note by the seeretary-general : a · berlin , may 26th , 19 28. to the se ere tary-general. ( trans...
TRANSCRIPT
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.V ‘ \PROTECTION OF MINORITIES IK Up PBR S IL E S IA ,
v T y '.-vOF THE POLISH MII'IORITY
' TN riWP'TûMIN G5R:.14N UPPEUPPER S IL E S IA .
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n o te b y th e S e e r e t a r y - G e n e r a l V " . ____ ____________ _____________________ : A
.- •' z , V V fIn document û, 812.1928-..I-. tho Seoretary-General
, / V X *had the honour to oiroulato £cr 1;ks consideration of thg
^ ~V ■ < S V ^ "Counoil & telegram d&ta^ôçril 2nd --L̂ d a letter dated
. StiA p r i l 3 r d , 19 28 , r e l a t i n ^ t o th e . s i t u a t i o n o f th e P o l i :
m i n o r i t y i n Gorman U p p e r S i le s i ^ t ' , ' and a d d re s s e d d i r e c t l y
t o t h o C o u n o i l b y th e S i l e s i a n S e c t i o n o f t h e A s s o c ia t i o n o
P o le s i n Germany i n v i r t u e o f A r t i c l e 147 o f t h e Germano-
P o l i s h C o n v e n t io n o f May 1 5 t h , 1922 , r e l a t i n g t o U pp e r
S i l e s i a .
Tho S e c r e t a r y - G e n e r a l has now th e h o n o u r t o
c i r c u l a t e f o r t h e c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f th e C o u n c i l , a l o t t o r
d a to d May 2 6 th , 1928 , w i t h t h r e e a n n e x e s , f r o m th e German
M i n i s t r y f o r F o r e i g n A f f a i r s , c o n t a i n i n g th e o b s e r v a t i o n s
o f t h e German G overnm en t on t h i s q u e s t i o n .
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN ABEAIRS
I V . Po. 4 2 8 0 /1 1 . .
BERLIN , May 26th , 19 28.
t o the Se e re t a r y - G e n e r a l .
( Trans l a t i o n ) .
S i r ,
I n r e p l y t o y o u r l e t t e r o f th e 1 7 th i n s t a n t , u n d e r
c o v e r o f w h i c h y o u f o r w a r d e d t h e p e t i t i o n o f t h e A s s o c i a t i o n
o f P o le s i n G erm any , S e c t i o n I , d a te d A p r i l 3 r d , 19 28, I
h a ve th e h o n o u r t o e n c lo s e a Memorandum d e a l i n g i n d e t a i l
w i t h th e s p e c i f i c a l l e g a t i o n s c o n t a in e d i n t h a t p e t i t i o n .
As you w i l l see f r o m th e Memorandum, the German
a u t h o r i t i e s a r e s t i l l d e a l i n g w i t h th e m a j o r i t y o f the
i n c i d e n t s i n q u e s t i o n . I may t h e r e f o r e ta k e th e o p p o r t u n i t y
o f r e v e r t i n g t o t h i s s u b j e c t a t a l a t e r d a t e .
T h e re i s no j u s t i f i c a t i o n w h a ts o e v e r f o r th e
g e n e r a l s t a t e m e n t c o n t a in e d i n th e c o m p l a in t as t o the
a l l e g e d h i g h l y u n f a v o u r a b le p o s i t i o n o f th e P o l i s h m i n o r i t y
i n German U p p e r S i l e s i a and the e x i s t e n c e o f a r e i g n o f
t e r r o r i n t h a t p r o v i n c e . I t i s no d o u b t t r u e t h a t i n W e s te rn
U p p e r S i l e s i a , as e ls e w h e r e , p u b l i c s e c u r i t y was n o t so
c o m p le te as m ig h t have be e n d e s i r e d d u r i n g th e p e r i o d
i m m o d i a t e l y f o l l o w i n g th e P o l i s h r i s i n g s and th e p l é b i s c i t é .
The P r u s s ia n G overnm ent h a s , h o w e v e r , su cce e d e d i n the i n t e r v a l ,
th a n k s to i t s w is e t r e a t m e n t o f th e s i t u a t i o n and i t s e n e r g e t i c
i n t e r v e n t i o n on the o c c u r r e n c e o f any e x c e s s e s , i n e s t a b l i s h i n g
l e g a l s e c u r i t y , th u s e n a b l i n g members o f the P o l i s h m i n o r i t y i n
German U p p e r S i l e s i a t o p u rs u e t h e i r m a t e r i a l and i n t e l l e c t u a l
v o c a t i o n s as f r e e l y as th e y do i n o t h e r p a r t s o f th e R e i c h .
( S ig n e d ) VON SCHUBERT.
Ad IV - Po- 4 2 8 0 . AIT IE X I ,
W U CM rD W :
W i t h r e g a r d t o th o c h i e f i n c i d e n t m e n t io n e d i n
t h e p e t i t i o n , n a m e ly , th e a t t a c k on M arch 2 5 th i n B e u th c n -
B o s s b e r g , the ju d g m e n t o f the 3 e u th e n C o u r t was g iv e n or.
May 5 t h , The ju d g m e n t , a co p y o f w h i c h i s a n n e x e d ,
e s t a b l i s h e d th e f o l l o w i n g f a c t s :
On th e e v e n in g o f M a rc h 2 5 th c e r t a i n members o f
th o " T r a d i t io n s k o m p a g n ie e h e m a l i g e r Sc-lbs t s c h u t z k a m p f e r
B e u th e n - I J o rd " d i s t u r b e d i n th e r o u g h o s t m anner an e n t e r t a i n
m ent o r g a n i s e d by 'the A s s o c i a t i o n o f P o le s i n B e u th e n - P o s s b e rg ,
They p e n e t r a t e d u n n o t i c e d i n t o th e ro o m , w h ic h was d a rk e n e d
i n o r d e r t o show a f i l m , and a t th e end o f th e l a n t e r n
l e c t u r e p ro c e e d e d t o a s s a u l t t h e o r g a n i s e r s o f th e m e e t in g ,
who w e re s i t t i n g a t th e C o m m it te e t a b l e a T he t h r e e p o l i c e -
o f f i c e r s p r e s e n t w e re , how ever. , a b le to cope w i t h th e
s i t u a t i o n and res-fcure o r d e r a f t e r a fe w m i n u t e s . One o f
th e o f f i c e r s h e ld th o e x i t w i t h h i s r e v o l v e r u n t i l th e
a r r i v a l o f an em ergency d e ta c h m e n t , w h ic h had a t once been
summoned ; i t was t h e r e b y p o s s i b l e to i d e n t i f y t v o n t y - f o u r
o f th e i n t r u d e r s .
One o f th e t w e n t y - f o u r accusBd was a c q u i t t e d and
t w e n t y - t h r e e w e re s e n te n c e d to s e v e re te rm s o f im p r i s o n m e n t ,
a l t h o u g h th e m a j o r i t y p le a d e d t h a t " t h e y haô s u f f e r e d , f r o m
a c t s o f v i o l e n c e c o m m it te d by " I n s u r g e n t s " i n P o l i s h U p p e r
S i l e s i a , e i t h e r i n t h e i r own p e rs o n o r i n th e p e rs o n o f t h e i r
r e l a t i v e s , and t h a t t h e y had I n co nsequ ence had t o f l e e th e
c o u n t r y , t h e r e b y s u f f e r i n g f i n a n c i a l l o s s e s " . On M arch 2 7 th ,
19 28 , im m e d ia t e l y a f t e r the f o r e g o i n g i n c i d e n t , th e
t
- 3 -
" T r a d i t io n s k o m p a g n ie e h e m a l ig e r S e lb s t s d h u t z k a m p f e r
B e u th e n - lT o rd ” was d i s s o l v e d b y o l d e r o f t h o C h i e f C o m m is s io n e r
o f P o l i c e i n G l e i w i t z . M o re o v e r , t h e P r e s i d e n t o f U p p e r
S i l e s i a t o u k a d v a n ta g e o f t h i s i n c i d e n t f o r t h w i t h t o
i s s u e th e an nexed p u b l i c p r o c l a m a t i o n . The p a r t i e s lo d g e d
a p p e a ls a g a i n s t th e v e r d i c t o f th e C o u r t , w h i c h has t h e r e f o r e
n o t y e t a c q u i r e d th e f o r c e o f l a w .
I n r e g a rd t o th e i n c i d e n t s i n M ie c h o w i t z , Kempa,
M a l i n o , S c h o f f s c h t i t z and S a l o r n i a , o f w h i c h m e n t io n i s a l s o
made i n th e c o m p l a in t by t h e A s s o c i a t i o n o f P o le s , e n q u i r i e s
a r o s t i l l b e in g made by t h e P u b l i c P r o s e c u t o r and Hie p o l i c e
a u t h o r i t i e s . P ro c e e d in g s have o n l y b e e n d ro p p e d i n th e case
o f t h e P o p e la u i n c i d e n t , m e n t io n e d a t th e end o f the
c o m p l a i n t , o w ing t o th e f a c t t h a t th e o f f e n d e r c a n n o t be
d i s c o v e r e d . W i t t , the com munal em p loyee ( A m t s d ie n e r )
m e n t io n e d i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h th e i n c i d e n t s i n Kempa h a s b e e n
d i s m i s s e d , and th e s c h o o lm a s t e r L a r i s c h has been t r a n s f e r r e d
t o a p o s t o u t s i d e the p l e b i s c i t e a r e a . F o r the r e s t , th e
i n v e s t i g a t i o n s have n o t so f a r r e v e a le d a s i n g l e i n s t a n c e
i n w h i c h th e p o l i c e o r o t h e r German a u t h o r i t i e s were a t f a u l t .
