, 139 Green, Anna, 28

The Leavenworth Case, 28 Grella, George, 30 Gubar, Susan, 121-2, 134

Haggard, Sir H. Rider, 138 She, 138

Hardy, Thomas, 31, 47-8, 58, 67-8 Desperate Remedies, 31 Far from the Madding Crowd, 47 The Hand of EtheIberta, 47-8, 58,

67-8 Harrison, John F. c., 156 Hartman, Mary, 131-2 Heidensohn, Frances, 132 Henderson, Colonel Edmund, 42 Hobsbawm, Eric, 3, 49 Hugo, Victor, 31

Les Miserables, 31

Jacobus, Mary, 74 James, Henry, 64, 90-5, 132-3,

153, 158 The American, 64, 90-5, 158 'The Figure in the Carpet', 93-4

Index 181

48, 55-9, 60-4, 67, 70-4, 77, 80-1, 87-90, 105, 108, 114, 161

American Notes, 4 Bleak House, 32, 57-8, 63, 67, 87,

108, 161 David Copperfield, 48, 55-6, 58-9,

61, 87, 105, 108 Dombey and Son, 4 Great Expectations, 77 Hard Times, 62 Little Dorrit, 62-3, 87-90, 108,

114 'Nurse's Stories', 9, 70-4, 81, 87,

89-90 Oliver Twist, 2 'On Duty with Inspector Field',

17,32 Our Mutual Friend, 29, 32-3

Donzelot, Jacques, 76 Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, 1, 46-7,

52, 54, 63, 158-63 'The Copper Beeches', 161-2 'The Musgrave Ritual', 46-7, 52,

54,63, 160 'Wisteria Lodge', 52

Dumas, Alexandre, 116 Les Trois Mousquetaires, 116

Eliot, George, 2, 5, 9, 38, 56-8, 62, 80,96-9,103,108,115,120-30, 133, 136-43, 147-8, 150-1

Adam Bede, 38, 137 Daniel Deronda, 9, 96-9, 103, 115,

123-9 Felix HoIt, 56-8, 130, 133,

136-43, 148, 150-1 'The Lifted Veil', 57, 80, 97, 108,

115, 120-4, 128-9 The Mill on the Floss, 62 'Mr Gilfil's Love-story', 128

Field, Inspector Charles, 17, 20, 32 Fitzgerald, Percy, 80 Forster, Edward Morgan, 157 Freud, Sigmund, 73-4 Furbank, Philip N., 51

Gallop, Jane, 73-4

Galsworthy, John, 157 Garrett, Peter, 87 Gaskell, Elizabeth, 12, 14, 29,

34-8, 42-3, 58-61, 80, 133, 136-7, 141-4, 151

'The Crooked Branch', 142 'A Dark Night's Work', 59-61 'The Grey Woman', 59 Mary Barton, 14, 37, 42-3, 133,

136-7, 141-4, 151 North and South, 29, 35, 37, 43,

141 'The Old Nurse's Story', 80 'Right At Last', 58

Gilbert, Sandra, 121-2, 134 Gilbert, William 5., 29, 150

A Sensation Novel in Three Acts, 29

Trial by Jury, 150 Girouard, Mark, 51 Godwin, William, 46, 80

Caleb Williams, 46, 80 Gough, Elizabeth, 19-20, 22, 26, 76 Graver, Suzanne, 139 Green, Anna, 28

The Leavenworth Case, 28 Grella, George, 30 Gubar, Susan, 121-2, 134

Haggard, Sir H. Rider, 138 She, 138

Hardy, Thomas, 31, 47-8, 58, 67-8 Desperate Remedies, 31 Far from the Madding Crowd, 47 The Hand of EtheIberta, 47-8, 58,

67-8 Harrison, John F. c., 156 Hartman, Mary, 131-2 Heidensohn, Frances, 132 Henderson, Colonel Edmund, 42 Hobsbawm, Eric, 3, 49 Hugo, Victor, 31

Les Miserables, 31

Jacobus, Mary, 74 James, Henry, 64, 90-5, 132-3,

153, 158 The American, 64, 90-5, 158 'The Figure in the Carpet', 93-4

182 Index

Kappeler, Susanne, 94 Kent, Constance, 19-21, 23-4, 26,

38-40, 109, 133 Kent, Samuel, 20, 22, 26 Kerr, Robert, 45 King, Francis, 22 Kinglake, Alexander, 134

