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Northrop Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd
Preliminary Contamination Assessment
82- 102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah, NSW
7 June 2016
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Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey Geotechnics Pty Ltd ABN: 93 056 929 483
i
Preliminary Contamination Assessment
Prepared for Northrop Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd Level 2, 88 Phillip St, Parramatta NSW 2150
Prepared by Coffey Geotechnics Pty Ltd Level 19, Tower B, Citadel Tower 799 Pacific Highway Chatswood NSW 2067 Australia t: +61 2 9406 1119 f: +61 2 9911 1003
7 June 2016
Attention: Mr Mal brown
Our ref: GEOTLCOV25627AA-AC
Dear Mal,
Coffey Geotechnics Pty Ltd (Coffey) is pleased to present this report on a Preliminary Contamination Assessment at Lot 1 DP 795498, and Lot 2 DP 126471 (82-102 Amundsen Street), Leumeah, NSW
The document titled “Important Information about your Coffey Environmental Report” should be read in conjunction with this report. Should you have any questions in relation to this report, please do not hesitate to contact the undersigned.
For and on behalf of Coffey
James Boyle Senior Environmental Scientist
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey Geotechnics Pty Ltd ABN: 93 056 929 483
ii
Quality information
Revision history
Revision Description Date Author Reviewer
AC Final 08/06/2016 James Boyle Colee Quayle
Distribution
Report Status No. of copies Format Distributed to Date
AC 1 PDF Northrop Consulting Engineers P/L (Mal Brown)
08/06/2016
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey Geotechnics Pty Ltd ABN: 93 056 929 483
iii
Executive summary
Northrop Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd (Northrop) is currently in the process of applying for a rezoning of Lot 1 DP 795498, and Lot 2 DP 126471 (82-102 Amundsen Street), Leumeah, NSW (hereafter referred to as ‘the site’). The site is to be rezoned to allow residential development, and to support the rezoning application to Campbelltown City Council (Council), Northrop requires a preliminary contamination assessment (PCA) to be undertaken at the site.
The objective of the assessment was to determine the likely level of contamination associated with previous land uses of the subject areas, and determine the need for further investigations and potential remediation. This report provides the results of the PCA.
The scope of work developed to meet this objective included a review of site history information and site walkover. The results of the desk study and site walkover were interpreted and assessed with respect to these objectives.
Site history information indicates that the site is situated within a rural residential area of Leumeah and has operated as a rural farming property since the early 20th century. Farming activities have included cattle and horse grazing, and crop/orchard growing. Orchard growing had progressively reduced in scale by 1984. Two residences (and associated sheds) are present on-site, in addition to septic tanks/absorption areas and an existing and infilled dam. The off-site sports field (Biehler Reserve) was formerly a quarry, and was backfilled with unknown soil by 1984.
There were some gaps in the site history, which cannot preclude other potentially contaminating activities occurring or additional structures having been present at the site. Five potential Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs) and associated contaminants of concern were identified at the site, including:
AEC 1: Imported fill within the former dam in Lot 2;
AEC 2: Sediments within the dam in Lot 1, and the former dam in Lot 2, due to potential accumulation of pesticides and metals from elsewhere on the site via surface runoff ;);
AEC 3: Former orchards (and other crop growing areas) due to potential former application of pesticides;
AEC 4: Existing dwellings and immediate surrounds due to:
Potential weathering of hazardous building materials of site structures;
Septic tanks and absorption trenches (moderate to high likelihood of contamination);;
Storage of chemicals; and
Potential application of pesticides around buildings
AEC 5: Biehler reserve to the south of the site due to potential migration of contamination beneath the site (low to moderate likelihood of contamination);
Based on available information, the likelihood of contamination within these AECs was assessed as low to high.
Further investigation would be required to assess the nature of contamination (if present) and risk it may pose to human health and the environment. This commonly involves directly assessing the AEC’s through intrusive investigation to establish contamination status of the site and whether remediation and/or management of contamination (if identified) is warranted. Intrusive works could be undertaken in conjunction with future intrusive geotechnical investigation works (if undertaken).
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey Geotechnics Pty Ltd ABN: 93 056 929 483
iv
This executive summary must be read in conjunction with the full report and in the context of the attached “Important Information about your Coffey Environmental Report” and “Important Information about your Coffey Report” and to the statement of limitations in Section 10 of this report.