As r e g a r d s the s t a t e m e n t o c c u r r i n g a t the end o f
t h e p e t i t i o n s u b m i t t e d b y the A s s o c i a t i o n o f P o le s t h a t t h o
s a i d i n c i d e n t s p ro v e th e e x i s t e n c e o f Ma t e r r o r i s t s y s te m o f
P e r s e c u t i o n u n d e r w h ic h th e P o l i s h m i n o r i t y i n German U p p e r
S i l e s i a i s s u f f e r i n g ” , r e f e r e n c e s h o u ld be made t o a s ta te m e n t
by th e w i t n e s s M i c h a l e k , q u o te d i n th e v e r d i c t o f the C o u r t , on
May 5 t h (page 1 2 ) . M i c h a l e k , a s i g n a t o r y o f the p e t i t i o n , s a i l
t h a t " t h e P o l i s h m i n o r i t y i n German U p p e r S i l e s i a f e e l s a b s o l u t e
l y s e c u re and has n o t b e e n m o le s te d f o r s e v e r a l y e a r s ” .
B e r l i n , May 2 6 t h , 19 28.
- 4 -
iv , po .4geo. Mmx i i .
( PSQgTAMATlON.)
On a fe w o c c a s io n s d u r i n g t h e p a s t fe w weeks m e e t in g s
and c e l e b r a t i o n s , e t c , , o f th e P o l i s h - s p e a k i n g m i n o r i t y have been
i n t e r f e r e d w i t h by i r r e s p o n s i b l e p e rs o n s w ho i n s one i n s t a n c e s
h a ve b e e n g u i l t y o f a c t a o f v i o l e n c e and a s s a u l t s on the
p e r s o n o f members o f th e s a i d m i n o r i t y . I d e e p ly r e g r e t
th e s e i n c i d e n t s , n o t o n l y f o r the sake o f th o s e d i r e c t l y
c o n c e rn e d b u t a l s o f o r th e sake o f the S t a t e . I f th e row dy
e le m e n ts o f t h e p o p u l a t i o n a r e u n d e r th e im p r e s s io n t h a t by
s u c h means t h e y a r e d i s p l a y i n g t h e i r p a t r i o t i s m , th e y a ro
d e p l o r a b l y m i s t a k e n . On th e c o n t r a r y , t h e y a r e dam aging t h o
p r e s t i g e o f th e 7/ h o le p o p u l a t i o n o f U p p e r S i l e s i a , i t s
e d u c a t i o n a l r e p u t a t i o n , and th e i n t e r e s t s o f t h e S t a t e . A l l
d e p a r tm e n ts u n d e r my a u t h o r i t y have r e c e i v e d th e a t r i e te s t
o r d e r s t o p r e v e n t such o u t r a g e s by a l l th e means a t t h e i r
d i s p o s a l , and to see t h a t p e rs o n s i n s t i g a t i n g o r t a k i n g p a r t
i n s u c h i n c i d e n t s r e c e i v e due p u n is h m e n t as p r o m p t l y as p o s s i b l e .
I w o u ld r e q u e s t th e w h o le p o p u l a t i o n t o g iv e e f f e c t i v e
s u p p o r t t o th e c o n s t a n t e n d e a v o u rs o f the a u t h o r i t i e s to e n s u re
t r a n q u i l l i t y and o r d e r and th e f r e e e x e r c i s e o f a l l l e g a l r i g h t s .
They w i l l t h e r e b y p ro mo t o t h a t peace among th e p o p u l a t i o n o f
U p p e r S i l e s i a w h ic h i s a l s o an e s s e n t i a l c o n d i t i o n f o r t h e i r
g e n e r a l p r o s p e r i t y *
D r . PROSKE.
P r e s i d e r t o f t h e P r o v in c e o f U p p e r S i l e s i a „
~ 5 ~
Copy e AÎÏNEX I I I .
u )6 J . 1 . 3 1 3 / 2 8 / ( 281 ) .
I n t h e n a m e o f t h e p e o p l e !
C r i m i n a l p r o c e e d in g s a g a i n s t :
( l ) B ia s i n s E_ a n jo__f, f r u i t d e a l e r , o f B e u th o n ,
U p p e r S i l e s i a , h o rn F e b r u a r y 2nd , 1 8 8 4 , i n
B o g u ts c h i l t z ( P o l i s h U p p e r S i l e s i a ) .
( 2 ) H u b e r t M e r t a , t ra m m e r , o f 9 , E a r l s t r «. , B e u th e n ,
U p p e r S i l e s i a , h o rn O c to b e r 2 9 th , 1905»
( 3 ) U l r i c h S t e p h. a n , b u i l d e r r s a p p r e n t i c e , o f
77, P i e k & r e r s t r . , B e u th en , U p p e r S i l e s i a , b o rn
J u l y 1 4 t h , 1 9 0 9 , i n G l e i w i t z ,
( 4 ) E r n s t p a V7 1 a g , b u t c h e r Ts ass i s t a n t , o f 4 ,
Y J i lh e lm s t r » , B e u th e n , Uppe v S i l e s i a , borr .
December 6 t h , 1 9 0 5 , i n S chw i en to oh 1 ov/i t z ( P o l i s h
U p p e r S i l e s i a ) „
( 5 ) G e rh a rd M u 1 1 e r , c l e r k , o f 3 , P e io h s p r a s i d e n t e n -
p l a t z , B e u th o n , U p p e r S i l e s i a , b n rn May 3 0 t h , 1907 ,
. i n B re s la u »
( 6 ) F ra n z W e i s s , m tc h m a n , o f 27, S c h a r l e y e r -
C hau sso e , B e u th e n , U p p e r S i l e s i a , b o rn A p r i l 1 4 t h ,
1 8 6 5 , i n B y b n ik ( P o l i s h U p p e r S i l e s i a ) .
( 7 ) K a r l G o g o l l o k , l a b o u r e r , o f 3 4 , F r i e d r i c h s t r , ,
B e u th e n , U p p e r S i l e s i a , b o r n J a n u a r y 4 t h , 1 9 1 0 ,
i n S ou the rn , U p p e r S i l e s i a ,
( 8 ) Jo se p h S c h w i e r t z , l a b o u r e r , o f 9, B r e i teg t r . ,
B e u th e n , U p p e r S i l e s i a , b o rn ITovomber 2 6 t h , 1 8 9 6 ,
i n L u g n ia n .
(9 )
(10)
fil)
(12)
( 1 3 )
( 1 4 )
(1 5 )
( 1 6 )
( 1 7 )
(1 8 )
( 1 9 )
*. £ T
6 ï ü
E c b e r t S c h 1 1 k » w s k i . l a b o u r e r , o f 7 , S o l g e r s t r . ,
B e u th e n , U p p e r S i l e s i a , t o m June 6t h , 1903 , i n
B e u th e n , U p p e r S i l e s i a .
P a u l K 1 o t z g c h 9 . jo u rn e y m a n t i n s m i t h , o f
21, J ' u s c h a l l i k s t r . , B e u th e n , U p p e r S i l e s i a , b o rn
S e p te m b e r 8 t h , 18 98 , i n D re s d e n .
George G r o 1 1 a , d r i v e r , o f 6 , B e i t z e n s t e i n s t r . ,
B e u th e n , U pp e r S i l e s i a , b o m A p r i l 2n d , 1 8 9 8 , i n
E o n ig s h u t te ( P o l i s h U p p e r S i l e s i a ) .
T h e o do re H a j d u k , l o c k s m i t h , o f B e u th e n , U pper
S i l e s i a , b o m A u g u s t 16 t h , 1905 , i n B e u th e n , U pper
S i l e s i a , r e s i d i n g a t 4 , M a c ie k o w i t z e r w e g .
P a u l A n d r a c z e k . m in in g a p p r e n t i c e , o f 1 1 ,
B i n d e n b u r g s t r . , B e u th e n , U p p e r S i l e s i a , b o rn
Novem ber 3 r d , 1 8 97 , i n O b e r g a lo s e in .
A u g u s t S k l a d n y , c ra n e -m a n , o f 3 a , B o h e n l i n d s r -
C ha u sse e , B e u th e n , U p p e r S i l e s i a , b o rn A u g u s t 3 r d ,
1 9 0 1 , i n Orzogow ( P o l i s h U p p e r S i l e s i a ) .
F e l i x G r o s s , l o c k s m i t h , o f 13a , B y n g o s s t r . , B e u th e n ,
- U p p e r S i l e s i a , b o rn June 2nd, 1 9 0 9 , i n B e u th e n ,
U p p e r S i l e s i a .
W a l t e r P r z y b i l l a , b u i l d e r f s l a b o u r e r , o f
34 , K r a k a u e r s t r . , Beutheaa, U p p e r S i l e s i a , b o rn November
18 t h , 1 9 0 3 , i n B e u th e n , U pp e r S i l e s i a .
A u g u s t H o p p e , f o r e m a n , o f 26, F r i e d r i c h s t r . , B e u th e n ,
U p p e r S i l e s i a , b o m F e b r u a r y 2 3 rd , 1 8 9 3 , i n N e u d o r f .
P a u l E i e w e r t , b u i l d e r Ts l a b o u r e r , o f 2, B a h n h o f s t r . ,
B e u th e n , U pp e r S i l e s i a , b o rn J u l y 3 1 s t , 1 8 95 , i n B r e s la u .
P a u l F a rr. u 1 1 a , d r i v e r , o f 1 9 , F r i e d r i c h s t r . , B e u th e n ,
U p p e r S i l e s i a , b o rn J a n u a ry 1 4 th , 1 9 0 0 , i n K o n ig s h i i t t e
( P o l i s h U p p e r S i l e s i a ) .
(20 ) S t a n i s l a u s K o s m a , hammerman, o f 26 , F r i e d r i c h s t r a s s
B e u th e n , U p p e r S i l e s i a b o r n O c to b e r 30 t h , 1898 ,
i n S c h o p p iq i tz [ P o l i s h U p p e r S i l e s i a ) .