Eothen, 134 Kipling, Rudyard, 69, 72-3

'Baa, Baa, Black Sheep', 73 'The Brushwood Boy', 69, 72

Lefanu, Sheridan, 100 Uncle Silas, 100

Le Sage, Alain-Rene, 4 Le Diable Boiteux, 4 Gil Blas, 70

L'Esperance, Jean, 156 Lewes, George Henry, 38

Manning, Maria, 16, 20-1, 33, 67 Mansel, Dean Henry, 14, 38-9, 86,

104, 109 Marie Antoinette, 147 Maxwell, Richard, 90 Maybrick, Florence, 24 Mayhew, Henry, 53 McBride, Theresa, 50 Miller, David A., 31 Miller, Joseph Hillis,S Moers, Ellen, 138 Moretti, Franco, 159 Munby, Arthur, 53, 67

Newall, Mary, 67 Newby, Howard, 156

Oliphant, Margaret, 12-15, 25, 29, 34-5, 39, 42-3, 93, 109, 115-21, 124, 141

Salem Chapel, 12-15, 25, 29, 39, 42, 115-21, 124

Olsen, Donald, 18 Orwell, George, 1, 3

Palmer, Dr William, 30, 38 Peel, Sir Robert, 15 Perrault, Charles, 70 Popay, Sergeant, 15

Reade, Charles, 133, 149-52 Griffith Gaunt, 133, 149-52 Hard Cash, 150

Reynolds, George W. M., 132 The Mysteries of London, 132

Richardson, Samuel, 80 Pamela, 80

Road Murder, the, 7, 19-26, 28-9, 76

Rowan, Colonel Charles, 15 Ruskin, John, 3, 99-100, 108, 118

'Of Queens' Gardens', 3, 99-100, 108, 118

Scott, Sir Walter, 35, 80, 135-6, 138, 141-2, 149

The Antiquary, 80 The Heart of Midlothian, 35,

135-6, 141-2 Ivanhoe, 136

Sennett, Richard, 63 Shaw, George Bernard, 157 Showalter, Elaine, 2, 5, 116 Smith, Madeleine, 21, 38-40, 109,

131-3, 153 Stanhope, Lady Hester, 134 Stephen, Fitzjames, 23-4, 29-30,

157 Stephen, Leslie, 3, 10, 14, 157 Stone, Jeanne Fawtier, 45 Stone, Laurence, 45 Strindberg, August, 71-3

A Madman's Defence, 72 The Son of a Servant, 71

Swift, Jonathan, 78 Directions to Servants, 78

Ternan, Ellen, 32 Thackeray, William Makepeace,S,

48, 52-6, 98, 110 Lovel the Widower, 54 The Newcomes, 54, 98 'On a Chalk-mark on the Door',

52 'On a Medal of George the

Fourth', 110 Pendennis, 48, 54-6 Vanity Fair, 54

Tichborne Claimant, the, 24

182 Index

Kappeler, Susanne, 94 Kent, Constance, 19-21, 23-4, 26,

38-40, 109, 133 Kent, Samuel, 20, 22, 26 Kerr, Robert, 45 King, Francis, 22 Kinglake, Alexander, 134

Eothen, 134 Kipling, Rudyard, 69, 72-3

'Baa, Baa, Black Sheep', 73 'The Brushwood Boy', 69, 72

Lefanu, Sheridan, 100 Uncle Silas, 100

Le Sage, Alain-Rene, 4 Le Diable Boiteux, 4 Gil Blas, 70

L'Esperance, Jean, 156 Lewes, George Henry, 38

Manning, Maria, 16, 20-1, 33, 67 Mansel, Dean Henry, 14, 38-9, 86,

104, 109 Marie Antoinette, 147 Maxwell, Richard, 90 Maybrick, Florence, 24 Mayhew, Henry, 53 McBride, Theresa, 50 Miller, David A., 31 Miller, Joseph Hillis,S Moers, Ellen, 138 Moretti, Franco, 159 Munby, Arthur, 53, 67

Newall, Mary, 67 Newby, Howard, 156

Oliphant, Margaret, 12-15, 25, 29, 34-5, 39, 42-3, 93, 109, 115-21, 124, 141

Salem Chapel, 12-15, 25, 29, 39, 42, 115-21, 124

Olsen, Donald, 18 Orwell, George, 1, 3

Palmer, Dr William, 30, 38 Peel, Sir Robert, 15 Perrault, Charles, 70 Popay, Sergeant, 15