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey Geotechnics Pty Ltd ABN: 93 056 929 483
v
Abbreviations
ACM Asbestos Containing Materials
AEC Area of Environmental Concern
AHD Australian Height Datum
AST Aboveground Storage Tank
bgs below ground surface
BTEX Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes
COPC Chemical of potential concern
CSM Conceptual Site Model
NEPM National Environment Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure
OCP Organochlorine Pesticide
OPP Organophosphorus Pesticide
PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl
PCA Preliminary Contamination Assessment
TRH Total Recoverable Hydrocarbons
UST Underground Storage Tank
VHC Volatile Halogenated Compounds
VOC Volatile Organic Compound
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey Geotechnics Pty Ltd ABN: 93 056 929 483
vi
Table of contents
Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................................... v
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1
2. Scope of works ............................................................................................................................ 1
3. Summary of site details and surroundings .................................................................................. 1
3.1. Site identification ............................................................................................................... 1
3.2. Topography, drainage, soil, geology & hydrogeology ....................................................... 2
4. Site history ................................................................................................................................... 3
4.1. Summary of site history ..................................................................................................... 3
4.2. Summary of site history ..................................................................................................... 4
4.3. Gaps in the site history ...................................................................................................... 5
5. Site observations ......................................................................................................................... 5
6. Potential contamination sources and associated contaminants of potential concern ................. 9
7. Conceptual site model ............................................................................................................... 12
7.1. Potential exposure pathways .......................................................................................... 12
7.2. Primary release mechanisms .......................................................................................... 12
7.3. Potential receptors .......................................................................................................... 12
7.3.1. Onsite ................................................................................................................. 12
7.3.2. Offsite ................................................................................................................. 13
8. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 14
9. References ................................................................................................................................ 15
10. Limitations ................................................................................................................................. 15
Important Information about your Coffey Environmental Report
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey Geotechnics Pty Ltd ABN: 93 056 929 483
vii
Tables
Table 1: Site Identification Details ................................................................................................... 1
Table 2: Topography, drainage, geology and hydrogeology ....................................................... 2
Table 3: Summary of site history .................................................................................................... 3
Table 4: Summary of Potentially Contaminating Activities, Potential Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC), Likelihood of Contamination and Contaminants of Potential Concern (COPC) ........................................................................................................ 10
Figures
Figure 1: Site Layout showing Site Features
Figure 2: Approximate Areas of Environmental Concern
Appendices
Appendix A - Lotsearch search reports
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey GEOTLCOV26627AA-AC 7 June 2016
1
1. Introduction
Northrop Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd (Northrop) is currently in the process of applying for a rezoning of Lot 1 DP 795498, and Lot 2 DP 126471 (82-102 Amundsen Street), Leumeah, NSW (hereafter referred to as ‘the site’). The site is to be rezoned to allow residential development, and to support the rezoning application to Campbelltown City Council (Council), Northrop requires a preliminary contamination assessment (PCA) to be undertaken at the site. The site location is shown on Figure 1.
A preliminary geotechnical assessment was also undertaken at the site by Coffey and reported separately (report reference GEOTLCOV25627AA-AB, dated 3 June 2016). This PCA report should be read in conjunction with the geotechnical report.
The objective of the assessment was to determine the likely level of contamination associated with previous land uses of the subject areas, and determine the need for further investigations and potential remediation. This report provides the results of the PCA.
2. Scope of works The work carried out by Coffey to meet the above objectives included:
Review of published information (e.g. topographic, geological, soil landscape maps).
Specific information reviewed for assessing the likelihood of potential contamination to exist at the site included review of: historical title records, historical aerial photographs, a search of NSW EPA records; and holding interviews with persons familiar with the history of the site;
A site walkover to visually assess potential sources of contamination, observe surrounding land uses, topography, drainage, nearby sensitive environments, and assess details of the site history and desk study to further assess potential areas of environmental concern (AECs) and contaminants of potential concern (COPCs).
Preparation of this report summarising results of the desk study and site walkover and making conclusions and recommendations with respect to the objectives outlined in Section Introduction1.
3. Summary of site details and surroundings
3.1. Site identification
Site identification details and surrounding land uses are summarised in Table 1. The site layout and surrounding areas are shown on Figure 1.
Table 1: Site Identification Details
Address: 82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah, NSW
Title identification: Lots 1 DP795498, Lot 1 DP709918 and Lot 2 DP126471
Area (approx.): 4.2ha
Local government area: Campbelltown City Council
County: St Peter
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey GEOTLCOV26627AA-AC 7 June 2016
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Parish: Cumberland
Zoning: DM – ‘Deferred Matter’ under Campbelltown City Council Local Environment Plan 2015.