( 2 l ) K a r l K 1 3. n , l a b o u r e r , o f 4 2 , B e rgs t r a s s e ,
B e u th e n , Ujjpe r S i l e s i a , b o rn May 1 9 th , 1906 ,
i n Beuthe;c , U p p e r S i l e s i a ,
(2 2) E t^v in G__a e r t 1 g . c a s u a l l a b o u r e r , 3 , T a r n o w i t z e r s t r
B e u th e n , U p p e r S i l e s i a , b o r n December 7 t h , 1 8 9 8 ,
U yy . ,i n K o n ig s h u t t e ( P o l i s h U pp e r S i l e s i a )0
( 2 3 ) H u b e r t K i e r m a s c h e k , " v o r k m a n o f 74,
3 c h a r 1 3y e r - O h a u s s e e , B e u th e n , U p p e r S i l e s i a ,
b o rn December 1 5 t h , 1 9 0 8 , i n F r i e d e n s h ü t t e
( P o l i s h U p p e r S i l e s i a )0
( 24 ) W i lh e lm Z e n g e r , l a b o u r e r v o f 2 , R o td o rn v /e g ,
B e u th e n , U p p e r S i l e s j a b o r n November 7 t h ,
1908 , i n S c h le s ie n g r u b e ( P o l i s h U p p e r S i l e s i a ) *
On a c c o u n t o f b r e a c h o f th e p u b l i c p e a c e , e t c .
A t i t s m e e t in g o f May 5 t h , 1 9 28 , the C o u r t i n
B e u th e n , U p p e r S i lo s : : a , c o n s i s t i n g o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
H im m l , P r o v i n c i a l and d i s t r i c t M a g i s t r a t e
( l a n d g e r i c n t s d i r e k t c . r u n i A m t s g e r i c h t s r a t )
As P r e s id e n t ;
- 8 -
P e r l , P r o v i n c i a l an d D i s t r i o': M a g i s t r a t e ( l a n d - u n d
Am t s ge r i ch t s r a t )
as s e c on d M a g i a t r a te ;
P l a s c h c z y k , m a s te r s a d d l e r , a n d
Mus c h c l l , c ra n e-man
as ju r y m e n - a s s e s s c rs ;
l a c h m a n n , P_r Be c u : o r
r e p r e s e n t i n g th e PubT.ic P r o s e c u t o r s O f f i c e ;
Ba s e i - , C l e r k to t h e C o u re ,
as N o t a r y o f the C o u r t ,
d e c id e d as f o l l o w s :
F o r b r e a k i n g up a n o n - - v r c h ib i t e i m e e t in g and a ls o
c a u s in g a s e r i o u s "breach o f th e d o m e s t ic and p u b l i c ,
p e a c e , th e f o l l o w i n g w e re s e n te n c e d :
1) H a m p f , to e i g h t m onths 1 im p r is o n m e n t ;
2) M e r t a , S t e p h a n , Ppwlas_, K i i l l e r a n d S k la d n y , each
to s i x m o n th s1 im p r i s o n m e n t ;
3 ) ïï?e i a s , G o g o l l o k , S c h w x e r tz , S ch i l k o w s k i , K lo t z s c h e ,
E a jd u k , A n d r a c z e k , G r o j s , P r z y b i l l a , H o p p e , N i e w e r t ,
F a m u l la , Z o s n a , K l i n , G a j r f. i g , IC ie im a sch e k and 7 e n g e r ,
e ach t o t h r e e m o n th s1 im p r is o n m e n t
The a c c u s e d Gr-V.: ’’ was a c q u i t t e d .
I n th e case o f a c q u i t t a l the c o s t s o f the case s h a l l
be bo rne b y th e S t a t e ; o t h e r w i s e th e c o s t s s h a l l be b o rn e
by t h e g u i l t y p a r t i e s .
OF. OU ED S CP JUDGM3KT
On M arch 2 5 th , 1 9 2 8 , a f t e r a t o r c h l i g h t p r o c e s s i o n ,
a -p u b l ic c e l e b r a t i o n t o o k p la c e i n th e r i f l e c l u b rooms i n
B e u th e n , t o commos.ors. 1b P l e b i s c i t e D ay i n U pp e r S i l e s i a
(M arch 2 0 t h , 1 9 2 1 ) ; members o f th e ” T r a d i t i o n s - k o m p a g n ie
e h e m a l ig e r S e lb s ts c h u t iz k & m p f e r , B e u th e n - N o rd n , t h e Schwarze
S c h a r and t h e Lande s s c h ü t zen - most o f them i n u n i f o r m - t o ok
p a r t , t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e i r f r i e n d s and r e l a t i o n s . P a t r i o t i c
songs were sung and s p e c i a l r e f e r e n c e was made i n th e speechea
t o t h e p l e b i s c i t e p e r i o d and t h e d e c i s i o n a r r i v e d a t i n r e g a r d
t o U p p e r S i l Q S i a .
A t a b cu t 9 .3 0 p .m . a ru m o u r , whosa o r i g i n c a n n o t be
d i s c o v e r e d , began t o c i r c u l a t e i n t h i s e x c i t e d a tm osp he re t o
th e e f f e c t t h a t p r o v 02a t i v e PoÜ i s h songs i n s u l t i n g the German
c o p u l a t i o n w ere b e in g sung at a P o l i s h m e e t in g i n P a w e lc z y k1 s
r corns i n B eu th a n - H o s s b e r g , and t h a t Germans v.era b e in g be a t an .
The members o f th e T r a d i t io n s k o m p a g n ie became w i ld ly
e x c i t e d ; men s h o u te d "We m us t go t o P a w a lc z y k Te , make them
b e ha ve and b r e a k g-p t h e i r m e e t i n g " . A c c o r d i n g l y , soma o f th e
members o f t h e T r a d i t i on skom p a gn ia and o t h a r s p r e s e n t a t tha
c e l a b r a t i o n l a f t the h a l l and m u s te re d i n th e g a rd e n b e lo n g in g
t o the r i f l e b lu b r o o m s , i n o r d a r t o march t o P a w e lc z y k ’ s
p l a c e . O th e r c i v i l i a n s j o i n e d tham on th a w ay . They s to p p e d
a t t h e c h u rc h i n K o s s b e r g , and t h e r e S im o n , a f i t t e r , who was
a l e a d e r o f th e T r a d i t i ons kom pagn ie , i n s t r u c t e d h i s men t o w a i t
w h i l s t he a s c e r t a i n e d w h e t h e r t h e P o l i s h m e e t in g h a i been p e r
m i t t e d b y th a P o l i c e . A f t e r b a in g in f o r m e d a t th e p o l i c e
s t a t i o n con co rned t h a t the m e e t in g had n o t been p r o h i b i t e d , ha
d id n o t r e t u r n t o th e o t h e r s , b u t w a n t home. I n th e m e an t im e
h i s man, u n d v r t h e l e a d e r s h i p o f th a a c c u s e d , H am pf, an o f f i c e r
C f t h e T r a d i t i o n s k o m p a g n ia , had go re t o Pawa l c z / V s rooms ,
- 10 -
t o g e t h e r w i t h th o s e p e r s o n s who had j o i n e d thdm on th e -way.
rthen t h i s besame known i n th e r i f l e c lu b ro o m s > s e v e r a l o t h e r
p e rs o n s r a n t o j o i n th a p r o c e s s i o n , some o f them i n u n i f o r m
end sons i n o r d i n a r y c l o t h e s .
On t h e same e v e n i n g , a t the tirpe t h a t the p l e b i s c i t e
c e l e b r a t i o n t o o k p l a c e , a p a r e n t s ’ e v e n in g i n c o n n e c t io n w i t h
th e P o l i s h young c h i l d r e n ’ s s c h o o l was b e in g h e l d , w i t h t h e
p e rm is s i on o f t be p o l i c e , i n Pawe l c z y k Ts rooms ; a b o u t 200 p e o p le
were p r e s e n t , m o s t l y c h i l d r e n and women, w i t h a s m a l l number o f
men « The m e e t in g b e ga n w i t h a sp eech by t h e C ha irm an o f the
P o l i s h S c h o o l A s s o c i a t i o n , the w i t n e s s D r . M i c h a l e k . A f t e r w a r d s
th e re was a p e r fo rm a n c e b y the c h i l d r e n . P o l i s h son^ o f a n o n -
o o l i t i c a l c h a r a c t e r ware s u n g , and a f t e r an i n t e r v a l , D r . O r m i c k i ,
one o f t h e w i t n e s s e s i n the c a s e , a U n i v e r s i t y a s s i s t a n t f r o m
Cracow , gave a l a n t e r n l e c t u r e on a j o u r n e y t o J e r u s a le m . B e fo r e
the end o f t h e l e c t u r e a l a r g e num ber o f th a a u d ie n c e had a l r e a d y
l e f t th e ro o m .
J u s t b e f o r e th e end tihe c row d w h ic h had come f ro m th e
r i f l e c lu b roctns f o r c e d i t s way i n t o th e d a rk e n e d h a l l , u n d e r th a
l e a d e r s h i p o f th e a c c u s e d , H a m p f. T h e y d i s t r i b u t e d th e m s e lv e s ,
a c c o rd in g t o p l a n , down b o th s id e s o f t h e h a l l and i n th e m i d d l e ,
so t h a t , u n d e r c o v e r o f t h e d a rk n e s s , t h e y were a b le t o re a ch th e
C om m it tee t a b l e . Tha accused wero amongst th e s e i n t r u d e r s .
When tho l i g h t s were t u r n e d up a g a in a t th e end o f t h e
la n t e r n l e c t u r e and D r . M i c h a l e k was a b o u t t o c lo e a th e m e e t in g
w i t h a s p e e c h , th e C o m m it te e t a b l e v'e.s a l r e a d y s u r ro u n d e d b y the
i n t r u d e r s . The a c c u s e d , H am p f, was t h e f i r s t t o r e s o r t t o v i o l e n c e ,
g i v i n g D r . M i c h a le k a bo n on th e e a r s . A t th e same t i n e , the m ob,
w h ic h had f o r c e d i t s v;ay i n , be ga n t o hr'.t a b o u t a t th e P o l i s h
a u d ie n c e w i t h t h e i r f i s t s , c h a i r s , t o r c h s t i c k s and r u b b e r b a t o n s ,
s h o u t i n g ; "G e t o u t you P o l i s h s w in e , you P o l i s h sows, o u t w i t h y o u ,
now we a re g o in g t o p u t t h i n g s r i g h t ” . The m os t s e r io u s i n j u r i e s
~ 11 -
w ere s u s t a i n e d "by D r . M i c h a l e k , Rack , a m in e r , and D r . C r a i c k i ,
U n i v e r s i t y a s s i s t a n t , each o f vfcom r e c e i v e d a deep head wound .