Reade, Charles, 133, 149-52 Griffith Gaunt, 133, 149-52 Hard Cash, 150

Reynolds, George W. M., 132 The Mysteries of London, 132

Richardson, Samuel, 80 Pamela, 80

Road Murder, the, 7, 19-26, 28-9, 76

Rowan, Colonel Charles, 15 Ruskin, John, 3, 99-100, 108, 118

'Of Queens' Gardens', 3, 99-100, 108, 118

Scott, Sir Walter, 35, 80, 135-6, 138, 141-2, 149

The Antiquary, 80 The Heart of Midlothian, 35,

135-6, 141-2 Ivanhoe, 136

Sennett, Richard, 63 Shaw, George Bernard, 157 Showalter, Elaine, 2, 5, 116 Smith, Madeleine, 21, 38-40, 109,

131-3, 153 Stanhope, Lady Hester, 134 Stephen, Fitzjames, 23-4, 29-30,

157 Stephen, Leslie, 3, 10, 14, 157 Stone, Jeanne Fawtier, 45 Stone, Laurence, 45 Strindberg, August, 71-3

A Madman's Defence, 72 The Son of a Servant, 71

Swift, Jonathan, 78 Directions to Servants, 78

Ternan, Ellen, 32 Thackeray, William Makepeace,S,

48, 52-6, 98, 110 Lovel the Widower, 54 The Newcomes, 54, 98 'On a Chalk-mark on the Door',

52 'On a Medal of George the

Fourth', 110 Pendennis, 48, 54-6 Vanity Fair, 54

Tichborne Claimant, the, 24

Index 183

Tillotson, Kathleen, 2, 77 Todorov, Tzvetan, 93 Trollope, Anthony, 2, 12, 29, 34,

40-3, 97, 102, 111-14, 126, 133, 137, 140, 144, 146-52

The Eustace Diamonds, 40-2, 126, 133, 137, 148-9

He Knew He Was Right, 29, 34, 42 Orley Farm, 42, 97, 102, 111-14,

133, 137, 144-9, 151 Phineas Redux, 152

Vidocq, Franc;ois-Eugene, 16, 31

Wagner, Reverend Arthur, 24 Waters, Thomas, 17 Webster, Kate, 67 Wells, Henry George, 157 Welsh, Alexander, 4, 98, 127 West, Rebecca, 24

Whicher, Inspector Jonathan, 19-28, 31, 38

Wilde, Oscar, 63 The Picture of Dorian Grey, 63

Wills, William Henry, 16, 19-20, 26,31-2

Wilt, Judith, 125 Wodehouse, P. G., 54 Wood, Mrs Henry, 25, 31, 42, 64,

77, 133, 143-4 East Lynne, 64, 77 Mrs Halliburton's Troubles, 25, 31,

42, 133, 143 Woolf, Virginia, 10, 157

Yonge, Charlotte, 62 The Trial, 62

Zajic, Monika, 73-4

Index 183

Tillotson, Kathleen, 2, 77 Todorov, Tzvetan, 93 Trollope, Anthony, 2, 12, 29, 34,

40-3, 97, 102, 111-14, 126, 133, 137, 140, 144, 146-52

The Eustace Diamonds, 40-2, 126, 133, 137, 148-9

He Knew He Was Right, 29, 34, 42 Orley Farm, 42, 97, 102, 111-14,

133, 137, 144-9, 151 Phineas Redux, 152

Vidocq, Franc;ois-Eugene, 16, 31

Wagner, Reverend Arthur, 24 Waters, Thomas, 17 Webster, Kate, 67 Wells, Henry George, 157 Welsh, Alexander, 4, 98, 127 West, Rebecca, 24

Whicher, Inspector Jonathan, 19-28, 31, 38

Wilde, Oscar, 63 The Picture of Dorian Grey, 63

Wills, William Henry, 16, 19-20, 26,31-2

Wilt, Judith, 125 Wodehouse, P. G., 54 Wood, Mrs Henry, 25, 31, 42, 64,

77, 133, 143-4 East Lynne, 64, 77 Mrs Halliburton's Troubles, 25, 31,

42, 133, 143 Woolf, Virginia, 10, 157

Yonge, Charlotte, 62 The Trial, 62

Zajic, Monika, 73-4