Current and proposed land use:
Rural / residential (current). Residential (proposed).
Adjoining land uses: West: Amundsen Street followed by low density residential East: Hansens Road followed by low density residential South: Leumeah Road followed by sports fields (Biehler Reserve) North: Baptist Church (northwest) and vacant grassland/trees (northeast)
Site coordinates: 301425 E; 6230206 N (based on the northwestern corner of the site boundary)
3.2. Topography, drainage, soil, geology & hydrogeology
Table 2 summarises topography, drainage, soil, geology and hydrogeology associated with the site. Topography, drainage, soil and geology information was obtained from Lotsearch (refer to Appendix A).
Table 2: Topography, drainage, geology and hydrogeology
Elevation:
Between 128m (northwest boundary) and 114m (southeast boundary) above Australian Height Datum (AHD)
General slope direction:
The site ground surface slopes down from north-west to south-east with the crest of the plateau located towards the north-west corner of the site. The southern boundary of the site (along Leumeah Road) has been cut exposing natural soil/rock.
Closest surface water body:
A tributary of Peter Meadows Creek approximately 50m southeast of the site
Drainage: The site is generally grassed meaning surface water runoff is likely to follow the topographical slope. Some infiltration of surface water into the underlying soils is expected. There is an existing on-site dam along the eastern boundary which is likely to receive surface runoff in this area of the site.
Regional geology: The site locality is underlain by Ashfield Shale comprising black to dark-grey Shale and Laminite
Mining Subsidence There are no mining subsidence districts within 1km of the site.
Ecology Under the NSW EPA’s Threatened Ecological Community database, there is an area mapped as ‘shale sandstone transition forest’ in the eastern site boundary. There is also a small area in the centre of the site mapped as ‘urban exotic/native’, however this category has not been assessed by NSW EPA.
Soil landscape The site is underlain by residual “Blacktown” soils and notes that potential issues for development may include moderate reactivity, high plasticity subsoils.
Groundwater bore search:
There are no registered bores within 1km of the site.
Site specific soil and geology:
Based on site observations made on the site as part of the geotechnical assessment (Coffey, 2016), exposed shale outcrops were observed along the southern boundary and southwestern corner of the site. Observations of a rock cut along Leumeah Road indicated that there are residual clay soils overlying weathered shale. Two shale outcrops were observed on the ground surface in the western side of the site.
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey GEOTLCOV26627AA-AC 7 June 2016
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Depth to groundwater: Seepages were not observed along the cut face along the southern site boundary during the geotechnical investigation. Depth to groundwater is likely to be greater than 5m, with local seepage layers potentially present near the existing dam. (Coffey, 2016)
Inferred groundwater flow direction:
South-easterly direction (based on topography)
4. Site history
4.1. Summary of site history
Information on the Site history was obtained from:
Obtaining a Lotsearch report for the site, which included historical aerial photographs, searches of various NSW EPA registers, and a historical land title search),
Interview with a local resident currently living in 82 Amundsen Street who was familiar with site activities having lived on the site since at least the 1960’s.
The site history information is presented in Appendix A and a summary is provided below. Relevant historical details are shown on Figure 1.
Table 3: Summary of site history
Historical aerial photography
1956, 1961, 1965 & 1970. Two buildings (and miscellaneous objects nearby) were present in the western portion of Lot 1 DP126471, in addition to what appears to be an orchard. There appears to be a dam in the western area of this Lot, adjacent Amundsen Street, and another dam near the central eastern boundary of the site. Offsite, there is a structure (possible building) in the northern area of Lot 1 DP709918. The remainder of the site appears to be a grassed paddock. Surrounding land use is generally low intensity agricultural. The property to the south of the site (beyond Leumeah Road), appears to a quarry with several excavations present.
1984. The dam in the western portion of the site is no longer visible. There are fewer objects surrounding the two buildings in Lot 1 DP126471. Off-site, there is an L-shaped (possibly residential) building within Lot 1 DP709918, and the existing building on this Lot appears to have been demolished. The excavation within the property to the south of the site appears to have been infilled. The remainder of the site and surrounding land use appears similar, noting that residential developments have progressively increased to the west of the site.
1994. The dam in the western area of the site appears to be infilled. In Lot 1 DP126471, there is an additional square shaped structure in-between the two buildings and the suspected orchard is not visible. There are several structures in the northwestern corner of Lot 1DP795498 – it is suspected that this is a residential property with supporting sheds, etc. The remainder of the site and surrounding land use appears similar.