D r . M i c h a le k had a wœnd abou t f o u r c e n t im e t r e e lo n g
on th e r i g h t s i d e o f h i s h e e d ; D r . O r m ic k i had one s h o u t f i v e
c e n t i m e t r e s lo n g & t t h e h a c k o f h i s h e a d , and Rack a l s o had a
he ad-w ound ah ou t t h r e e c e n t i m e t r e s long,, A l l t h e s e wounds "bled
p r o f u s e l y , th e s k i n b e in g c u t t o t h e bone . I n a d d i t i o n t o th e s e
w ounds, D r . 2 n d l i c h , who was c a l l e d i n , n o te d l a s s s e r io u s c u ts
on t h e i r f a c e s , f o r e h e a d s and l i p s .
D r . J o s e f M i c h a le k l o s t c o n s c io u s n e s s as t h e r e s u l t o f
h i s i n j u r i e s , and had t o be c a r r i e d b u t o f t h a ro om . B e rn h a rd Rack
t r i e d t o e sca pe a n d , i n d o in g s o , r e c e i v e d tw o b lo w s o f such
v i o l e n c e t h a t he f e l l t o th e g r o u n d . He w as a g a in s t r u c k w i t h a
c h a i r w h i l s t l y i n g on th e g r o u n d , and i t was o n ly w i t h g r e a t
d i f f i c u l t y t h a t h i s w i f e was a b le to h e lp h im o u t o f t h e r o o m .
I n a d d i t i o n , th e w i t n e s s e s G o ra c k a , ~ a r t h a Made j a , M a r th a Kache 1
(aged 6 ) and S y l v e s t e r S c h w a rz , a p r i n t e r r s a p p r e n t i c e , were
kn o c k e d a b o u t and wounded »
The P o le s t r i a d t o s l i p o u t o f th e room, b u t , i n d o in g
s o , t h e y w ere c a u g h t and i n j u r e d b y th a i n t r u d e r s „ The
accused M e r t a à ls o r e c e i v e d an i n j u r y to h i s e y e . I t c o u ld n o t ,
h o w e v e r , be a s c e r t a i n e d w h e th e r he was s t r u c k d e l i b e r a t e l y o r i n
s e l f - d e f e n c e . The a ccu sed E a m p f , M e r t a , M ü l l e r , S k la d n y ,
S te p h an and P&w las t o o k an a c t i v e p a r t i n t h e b r a w l ; S te p h a n s t r u c k
th e w i t n e s s D r . M i c h a le k w i t h h is h a n d , and o t h e r P o is e p r e s e n t
w i t h a c h a i r ; Paw l as a ls o h i t a t th e P o le s w i t h a c h a i r , and
MB 1 1 e r w i t h h i s t o r c h s t i c k , w h i l e S k la d n y b e a t a number &.f t h o s e
p r e s e n t w i t h a r d b b e r b a t o n . I t c o u ld n o t be p ro v e d w h e th e r th e
o t h e r accused t o o k p a r t i n t h e a s s a u l t o r n o t .
The w ho le a t t a c k o n ly l a s t e d a few m i n u t e s . The p o l i c e
o f f i c e r s p r e s e n t soon g o t t h e u p p e r hand and r e s t o r e d t r a n q u i l l i t y
and o r d e r . D r i n d a , a d e t e c t i v e , and tw o p o l i c e o f f i c e r s , were
- 12
p r e s e n t on d u t y . A l t h o u g h D r , l l i c h a l e k had r e c e i v e d a p r e v io u s
w a r n in g , he had c o n s id e r e d such p r o t e c t i o n adequ a te f o r th e
l a r g e m e e t in g , s i n e o z a c c o r d in g t o h i s own s t a t e ræ nt and t h a t e i
h i s b r e t h 9 r , A l b e r t M.i c h a le k » th e P o l i s h m i n o r i t y i n German
U ppe r b i l e s i a f e l t a b s o l u t e l y s e c u re , and had n o t bgen m o le s te d
f o r s e v e r a l y e a r s c
V / h i l s t many o f th e i n t r u d e r s succeeded i n l e a v i n g t h e
room u n o b s e rv e d , 1‘r i n d a h e ld u n t h e a c c u s e d , who w ere i n u n i f o r m
a t t h e p o i n t o f h i s r e v o l v e r , r e t a i n i n g them i n the c lo a k - r o o m
p e n d in g t h e a r r i v a l o f t h e e m erg e n cy d e ta c h m e n t , w h ic h had been
summoned * When t h e accused Eampf n o t i c e d t h a t a d e t e c t i v e was
■or e s e n t , he gave t h e o r d e r : " T h a t ’ s enough , The p o l i c e have
come,?, and made t h e members o f th e T r a d i t i o n s k o m p a g n ie manch
up i n s i n g l e f i l e i n o r d e r t o have t h e i r names and p a r t i c u l a r s
t a k e n down b y the e m e rg e n c y d e ta c h m e n t . On b e in g s e a r c h e d ,
a t o r c h s t i c k and a k i t c h e n k n i f e w ere fo u n d on th e accused
G e rh a rd I ' l l l i e r , and a p i s t o l i n i t s cace on th e accused
? r a n z W e is s , who p ro d u c e d a v a l i d l i c e n c e t o c a r r y f i r e - a r m s as
a watchman » On c l e a r i n g u p th o room th e n e x t day tw o r u b b e r
b a to n s were f o u n d , w h ic h had o b v i o u s l y b e e n th ro w n away b y the
a c c u s e d . Whan the names end p a r t i c u l a r s had been ta k e n down
and a s e a rc h c a r r i e d o u t , th e accused Hampf le d h i s men b a c k t o
t h e r i f l e c lu b ro o m s . The a ccused M e r t a , who was n o t i n u n i
f o r m } had d is a p p e a r e d f r a n th e rocm w i t h some c i v i l i a n s b e f o r e
th a a r r i v a l o f th e e r e r ^ e n c y d e p a r t m e n t .
A l l t h e a c c u s e d , w i t h t h e e xc e ot i c n o f G eorg G re 11 a
and F e l i x G ro s e , who b e lo n g t o th e b ch w a rze b c h a r , a re members
o r ex-membe r s , o f t h e T r a d i t i o nskom pa gn ie «
The a ccused deny t h a t t h e y m arched t o P a w e lc z y k 1 s
rooms i n o r d e r t o c o rn a i t an a s s a u l t and t o b re a k ut> t h e 1- o l i s h
meet i n g .
M 13 —I
1 . The a c c u s e d B i a s i n g 5 a m r f s t a t e d t h a t he was
r e t u r n i n g hone f r o m th e p l e b i s c i t e c e l e b r a t i o n s when he
saw a num ber o f p e o p le g o in g a lo n g t h e s t r e e t to w a rd s
P a w e lc z y k:7 s ro om s , and s a y in g : "We : ve been s i n g i n g
’'D e u ts c h 1 and, D e n t s c h l a n d ’G b e r e l l e s " and a t P a ^ e l c z y V s
rooms i t i s " Jeszc 33 P o l c k a n i a z g i n e l a f (P o la n d i s n o t
ye t r u i n e d ) ” . Ee had j o i n e d th e ce p e o p l e , i n o r d e r
t o sea w ha t was h a p p e n in g a t Pawelc.^yk:1 s . On a r r i v a l
t h e r e he had d r u i i k a g l a s s o f b e e r a t th e b u f f e t , and
had lo c k e d on a t a f i l m . A c h o i r was s u d d e n ly th ro w n
on t o th e s t a g e , ond an u p r o a r t o o k n l a c e . He had
n o t ta k e n -part i n th e su b s e q u e n t f i g h t i n g .
These s ta t e m e n t s c a n n o t , h o w e v e r , be b e l i e v e d .
A c c o r d in g t o th e sw o rn d e p o s i t i o n o f th e w i t n e s s , D r , G r m i c k i ,
H an p f was th e f i r s t t o f o r c e h i s m y i n t o th e h a l l and was t h e
f i r s t t o s t r i k e D r . M i c h a l e k . M o r e o v e r , th e s ta t e m e n ts o f th a
accused Hampf c c n f i i c t w i t h the d e c l a r a t i o n made t o the p o l i c e
d u r in g th e p r e l i m i n a r y invoes t i g a t i o h s b y th e a ccu se d H u b e r t
K ie r m a s c h e k . The l a t t a r t h a n s a id t h a t E u n p f had gene t o
P awe l c z y k Ts rooms v i t h &b c u t 20 mem:, a r s o f th e T r a d i t i on skompagn i
and had c a l l e d upon th e m to f o r c e t h e i r way i n t o th e h a l l , b re a k
up t h e m a e t in g end t h r o w o u t t h o s e p r e s e n t ; t h e y a c c o r d i n g l y
a t t a c k e d t h e C om m it tee t a b l e w i t h c h a i r e , h a v in g a p p ro a c h e d f ro m
th e s i d e s a id t h e m id d le o f t h e h a l l .
T h is s ta te m e n t b y t h e a ccu sed K ie rm a s c h e k was s u p p o r te d
by th e d e c l a r a t i o n made t o t h e p o l i c e b y th e accused v / i l h a lm
Z e n g e r t h a t Hampf e n t e r e d t h e P a w e lc z y k rocm s w i t h 10 to 12
members o f t h e T r a d i t io n s k o m p a g n ie , and had w i t h them th r o w n
c h a i r s a t th e Commit te e t a b l e .
