not guilty: the psychology of crime investigations celine van g… · a vicious crime was committed...
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Not Guilty: The Psychology of Crime Investigations
Presented byDr Celine van GoldeFaculty of Science, School of Psychology
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Causes of wrongful convictions
https://www.innocenceproject.org/
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The tendency to search for or interpret information that
confirms your beliefs and ignore information that
contradicts it
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Confidence
Confidence inflates over time
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Memory is reconstructive
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Your memory of an event is
affected by many factors
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Memory stages
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“Obvious Factors”
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Memory stages
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The influence of questions and suggestions
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The Influence of questions and suggestions
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1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9
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Memory BlindnessWhen a person fails to perceive alterations made to
their previous memory reports (Cochran, Greenspan, Bogart, & Loftus, 2016).
Choice Blindness
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Recall Memory and Modality
vs
VS
Sagana, Sauerland, & Merckelbach (2017); Brown, Cullen & van Golde, (in prep)
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Method
N=67
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Results
67.1657.46 49.25
32.8442.54 50.75
0102030405060708090
100
Conc
urrent D
etectio
n
Retrospe
ctive
…
Overall
Detectio
n
Man
ipul
atio
ns (
%)
Memory Blindness
Memory blind Detecting37.5
43.38
28.03
41.67
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Concurrent Detection Retrospective Detection
Misinfomation Detection Rate
Handrwiting Typing
9.93
19.85
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Integration
Misinformation Integration Rate
Handrwiting Typing
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Further Factors
- Item similarity;
- Difficulty;
- Confidence;
- Online presentation;
/
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1. Voluntary False Confession
2. Coerced Compliant False Confession
3. Coerced Internalised False Confession
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First Impressions
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A vicious crime was committed on the 30th of August 2015. You will now see photos of different people. For each person, on a scale from 0 to 200, please indicate how likely is it that the depicted person committed the
crime.
A vicious rape was committed on the 30th of August 2015. You will now see photos of different people. For each person, on a scale from 0 to 200, please indicate how likely is it that the depicted person committed the crime
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First Impressions
Testing the Steven Avery Effect: Are Exonerees at an Increased Risk of Being Convicted of a New Offense? Smalarz, Melishkevich, BA, Muñoz, & Shelton, (2020)
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What do we learn from this?
Overhaul of various police and trial procedures
Legal Reform
Focus on preventing
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Overall Remarks
–Memory Blindness is a robust finding for recall memory (when an experimenter is present)
– It does not appear that recall modality affects the occurrence as much as specific task details/requirements
–This indicates a true issue within applied settings