2006 & 2009. There are additional objects surrounding both clusters of buildings in the northwestern and central western areas of the site. The remainder of the site and surrounding land use appear similar to the previous aerial photographs.
Site Interview The Coffey field engineer spoke with a resident of 82 Amundsen Street (Lot 1) during the site walkover. This resident had lived on the property all her life (at least 50 years), and her family had owned the property since the early 20th century. The majority of the site was cleared in the early 20th century, and used for general farming purposes including horse and cattle grazing, and crops. In the latter 20th century, the pea, corn and fruit orchards were present near the
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey GEOTLCOV26627AA-AC 7 June 2016
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residential properties located along Amundsen Road.
A dam was present near 102 Amundsen Street (Lot 2 DP126471), which was infilled several decades ago with soil from an unknown source. Since then, the dam has been used as an absorption area of their septic tanks. The resident was unaware of large scale chemical storage or application being historically applied to crops with the exception of a few commercially available chemicals in small quantities stored in backyard sheds (such as pesticides, fertiliser, lubricants etc). The fibro house in this area is approximately 80 years old.
The resident was not aware of any illegally dumped fill or uncontrolled fill in other filled areas within the site. No other buildings have been present on the site. The sports fields to the south of Leumeah Road used to be a quarry, and it was backfilled with imported fill and turned into a sports field several years ago.
NSW EPA Registers
No listing for this site.
A nearby property (former Endeavour Energy depot), located at Pembroke Road Minto, was notified to NSW EPA under the CLM Act. The depot, located 890m to the north of the site, was deemed by the NSW EPA to not require regulation under the CLM Act.
There are no properties with an active Protection of the Environment Operations (POEO) licence. Former license numbers (4653, 4838, 6630 and 6651) were held by various individuals and organisations and related to the application of herbicides near waterways throughout the region. These licenses were surrendered to the NSW EPA.
Title Search A title search was undertaken of Lot 1 DP795498 and Lot 2 DP126471. The title search indicated that the Lots have been owned by a variety of individuals since 1916. From 1916 to 1985, the listed occupations of the owners were ‘orchardist’.
Heritage Items There are no state heritage items located on the site.
Other information
The Lotsearch report stated that the following activities/sites are not situated within or adjacent the site:
former gasworks , UPSS Sensitive Zones or National Waste Management Site within 1km of the site;
No records in the 1991 business director relating to motor garages and service stations within 150m of the site.
4.2. Summary of site history
The following is a summary of the site history search:
The site has operated as a rural farming property since the early 20th century. Part of these farming operations have included cattle and horse grazing, and crop/orchard growing. Orchard growing has reduced in scale by 1984;
Two residences are present on-site. A residence in the western side of Lot 2 since the 1930’s, and a residence in the northwestern side of Lot 1 since at least 1994.
At least two dams were present on the site. One of these dams (in the western area of Lot 2) was infilled between 1970 and 1984 and now used as an adsorption pit for septic tank waste.
The off-site sports field to the south of Leumeah road was formerly a quarry, and was backfilled by 1984. The quality and source of materials used the backfill of the former quarry are unknown.
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey GEOTLCOV26627AA-AC 7 June 2016
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4.3. Gaps in the site history
The following gaps in the site history were identified:
Limited information is available on the amount and type of chemicals (such as pesticides) that may have been stored and applied on the western areas of the site, during the site’s historical use as an orchard (i.e. pre 1970’s). Availability of people familiar with this detail of the site’s early history was limited during within the delivery period of this report.
Fill of unknown quality and origin, used to fill the dam in the western area of the site. Based on the local topography, there does not appear to have been filling in other areas of the site.
The type of fill material used to backfill the former quarry to the south of Leumeah road (the current day Biehler Reserve) is unknown. Further desk based investigations targeting this Lot may provide additional information.
5. Site observations Site observations were made by Coffey on 31 May 2016. The following site features were observed and also shown on Figure 1 and Photos 1 to 10.
A ridgeline extending in the north-south direction is located along the western end of the site (about 50m to 60m from Amundsen St). The dwellings and other associated sheds/carports on both lots (DP795498 and DP126471) are positioned on this ridgeline. East of the dwellings, the natural ground surface of the site is gently undulating and sloping downwards from west to east.
The site is generally grassed and slightly sloped downwards towards the southeast. A road cutting (up to 4m in height) was observed along the southern boundary of the site on Leumeah Road. The cut is composed of residual soil overlying extremely to moderately weathered shale bedrock.