H o w e v e r , d u r i n g t h e p ro c e e x l i r ! gs p r o p e r , th e accu sed
H u b e r t K ie rm a s c h e 'x and W i lh e lm s t a t e d t h a t t h e y had o n l y
m a le th e S3 c l o t l a r a t i o n s , be cense t h e p o l ic e , o f f i c e r e is a r i ' ^ T p ;
t-ii 3tt. had t h r e ate?:ed 1.h em w is h ear re n t «• On th e o t h e r h sn 'U th<?
w i t n e s s Eempny, a d e t e c t i v e , zade a s w o rn s ta te m e n t t o th e
e f f e c t t h a t th e s e tw o e cvn sed h a - £<i?an t h c r r d e p o f j i b io c a
v o l u n t a r i l y and u n d e r no c o m p u ls io n , end t h a t th e y h a d , m o re o v e r ,
a p p ro v e d and s ig n e d , w i t h o u t r e , i c i n g a n y o b j e c t i o n s , t h a w r i t t e n
s ta t e m e n t a f t e r i t had t e e n re a d t h r o u g h t o th e n » The C o u r t
t h e r e f o r e c o n s id e r e d t h a t t h e o r i g i n a l s t a l e ra n be o f the two
a ccu se d were c o r r e c t .
F u r t h e r m o r e , th e f o l l o w i n g c i r c o n s t a n c e s gave w e ig h t
t o th e b e l i e f t h a t Hampf had l e d th e members o f th e
ï r a l l t i o n o k o m ' ç a g n i a to ? a w e le e y k Ts rooms and had o r g a n is e d th e
S n^aaLon o f t h o room end t h e a t t a c k on t h e P o l e s : -
1» He was an o f f i c e r o f th e T r a d i t L onskom pagn ie .
2 . Ho o t h e r l e a d e r was p r e s e n t ,
3 * He, b e in g 44 y e a r y o f s g e , v.as th e s e n i o r a c c u s e d ,
w i t h th e e x c e p t i o n o f V i fe ics , who was no l o n g e r
a m e m b e r .o f t h e T r a d i t i o n s k o m p a g n i e .
4c He was th e f i r s t t o e n t e r th e room*
5» He was th o f i r s t t o have r e s o r t t o v io le n c e »
6 . He b r o u g h t t h e f i g h t i n g t o an end b y s a y in g :
TT,J ]h a tTs e n o u g h . The p o l i c e have c c n e ,To
7 , He made th e men march u p in o r d e r a n l a f t e r t h e i r
r e l e a s e b y th e p o l i c e le d them b a c k t o t h e r i f l e
e lu b room s and v;as t h e i r spokesman d u r i n g t h e
p o l i c e p r o c e e d in g s»
8, The accused H u b e r t Mer t a s t a t e d t h a t he had o n ly
p a r t i c i p a t e d f o r a bouÿ a q u a r t e r o f an h o u r i n th e p l e b i s c i t e
- 15 -
ça le b r a t io n s a t th e r i f l e clufc rooms and t h a t he had th en g o n e ,
dressed i n c i v i l i a n c lo t h e s , to a dance which had "been a rra n g ed
in the saaall room at P a w e lc z y k r s in n . Between two dances he had
heard the n o is e in the la r g e room and had gone t h e r e . He had n o t
h i t anybody b u t had been h u r t b y a P o le armed w i t h a c h a i r . On
the o th e r h a n d , th e accused H ubert K ie rm a e c h e k , d u rin g h is f i r s t
e x a m in a t io n by th e p o l i c e , a l l e g e d t h a t M e r ta had s tru c k about him
w ith a c h a i r . T h is s ta te m e n t , which, a g a in , was no t re p e a te d by
K ierm aechek d u r in g the p ro c e e d in g s p ro p e r , was not h e ld t o be
c o r r e c t by th e C o u rt f o r th e reaso n s a l r e a d y m e n t io n e d , and M e r ta * s
s ta te m e n t t h a t he had o n ly had a c h a i r in h is hands in o rd e r to
p r o te c t h im s e l f a g a in s t a t t a c k s was no t b e l i e v e d . In the o p in io n
o f th e C ourt he had supp orted h is comamdes as a member o f th e
^ r a d i t i onskom pagnie , and had ta k e n an a c t iv e p a r t in th e f i g h t i n g .
3. The accused U l r i c h Stephan a l le g e d t h a t he had o n ly
fo l lo w e d h is ccmrodes to the P a w e lc zyk in n oat o f c u r i o s i t y , and
t h a t he had on ly s t ru c k D r , M ic h a le k on the fa c e w i t h h is h a n d ,
because th e l a t t e r was lu n g in g around w i th a c h a i r and had h i t h im .
C o n t r a d ic t in g t h i s , the w itn e s s D r . O rm ic k i made a
d e p o s i t io n th a t he had seen the accused Stephan s t r i k i n g P o le s w i th
a ru b b e r b a to n . M o r e o v e r , th e w i tn e s s A lb e r t M ic h a le k f e l t a lm ost
c e r t a in t h a t he could i d e n t i f y S tephan as one o f those who had been
h i t t i n g about w i l d l y w i t h c h a i r s « F u r th e r m o r e , in v ie w o f th e
f a c t t h a t th e accused S tephan s t a t e d , d u r in g th e p r e l im in a r y p ro
cedure when he was e x m in e d by th e p o l i c e , t h a t he had s tru c k
P o l is h s p e c ta to r s w i th a c h a i r , and in view of th e f a c t t h a t the
d e t e c t iv e Kempny had sworn t h a t th e eccased had made th e s e s t a t e
ments v o l u n t a r i l y and un der no com puls ion , the C ourt f e l t c o n f id e n t
th a t th e p o l ic e s ta te m e n t was c o r r e c t .
-16-
The accused B r n s t P a w la s d e n ie d t h e t he bad ta k e n part-
i n th e a s s a u l t i n P u w e lc z y k ' s ro om s , t h u s c o n t r a d i c t i n g th e
d e o l a r a t i o n w b i c h ha had ^ r o v i o u s l y made t o t h e p o l i c e . He
s t a t e d t h a t be had o n l y f o l l o w e d h i s com rades t o P a w e lc z y £ r s rooms
o u t o f c u r i o s i t y and had t h e r e seen p e o p le t h r o w i n g b e e t g la s s e s
a t th em . ^ g a i n , . i n t h e case o f P a w la s , th e C o u r t , t a k i n g
i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n th e s w o rn d e p o s i t i o n o f th e d o t a c t i v a D r in à a
t h a t no p r e s s u r e bad b e en b r o u g h t t o b e a r on th e a ccused d u r i n g
h i s e x a m i n a t i o n , was c o n v in c e d t h a t P a w la s had s t r u c k P o le s i n
a c c o rd a n c e w i t h t h e c o n f e s s io n w h ic h he had made t o t h e p o l i c e .
The c h a r a c t e r o f th e i n j u r i e s i n f l i c t e d and th e l a r g e number o f
P o le s who w o re i n j u r e d le n d w e ig h t t j t h e s u p p o s i t i o n t h a t v e r y
many o f t h e membozs o f th o T r a d i t i o n s k o m p a g n i e , t o w h ic h P&wlp.s
a ls o b e lo n g e d , had ta k e n p a r t i n t h e f i g h t i n g .
Tho accused S o rh a rd l û i l t l l o r s t a t e d t h a t he had r u n b y h i m s e l f
f r o m th e r i f l e c l u b room s t o Paweltzrsyk1' s i n n on h e a r i n g a
rum our t h a t th e £ orman p o l i c e w ere b e in g h a rd p re s s e d t h e r e ,
and t h a t ho was t h e l a s t to a r r i s r o . He fo u n d a g r e a t u p r o a r
i n t h o h a l l . and was s t r u c k i n t h o c rn v ^ f ; some h a rd o b j e c t .
I t was o n l y i n se I t - d e f e n c e t-nu t he had s e iz e d and made use o i
th e t o r c h s t i c k w h io h he had b r o u g h t away w i t h h im , h id d e n i n h i s
c o a t , as a s o u v e n i r o f t h o f i r s t t o r c h - l i g h t p r o c e s s io n i n w h ic h
he had t a k e n p a r t .
T h i s s ta t e m e n t i s c o n t r a d i c t e d by th e c r e d i b l e d e p o s i t i o n o f
th e w i t n e s s M i c h a l o k , t h a t Lift H e r had t a k e n a m ost p r o m in e n t
p a r t i n th e l i g h t i n g , b y t h e s ta t e m e n t o f th e w i t n e s s F .e in h c ld
A’i tc s s a k t h a t he had seen M i l l i e r , whom he bad p r e v i o u s l y known,
i n th e h a l l w i t h a b a to n i n h i s hand , and f u r t h e r m o r e , b y the
s ta te m e n t o f t h e w i t n e s s e s Teo f i 1 K a t z y and ïhom as S t r a i b i n c z y k
- 1 7 -
wbo c o u ld a lm o s t c e r t a i n l y i d e n t i f y M ü l l e r as th o man who had
s t r u c k B e rn h a rd R ack and e t h e r s w i t h a "ba ton .
The w i t n e s s J o s e f a P i e t r z i k o w s k a a ls o s ta t e d t h a t
IE, 11 o r had s t r u c k w i l d l y a b o u t w i t h h i s l e a t h e r " b e l t , and had
s o a r c hod th e s ta g e s a y in g "ha w o u ld see w h e th e r t h e r e w ere any
more P o l i s h sw in e h id d e n a b o u t ’1. The accused P a u l M io w e r t a ls o
a l l e g e d t h a t he had seen M i l l i e r s t r i k i n g P o lo s w i t h a t o r c h
s t i c k .
