NOTES 3.5: CELL PARTS

Pages 74, 77-85, 87-90

The Parts of the Cell

Organelles

--Structure within a cell that performs a certain function

Organelles Found in Both Animal and Plant Cells

1. The Nucleus--Controls the cell--Where DNA is found--Surrounded by a nuclear envelope/membrane

2. The Nucleolus--Site where DNA is concentrated to makeribosomal RNA

3. Endoplasmic Reticulum --Has two parts

--Rough ER•Interconnected flattened sacs•Makes phospholipids and proteins, moves supplies around cell

•Studded with ribosomes

•Smooth ER•Lacks ribosomes•Builds lipids, moves supplies around cell

FIGURE 4.10A

4. Golgi Apparatus

--Flattened stacks of membranes

--Sorts, packages, labels, and modifies proteins and lipids from ER

--Releases molecules in vesicles

5. Cytoskeleton

--Has many structures

--Network of tubes and filaments

--Gives the cell structure and supportEx: Cilia and Flagella (aid in movement)

6. Ribosomes

--Located on the rough ER and in cytoplasm

--Site of protein synthesis

--Ribosomes are made by the nucleolus

7. Peroxisomes-- Break down alcohol--Neutralize free radicals

8. Vacuole-- Mainly storage (water and sugar)

9. Mitochondria --Converts sugar into cellular energy (ATP)--Contains its own DNA

--singular is “mitochondrion”--“power house” of the cell

FIGURE 4.17

Organelles Found ONLY in Plant Cells

10. Chloroplast

--Converts light energy to carbohydrates

--Has stacks of thylakoids

--Has its own DNA

11. Central Vacuole --Stores water, waste products, and nutrients

--Maintains hydrostatic pressure

12. Cell Wall

--Lies outside the plasma membrane

--Contains cellulose

--Gives structure and support

Organelles Found ONLY in Animal Cells

13. Centrioles--Aid in cellular division

14. Lysosomes

--vesicles used to digest waste

--recycle old cell parts and kills bacteria

--contain degrading enzymes (to "lyse" means to dissolve)

TAY-SACHS disease – missing an enzyme of the lysosomes that breaks down a fatty substance. Over time this fat builds up in the brain and nervous tissue, smothering the cells. Results in degeneration and death.