Lot 1 DP795498
The residence on Lot 1 DP795498 comprised a single storey fibro house (with brick cladding) potentially containing asbestos. The house had a metal roof, and several small metal sheds were observed to the east.
An in ground septic tank was observed (Photograph 1). The tank drained to an absorption trench located approximately 20m to the southeast of the property (Photograph 2).
The sheds contained a variety of tools, farming equipment (fencing poles, metal wire), and relatively small quantities (<100L) of chemicals including lubricant oil, household cleaning products, fuel for lawnmowers, and detergents). Flaking paint was observed on the exterior of some sheds.
Two empty 200L drums were observed in the backyard of the residence (Photograph 3). An above ground steel tank (AST) and two IBC containers were also observed in this area (Photograph 4). The AST and containers were used for storing rainwater collected from the roof of the residential dwelling and sheds.
Areas of apparent oil staining on the ground surface were not observed. No evidence of fibre cement fragments (potentially containing asbestos (ACM)) or flaking paint was observed on the ground surface.
A small farm dam was located at the south-eastern corner of Lot 1 (Photograph 5). During the site visit, the dam was observed to be dry.
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey GEOTLCOV26627AA-AC 7 June 2016
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Lot 2 DP126471
A residence is situated in the eastern side of Lot 2 comprised of a single storey fibro house (Photograph 6).
A single storey metal shed was located to the south of the house (Photograph 7). The shed had wooden floors and house a variety of farming equipment including timber, hay bales, tractor and associated attachments (Photograph 8). Areas of apparent oil staining on the ground surface were not observed.
No evidence of fibre cement fragments (potentially containing asbestos (ACM)) or flaking paint was observed on the ground surface.
A small amount (<50L) of chemicals were stored in the shed, including mechanical grease, coolant and lubricant oil. Three empty 200L drums were observed in the shed.
An in ground septic tank was located to the south of the house (Photograph 9).
A small depression (the former dam mentioned during the site interview) was observed to the east of the residence (Photograph 10). The former dam is used as an absorption pit for the septic tank located adjacent the residence to the west. The ground surface was observed to be boggy.
Pre
limin
ary
Co
ntam
inat
ion
Ass
essm
ent-
No.
82-1
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um
eah
Cof
fey
GE
OT
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627A
A-A
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ne 2
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7
Pho
togr
aph
1 –
sept
ic ta
nk in
Lot
1
Pho
togr
aph
2 –
Abs
orpt
ion
area
to th
e so
uth
east
of
the
resi
den
ce.
The
pip
ew
ork
is s
ourc
ed fr
om th
e se
ptic
tank
Pho
togr
aph
3 –
200
L dr
ums
in th
e ba
ckya
rd
Pho
togr
aph
4 –
AS
T a
nd IB
C c
onta
iner
col
lect
ing
rain
wa
ter
P
hoto
gra
ph 5
– D
am in
so
uth
-eas
tern
cor
ner
of L
ot
1
Pre
limin
ary
Co
ntam
inat
ion
Ass
essm
ent-
No.
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ndse
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um
eah
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fey
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OT
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ne 2
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8
P
hoto
grap
h 6
– R
esid
entia
l dw
elli
ng
in L
ot 2
Pho
togr
aph
7 –
entr
ance
to th
e sh
eds
in L
ot 2
Pho
togr
aph
8 –
Tra
ctor
and
equ
ipm
ent
with
in th
e sh
ed
P
hoto
grap
h 9
– S
eptic
tank
Pho
togr
aph
10 –
For
mer
infil
led
dam
/ S
eptic
abs
orpt
ion
area
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey GEOTLCOV26627AA-AC 7 June 2016
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6. Potential contamination sources and associated contaminants of potential concern
Site history information and site observations indicate that a number of potentially contaminating activities have occurred at the site. These activities and potential sources of include:
Imported fill within the former dam in Lot 2;
Sediments within the dam in Lot 1, and the former dam in Lot 2, due to potential accumulation of pesticides and metals from elsewhere on the site via surface runoff;
Former orchards (and other crop growing areas) due to potential former application of pesticides;
Existing dwellings and immediate surrounds due to:
Potential weathering of hazardous building materials of site structures;
Septic tanks and absorption trenches;
Storage of chemicals; and
Potential application of pesticides around buildings.
Biehler reserve to the south of the site due to potential migration of ground gas beneath the site.