F u r t h e r p r o o f o f M u l l o r 1 s a c t i v e p a r t i c i p a t i o n was
f u r n i s h e d "by t h o c i r c u m s t a n c e t h a t ho s u b s e q u e n t l y b o a s te d t o
h i s f o l l o w a c o te e d , K a i l G -o g o l lo k , t h a t "ha had g iv e n th o
P o le s a h o t t i m e " and t h a t d u r i n g th e p o l i c e s e a rc h he had k e p t
h i s t o r c h s t i c k h id d e n u n d e r h i s c o a t . H is e x p l a n a t i o n t h a t
ho had o n l y been b o a s t i n g t o G -o g o l lo k d id n o t a p p e a r c r e d i b l e
i n v ie w o f h i s g e n e r a l b e h a v i o u r . I t c o u ld n o t , h o w e v e r , be
p ro ve d t h a t he had usod , o r a t te m p te d t o u se d u r i n g th e f i g h t i n g ,
th o k n i f e w h ic h was fo u n d on h im , and i t was im p o s s ib l e t o r e f u t e
h i s e x p l a n a t i o n t h a t he a lw a y s c a r r i e d -fois k n i f e and used i t f a r
p r e p a r i n g h i s s a n d w ic h e s , e t c . , because he d id h i s own h o u s e
k e e p in g ; h i s e x p l a n a t i o n w a s , in d e e d , s u p p o r te d b y th o s ta te m e n t
o f th e w i t n e s s D r i n d a t o t h e e f f e c t t h a t t h e k n i f o was b l u n t
end b o re t r a c e s o f f a t .
The accused A u g u s t S k i fid n y s t a t e d t h a t unknow n c i v i l i a n s
had t o l d h im w h i l s t ho was on h i s way home f r o m th e r i f l e c lu b
I'ooms t h a t t h e y were s a y in g a t a P o l i s h m e e t in g a t P a w e lo z y k1 s
rooms t h a t the P o le s i n G o rm ary were s e c o n d - c la s s c i t i z e n s ,
w h e io a s the Germans wo re f i r s t - c l a s s . He th e re u p o n w en t
to P a w e lc s y k Ts rooms o u t o f c u r i o s i t y . On e n t e r i n g th e h a l l -
some P o lo s th r e w a c h a i r . He had n o t h i t a n y b o d y .
-18-
C o n t r a d i o t i n g t h i s , t h o w i t n e s s , H e r b e r t P o te n p a ,
made a o r e d i b l e s ta te m e n t t h a t t h e a ccu sed S k lo5 n y had t r i e d
to h i t h im w i t h a robber "ba to n , b u t t h a t he had pushed h im
aws.yo The f a c t t h a t S k la d n y had a r u b b e r b a to n i n h i s h a rd
l e n t s u p p o r t to t h e s ta t e m e n t that he had used i t to d e a l
b lo w s d u r i n g th e g e n e r a l c o n f u s i o n .
A c c o r d in g t o th e s t a t e m e n t s o f th e w i t n e s s e s ,
D r . M i c h e l e t , A l b e r t M ic h a le ! * , D r . C r m i c k i , B e rn h a rd H a c k ,
J o s e f a Piet r i i k o w ka ; 1'asp a r ek , P a u l P a w o lk a , I g n a t z M u s c h 'k ie t ,
M a r ie Ssc s y g i e l , and G e r t r u d G o re c k a , no a h a i r s , e t c . , w o re
th r o w n b y th e P o le s a t t h e i n t r u d e r s , and a t th e m ost t h e y w ere
o n l y used i n s e l f - d e f e n c e a g a i n s t th e l a t t e r 1 s b lo w s , M o r e o v e r ,
in v ie w o f t h e 2 ar^ss num ber o f men who in v a d e d t h e room i n an
o r g a n is e d m anner i t c o u ld h a r d l y be supposed t h a t th e P o l e s ,
who c o n s is t e d m a i n l y o f women and c h i l d r e n , had made an a t t a c k .
7. She a ccu sed F r a n z W e is s ^ f o r m e r l y a member o f t h e
T r a s i t i o n s k o m p a g n i e , s t a t e d t h a t , a f t e r h i s s p e l l as a
w a tchm an a t th e O b e r s c h le s i s c h e E o l z i n d u c t r i o i n B e u th o n , he
had d r u n k a g l a s s o f b e e r a t a b o u t 8 p,.m, i n t h e r i f l e c l u b
rooms t On the way home he had h e a rd an u p r o a r i n tho s t r e e t ,
and o u t o f c u r i o s i t y had j o i n e d t h e c row d g o in g t o P a w e lc ^ y k 1s
i n n . Ho had e n t e r e d th e h a l l , c u t when he had t r i e d to le a v e i t
a g a in he h ed b e en d e t a in e d t i l t h th e e t h e r s b y t h e d e t e c t i v e .
H is s t u bornent t h a t he had n o t u se d i n i,he h a l l th e
p i s t o l w h ic h was fo u n d on h im , t h i s b e in g i n i t s case
and t h e s a f e t y c a t c h on , c o u ld n o t be r e f u t e d ,
-19-
8 . The aooused g a r I G o so l i c k s t a t e d t h a t , on h e a r i n g n r e p o r t
o f en a n t i -G e rm a n d e m o n s t r a t i o n a t P a w o lc ^ y k1 s , ho p ro ç o o d o d
a lo n e t o t ha P a w o lo n y k i ’oom and a r r i v e d th o r e l a s t , when
e v e r y t h i n g was o v e r . He was t h o r o a r r e s t e d .
The same d e fe n c e i c mado b y th e aooused
9. JosdSP S o h .w io r tg , find
10. Po b o r t Schl l k o w s k y .
11. The accused Pa u l K l o t ^ s c h o a ls o a l l e g e s t h a t ho
d id n o t a r r i v e ab th e P a w e lo s y k room f r o m th o r i f l o c l u b
u n t i l t h o p u b l i c was a l r e a d y s t r e a m in g o u t . He saw i n tho
room a number o f p e r s o n s w i t h u p l i f t e d c h a i r s , and was th e n
a r r e s t e d b y p o l i o e o f f i c i a l s .
12. The accused H a jd u k s t a t e s t h a t he w en t t o P a w e lc z y k Ts
o u t o f c u r i o s i t y o n l y , and t h a t he was a r r e s t e d b y t h o d e t e c t i v e
Br i n d a w i t h o u t h a v in g ta k e n any p a r t i n th e f i g h t i n g .
13. The accused Pau l. Ln-3 :c-~.zolr a s s e r t s t h a t he l o f t
th e r i f l e c l u b room s f o r P s v v o lo s y k1 s on h o a r i n g a ru m o u r
o f P o l i s h a g i t a t i o n , and j o i n e d th e c row d on th e w c y . On
a r r i v a l he t o o k no p a r t i n t h e f i g h t i . n g , b u t was a r r e s t e d
b y th e p o l i c e o f f i c i a l a g he came o u t .
T h i s s ta te m e n t c o n t r a d i c fcs t h a t w h io h ho made t o th e
p o l i c e d u r i n g t h e p r e l i m i n a r y i n v e s t i g a t i o n s when ho s a id t h a t
he had j o i n e d i n the r i f l e c l u b g a rd e n o t h e r co m rad e s who
assem b led u n d e r Com,, a n y - Le ad o r S im o n , and t h a t t h e y had t h e n
go no down t o t h o P a w o lc z y k room le d b y E a m p f . A c c o r d in g t o
th o sw orn s ta t e m e n t ox th o w i i n o s s , D e t e c t i v e P r i n d a ,
A n d ra c z e k made t h i s s ta t e m e n t t o th o p o l i c e v o l u n t a r i l y and
u n d e r no c o m p u ls io n , so t h a t t r .3 C o u r t h a s no r e a s o n t o doubt<
i t s v e r a c i t y .
-20-
3.4 , fj?he ar.oused W a l t e r P y . ^ y b i l l a a l l e g e s t L a t be was on
h i s v/ay he no f r o m th o p l e b i s c i t e c o l e ' o r a t i o n w i t h b i s
f r i e n d P i k a and a g i r l and o n l y w en t i n t o P a w s lc z y k1 s " t o see
w h a -, was go ing- or.11. Tbe d i s bur'ba n s e was a l r e a d y o v e r when
ho a r r i v e d j On g o in g o u t ho wait a r r a s to d b y t b e p o l i c e
o f f i c i i a l .>
15, i ’hd aocusod Av.su-st Hoppo s ta fco s t h a t ho f o l l o w e d t b e
crow d f r o m t h e r i f l e c l u b t o P a w o lo s y k1 s "because a c e r t a i n
S n o l r u o s y k had s a id : "H e ra we a ro s i n g i n g t h o German
n a t i o n a l V3/10:2 , o u t a t P a w e lc a y k1 s G erm sny i s "be ing t r a m p le d
u p o n » 1’ On a r r i v i n g a t t h o P a w o lc z y k room he fo u n d a b i g
d i s tu.r banco g o in g o n , b u t he d i d n o t t a k o p a t t i n t h o
f i g h t i n g . He to o was t h e n a r r e s t e d "hy t h e p o l i c e .
1 6 . The yoov.sod P a u l Ut ewe- t s t a t e s t h a t bo w en t f r o m th e
r i f l o c l u b c e l e b r a t i o n s t o P a w o lc z y k1 s "because i t was
ru m ou re d t h a t P o le s w ere h e a t i n g c i v i l i a n s and t h e i r
f a m i l i o S o When he a r r i v e d t h o room was i n d a r k n e s s , and
ho saw a Land s t r e t c h e d a c r o s s t h e f i l m s c r e e n . When ha
asked th o m o on in g o f t h i s h a n d , t o was t o l d t h a t i t was
th o hand o f P o la n d s t r o t e b e d o u t t o g r a s p German U pp e r
S t l e s t a » Ha.tipf ; ho s a id , had e n te r e d th o room b e f o r e
him., Ho d id n o t ùake p a r t i n tb e f i g h t i n g , h u t was
s ü an ci i ng a t t h e "baok b y t h 3 b a r »
On th e o t h e r h a n d , t h e w i t n e s s e s H r . M i o h a le k ,
A l b e r t Mi g b a l e k , D r 0 O r i û i e k l , and B e rn h a rd H ack d e o la r e d
t h a t t h e r e w ere no a l l u s i o n s t o t h e s e i 35a re o f German U p ^ e r
S i l e s i a , , b u t t h a t t h e hand on th e s c r e e n was p r o b a b l y
t h a t o f th o o p e r a t o r , A l b e r t M i r h a l e k , as he w i t h d r e w a
p l a t e f r o m th e l a n t e r n .
17. The accused P a u l J T r ^ u l I a s t a t e s t h a t ho w en t t o th o
P a w o lo s y k room s o u t o f c u r i o s i t y o n l y , on h e a r i n g a ra m o u r
o f P o l i s h a g i t a t i o n , and t h a t he was a r r e s t e d b y t h e p o l i o s as
a member o f th e T r a d i t i o n s k o m p a g n i e .
The same s ta t e m e n t was made "by:
18 . Erwin G a o r t lg ,
19. Ka r l P i n ,
20. S tan i s la u s Kosma,
21. W1 ]. b. o 1m Zenge r -
22. I n c o n t r a d i c t i o n to h i s s t a t e m e n t t o t h e p o l i c e r e f e r r e d
t o a b o v e , t h e a ccu se d H u b e r t E lo rm a s o h e k s t a t e s t h a t he d i d n o t
p ro c e e d t o P a w e lc z y k T s rooms w i t h t h e p a r t y l e d b y th e accu sed
H a m p f, b u t wen t t h e r e w i t h t h r e e o t h e r s o n l y , on h e a r i n g th e
ru m o u r o f P o l i s h a g i t a t i o n . Ho says t h a t he d i d n o t t a k o
p a r t i n t h e f i g h t i n g . As a l r e a d y m e n t io n e d a b o v a , on page 14
h o w e v e r , h i s o r i g i n a l s t a t e m e n t t o t h e p o l i c e m u s t bo r e g a rd e d
as th e t r u t h .
23. Tho accused F e l i x G r o s s , a member o f th e Schw arze S o h s r ,
a l s o a l l e g e s t h a t he w o n t t o P a w o lo a y k 1 s on h e a r i n g t h o
ru m o u r o f P o l i s h a g i t a t i o n , and t h a t w h i l e t h e r e he r e c e i v e d
a b lo w i n t h e c o u rs e o f t h e u p r o a r , b u t d i d n o t t a k e p a r t i n
t h e f i g h t i n g .
Tho s t a t e m e n t s b y t h e accused G -o g o I le k , S c h w ie r t z ,
S c h i l k o w s k i , X l o t z s o k e , and P r s y b i l l a , to th e e f f e c t t h a t t h e y
a r r i v e d a t P a w e lo z y k T s l a s t , c & e n o t be b e l i e v e d , s i n c e o n l y ono
o f th e m o a n have a r r i v e d l a s t . Thesa s t a t e m e n t s a re a l s o c o n t r a
d i c t e d b y th o e v id e n c e o f t h e w i t n e s s D r i n d a , t o th e e f f e c t t h a '
the» u n i f o r m e d members o f t h o T r ad i t i o n sko m p s g n i 0 p r e s e n t a t t h e
P a w o lc s y k room had been i d e n t i f i e d , and t h a t t h e accused
w ore among th e s e p r e s e n t b o f o r e th e u p r o a r s u b s id e d .
22 ~
2 4 c, The a c c u s e d Geo_r£_ Gr e l l a , a l.so a member o f
th e S ehwa r z e S d i : ; r , s t a t e s t h a t h e was in s t r u c te I "by
h i s s u p e r i o r , M i g u l e ^ z , t o go end f e t c h th e a c c u s e d
G r o s s , who had gone co th e P a w o lc z y k I n n v / i t h members
o f t h e T r a d i t i o n s k o m p a g n ie . W h i le e x e c u t i n g t h i s o r d e r „
he was a r r e s t e d b7 t h e p o l i c e o f f i c i a l i n th e P a w o lc z y k
ro o m s , w i t h o u t h a v in g ta k e n p a r t i n th e f i g h t i n g . T h is
i s c o n f i r m e d b y G ross a nd M i g u l e t z . As t h e r e was n o t h i n g
t o c o n t r a d i c t th e s e s ta t e m e n ts . i t was i m p o s s ib l e t o
p r o v e a n y i n t e n t i o n on th e p a r t c f t h e a c c u s e d t o j o i n
i n t h e a t t a c k up o n th e P o l i s h me3t i n g . The c h a rg e
a c c o r d i n g l y was n o t p ro v e d a n d he "T-s a c q u i t t e d .
The m a in h e a r i n g , h o w e v e r , c o n v in c e d t h e C o u r t
t h a t the r e m a i n in g a c c u s e d w e re g u i l t y „
Those men l e f t th e r i f l e c lu b rooms w i t h th e
o b j e c t o f b r e a k i n g up th e P o l i s h m e e t in g by f o r c e » They
th e m s e lv e s a d m i t t h a t t h e y w e n t to th e P a w e lc z y k rooms
i n g r e a t i n d i g n a t io n because t h e y had h e a rd t h a t an t i ~
G0rrnan songs w o re b e in g s u n g and p r o v o c a t i v e sp e ech e s made,
A l t h o u g h i t c o u l d n o t be p ro v e d t h a t th e s e
a c c u s e d l e f t the r i f l e c l u b as a n o r g a n is e d p a r t y , i t i s
a t a n y r a t e c e r t a i n t h a t t h e m a j o r i t y o f th e p e rs o n s
c o n s i s t i n g cf t h e a c c u s e d a n d o f o t h e r s who c o u ld n o t
be i d e n t i f i e d , g a t h e r e d t o g e t h e r i n the r i f l e c l u b g a rd e n
u n d e r C om ^a ny-Lea d a r S im o n , w i t h the a g re e d i n t e n t i o n c f
p r o c e e d in g t o th e l a r g e room a t P a w e lc z y k r s i n o r d e r t o
b r e a k up t h e P o l i s h m e e t in g by f c r c e . The e x i s t e n c e o f
t h i s i n t e n t i o n i s c o n f i r m e d by t h e f a c t t h a t tw o days
b e f o r o . and a ls o on t h é same a f t e r n o o n , a c c o r d i n g to the
e v id e n c e o f th e w i t n e s s M ucha , some o f the a ccu se d hadX
sp o k e n i n h o s t i l e te rm s o f the f o r t h c o m i n g P o l i s h m e e t in g » \
- 23 -
The c ro w d w h ic h p ro c e e d e d t o P a w o lc z y k zs was c o l l e c t e d
p u b l i c l y , s i n c e e v e r y o p p o r t u n i t y was g iv e n t o j o i n th e t h r o n g ,
w h i l e a s s e m b l in g i n th e r i f l e c lu b g a r d e n , when p a s s in g th r o u g h
th e s t r e e t s a n d on a r r i v a l a t th e P a w o lc z y k I n n . T h i s i s
a d m i t t e d n o t o n l y by a l a r g e num ber o f th e a c c u s e d , among o t h e r s ,
A n d r a c z e k , Hoppe and F a m u l la , b u t a l s o by many c i v i l i a n s »
The c o n d i t i o n s r e q u i r e d i n o r d e r t o c o n s t i t u t e " p u b l i c l y
a s s e m b l in g '1 a r e t h e r e f o r e f u l f i l l o d o
W i t h the e x c e p t io n o f G r e l l a ; th e a c c u s e d j o i n e d th e
t h r o n g i n f u l l k n o w le d g e o f th e c r i m i n a l p u rp o s e o f th e "A s s e m b l
i n g They knew t h a t t h e y w e re j o i n i n g a body o f p e rs o n s who
in t e n d e d t o p ro c e e d a g a i n s t t h e P o le s w i t h v i o l e n c e .
A l t h o u g h some of t h e a c c u s e d , as a l r e a d y m e n t io n e d .
a b o v e , h a ve a l l e g e d t h a t th e y w e n t to "the P a w o lc z y k rooms a lo n e
o r o u t o f c u r i o s i t y , th e C o u r t was c o n v in c e d - a p a r t f r c m th e
f a c t t h a t th e se s ta t e m e n ts a p p e a r im p r o b a b le - t h a t th e se
a c c u s e d o n l y p roce eded to t h e l a w e l c z y k rooms i n o r d e r by t h e i r
p re s e n c e t o s u p p o r t th e c ro w d t h e r e a s s e m b le d and p a r t i c u l a r l y
t h e i r com rades i n t h e T r a d i t i o n s k o m p a g n io i n b r e a k in g up th e
m e e t in g » The a im and o b j e c t o f t h e TTa s s e i r fo l in g " ’ was known to
th em . They a l s o knew t h a t b y r e m a i n in g t h e r e t h e y added t o t h e
d a n g e r t h r e a t e n i n g the p e rs o n s a t the P o l i s h m e e t i n g , w h i l e t h e
f a c t t h a t th e y w e re p r e s e n t and r e a d y w i t h h e lp upon w h ic h t h e i r
com rades c o u ld c o u n t . , c o n s t i t u t e d s u p p o r t .
I n v i e w o f th e o b j e c t w h ic h th e c ro w d h a d i n th u s
a s s e m b l in g , the a c c u s e d w e re a l s o aware t h a t th e b i g P a w o lc z y k
room was r e s e r v e d f o r t h e P o l i s h m e e t in g f o r t h a t e v e n in g ana
was n o t open to th e p u b l i c . ,
A l t h o u g h sc mo o f th e P o lo s had a l r e a d y l e f t th e room ,
the m e e t in g was n o t y e t a t an o n d , s i n c e th e C h a irm an - the
w i t n e s s D r , I l i c h a l e k - h a d n o t y e t made h i s f i n a l s p e e c h o r
o f f i c i a l l y c l o s e d th e m e e t in g »
~ 24 ~
T h a t the accuead knew t h a t t h e y I jad p e n e t r a t e d i n t o
a p r i v a t e m e e t in g w h ic h was n o t y e t ended i s e v i d e n t f r o m the
f a c t t h a t some o f t h e m , f o r e xe m p le , Eampf and N i e w e r t , were
p r e s e n t w h i l e th e l a n t e r n l e c t u r e was s t i l l "be ing g i v e n , and a l l
th e a c c u s e d , e x c e p t G r e l l a , s y s t e m a t i c a l l y o c c u p ie d th e room w h i l e
i t was s t i l l d a r k , snd as soon as th e l i g h t s w en t u p , p ro c e e d e d
"by means o f a b u s e , "booing and "blows w i t h c h a i r s and o t h e r o b j e c t s ,
to comoel t h o s e p r e s e n t t o le a v e as q u i c k l y as t h e y c cu Id . T h e y
were aware t h a t t h e y had no r i g h t t o e n t e r th e ro o m , and t h e r e
f o r e w i t t i n g l y and i l l e g a l l y made t h e i r w ay i n t o th e l a r g e room
a t t h e P a w e lc z y k I n n .
A c c o r d i n g l y th e r e q u i s i t e c o n d i t i o n s c o n s t i t u t i n g a
s e r io u s b re a c h o f d o m e s t ic peace ( " H a u s f r i e d e n s b ru c h " ) a re
f u l f i l l e d . (P a ra » 124 o f t h e P e n a l C o d ü ) .
As e s t a b l i s h e d above on page 11 , the accused E am pf,
M e r t a , M ü l l e r , S te p h e n , P a w la s and o k la d n y , who b e lo n g e d t o t h i s
" p u b l i c l y a ss e m b le d ” c ro w d , a s s a u l t e d the company p r e s e n t a t the
•*r o l i s h m e e t in g w i t h t h e i r f i s t s and w i t h c h a i r s , r u b b e r b a to n s
and s i m i l a r w e a p o n s . These a c t s o f v i o l e n c e m u s t be re g a rd e d as
th e a c t s o f t h e assem b led c ro w d , s in c e th e l a t e r i n t e n d e d t o
r e s o r t to - v i o l e n c e a g a i n s t th e P o le s .
- a l l t h e i n d i c a t i o n s o f a s a r i eus "breach o f th e p u b l i c
peace ( " L -ndxr iodeneb ',nc l i ’1 a r e t h e r e f o r e a ls o p r e s e n t , i n t h a t t h e
s i x a f o r e - m e n t i o n e d accused c o m m it te d a s s a u l t s upon p e rs o n s , and
the accused E a m p f, as e x p la i n e d on pages 1 3 ,1 4 is f u r t h e r shovm
to have been a r i n g l e a d e r ( P a r a , 1 2 5 ) .
The P o l i s h g a t h e r i n g was a m e e t in g w i t h i n th e m ean ing
o f p a ra g ra p h 1C7 a» o f t h e P e n a l Code. I t had been s a n c t io n e d
by th e p o l i c e . Owing t o t h e j o i n t a s s a u l t b y t h e a c c u s e d , th e
P o l i s h a u d ie n c e was c o m p e l le d t o escape f ro m th e room b e f o r e th e
end o f t h e m e t i n g . The a c c u s e d , w ho , as has be en shown a bove ,
had a r r i v e d w i t h t h e i n t e n t i o n o f b r e a k i n g - u p th e m e e t in g , are
t* 85 «*
t h e r e f o r e f u r t h e r g u i l t y o f an o f f e n c e a g a i n s t p a ra g ra p h lG 7 a .
o f t h e P e n a l Code.
A l l t h e p ro v e d o f f e n c e s a g a i n s t t h e p e n a l c la u s e s w ere
c o m m it te d b y th e accused t h r o u g h one and t h e same a c t , w h ic h was
p ro m o ted by t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n t o b r e a k u p t h e P o l i s h m e e t in g b y
f o r c e .
A c c o r d i n g l y , i t i s e s t a b l i s h e d t h a t th e a c c u s e d Eam pf,
M e r ta , S te p h e n , Paw l a s , LIE l i a r , i / e i s s , G o g o l l o k , b c h w i o r t z ,
S c h i l k o w s k i , K l c t z s c h e , E a jd u k , A n c 'ra c z e k , b k la d n y , G ro s s ,
P r z y b i l l a , H oppe , N ie w e r t , F a m u l i a , Kosma, K l i n , G a e r t i g ,
•K ie rm aschak and Genger
On M arch 2 5 th 1 9 2 8 , b y c o n c e r t e d a c t i o n a t B e u th e n
i n d ipper S i l e s i a and by one and t h e same a c t
1) When a crowd assembed p u b l i c l y and u n l a w f u l l y made
i t s «vaj i n t o th e p re m is e s c f t h e P a w e lc z y k I n n w i t h th e i n t e n t i o n
c f c o m m i t t i n g a c t s c f p e r s o n a l v i o l e n c e , t o o k p a r t i n th e s e a c t s ,
and f u r t h e r ,
2 ) When t h i s c row d assem b led p u b l i c l y and mode a j o i n t
a s s a u l t upon p e r s o n s , t o o k o a r t i n t h i s a s s e m b ly , i n wl i c h
E a m p f , M e r t a , M ü l l e r , U l r i c h o t e p h s n , P qv i la s a rd b k la d n y ,
i n d i v i d u a l l y were g u i l t y o f p e r s o n a l v i o l e n c e , Eampfwas a l s o
p r o s e n t as r i n g 1 e ade r ,
3 ) j o i n t l y and by v i o l e n c e b ro k e u p a n o n - p r o h i b i t e d
m e e t in g , E a m p f, L l e r t a , M ü l l e r , S te p h a n , P a w la s a rd b k la d n y
i n d i v i d u a l l y c o m m i t t i n g a c t s c f v i o l e n c e f o r t h e p u rp o s e c f
b r e a k in g u p th e m e e t in g c
These a c c u s e d were t h e r e f o r e l i a b l e - t o p u n is h m e n t u n d e r
p a ra g ra p h s 107a , 124, 12 5 , 47 and 73 o f t h e P e n a l Code,
I n a c c o rd a n c e w i t h p a ra g ra p h 73 c f t h e P e n a l Gode,
t h e p e n a l t y t o be i n f l i c t e d was t h a t im oosod u n d e r p a ra g ra p h 125
o f th e P e n a l Code , s in c e t h i s c la u s e p r o v i d e s th e h e a v i e s t p e n a l t y .
I n d e t o r a i n i n g th e p e n a l t y , a c c o u n t was ta k e n c f th e
f a c t t h a t , e x c e p t f o r H am p f, G rc s s a n d S c h i l k o w s k i , who had o n ly
r e c e i v e d m i n o r s e n to n c o s and n o t i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h an o f f e n c e
o f t h i s n a t u r e , t h e accused had n o t been p r e v i o u s l y c o n v i c t e d ,
and t h a t ih e y w e re to some e x t e n t e x c i t e d "by the w h o le
a tm o sp h e re o f t h e p l e b i s c i t e c e l e b r a t i o n s and by th e speeches
made on t h a t o c c a s io n , a n d a l s o by th e f a l s e r e p o r t t h a t
p r o v o c a t i v e I ' c l i s h songs w e re b e in g sun g and i n f l a m m a t o r y
speeches b e in g made a t Paws lu s y le - s . T h is e x c i t e m e n t was
f u r t h e r i n c r e a s e d by th e e m b i t t e r m c n t c f m o s t o f th e a c c u s e d ,
who had s u f f e r e d f r o m a c t s c f v i o l e n c e , e i t h e r i n t h e i r own
p e rs o n o r i n th o s e o f t h e i r "ami l i e s , a t t h e hands o f i n s u r g e n t s
i n P o l i s h U pp e r S i l e s i a , a n d had had t o f l e e f r o m t h e d i s t r i c t
on t h a t a c c o u n t , t o t h e i r m a t e r i a l lo s s . ,
T o r t h e s e r e a s o n s e x t e n u a t i n g c i r c u m s t a n c e s w ere
a l l o w e d i n f a v o u r o f a l l the a c c u s e d ,
An a g g r a v a t i n g c i r c u m s t a n c e i n the case o f Eampf
was t h a t , as an o l d e r man, he had a b use d h i s p o s i t i o n as a l e a d e r
i n th e T r a d i t i o n s k o m p a g n ie a n d , t o g e t h e r w i t h th e o t h e r a c c u s e d ,
em p loyed b r a t a l m e thods a g a i n s t a m e e l i n g w h ic h was m a in l y
a t t e n d e d by women and c h i l d r e n ^
I n h i s c a s e , t h e r e f o r e , im p r is o n m e n t f o r e i g h t months
seemed a j u s t p e n a l t y . As r e g a r d s c:ie a c c u s e d M i l l i e r , S te p h a n ,
M e r ta , P a w la s and S k la d n y , th e m in im um l e g a l p e n a l t y o f s i x
m o n th s1 im p r i s o n m e n t ea ch a n d , as r e g a r d s t h e a c c u s e d W e is s ,
G o g o l l o k , S o h w i e r t z , S c h i l k o w s k i , E l o t z s e h e , H a jd u k , A n d r a c z e k ,
G ro s s , P r z y b i l l a . H oppe , l i i e w e r t , F a m u .ll a , Eos ma, E l i n , G a e r t i g ,
K ie rm a s c h e k and Z e n g e r , th e m in im um p e n a l t y o f t h r e e m o n th s^
im p r is o n m e n t e a c h , w e re c o n s id e r e d a d e q u a te ,
~ 27 -
The d e c is io n r e g a r d in g co s ts i s based upon
paragraphs 465 and 467 o f th e R e g u la t io n s g o v e rn in g p e n a l
p ro c e d u re .
(S ig n e d ) HIMM1 (S ig n e d ) PERL.
Done a t Beuthen i n U pper S i l e s i a .
May 11-th , 19 20 .
(S ig n e d ) SCHOLICH.
Employed as N o ta r y in the o f f i c e of th e D i s t r i c t C o u r t .
Stamp of th e P r u s s ia n D i s t r i c tC o u r t o f Beuthen in U p p e r S i l e s i a „