The likelihood of these activities and potential sources of contamination occurring onsite and associated Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) and Contaminants of Potential Concern (COPCs) based is discussed in Table 4. A figure showing the approximate location of AECs is included in Figure 2,
Pre
limin
ary
Co
ntam
inat
ion
Ass
essm
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10
Tab
le 4
: S
um
mar
y o
f P
ote
nti
ally
Co
nta
min
atin
g A
ctiv
itie
s, P
ote
nti
al A
reas
of
En
viro
nm
enta
l Co
nce
rn (
AE
C),
Lik
elih
oo
d o
f C
on
tam
inat
ion
an
d C
on
tam
inan
ts o
f P
ote
nti
al C
on
cern
(C
OP
C)
AE
C
Po
ten
tial
ly
Co
nta
min
atin
g
Ac
tivi
ty/S
ou
rce
Su
b C
om
po
nen
t /
Des
crip
tio
n
Po
ten
tial
Are
as o
f E
nvi
ron
men
tal
Co
nce
rn
(see
Fig
ure
2)
Lik
elih
oo
d o
f C
on
tam
inat
ion
* P
ote
nti
al
Ch
emic
als
of
Co
nce
rn
1 Im
port
ed F
ill w
ithin
th
e fo
rmer
dam
in
Lot 2
Fill
of u
nkn
ow
n q
ualit
y a
nd
orig
in w
as u
sed
to b
ackf
ill
the
form
er d
am in
Lot
2
Con
tam
inat
ion
coul
d be
ass
ocia
ted
with
fill
so
ils u
sed
to in
fill d
am, i
mpa
ctin
g
natu
ral s
oils
loca
ted
bene
ath
the
dam
, an
d sh
allo
w g
rou
ndw
ater
(if
pres
ent
)
Soi
l and
gro
undw
ater
med
ia p
oten
tially
impa
cted
.
Lo
w t
o m
od
erat
e lik
elih
ood
of
cont
amin
atio
n.
Litt
le in
form
atio
n is
kno
wn
abo
ut th
e fil
l. S
ome
org
anic
co
ntam
inan
ts (
if pr
esen
t) m
ay
have
deg
rade
d s
ince
this
tim
e. S
ite h
isto
ry in
form
atio
n in
dica
tes
that
the
form
er d
am w
as
infil
led
at s
om
e po
int b
etw
een
19
70 a
nd 1
984
with
fill
of u
nkn
ow
n qu
alit
y a
nd o
rigin
.
TR
H, B
TE
X,
PA
Hs,
OC
Ps,
O
PP
s,
Asb
esto
s,
PC
Bs,
met
als
2 D
ams
Sed
imen
ts fr
om c
urre
nt
and
form
er d
am
s co
uld
cont
ain
cont
amin
atio
n fr
om s
urfa
ce r
uno
ff in
ot
her
imp
acte
d a
reas
S
ite h
isto
ry h
as id
ent
ifie
d tw
o fa
rm d
ams,
one
infil
led
and
the
othe
r st
ill in
us
e.
Con
tam
inat
ion
wo
uld
typ
ical
ly b
e pr
ese
nt w
ithin
the
fill m
ater
ials
use
d to
fil
l the
dam
and
pos
sib
ly d
am s
edim
ents
from
run
off f
rom
ups
lope
are
as.
Soi
l and
gro
undw
ater
med
ia p
oten
tially
impa
cted
.
Lo
w t
o m
od
erat
e, d
epen
din
g o
n lo
catio
n of
con
tam
inat
ion
(if p
rese
nt)
in o
ther
AE
Cs
in th
e vi
cini
ty o
f the
da
ms.
Dam
wa
lls c
an s
omet
imes
be
cons
truc
ted
of im
port
ed fi
ll a
nd d
ams
can
also
be
use
d fo
r di
spos
al
or a
ccum
ula
tion
of c
onta
min
ant
s fr
om u
pslo
pe a
reas
of t
he s
ite.
TR
H, P
AH
, m
etal
s,
OC
P/O
PP
3 F
orm
er o
rcha
rds
in
we
ster
n ar
ea o
f th
e si
te
Pot
entia
l ap
plic
atio
n of
pe
stic
ides
in o
rcha
rds
and
ot
her
are
as u
sed
for
crop
gr
ow
th
Che
mic
als
(su
ch a
s pe
stic
ide
s) c
ould
hav
e b
een
app
lied
to th
e or
char
ds a
nd
othe
r cr
op g
row
ing
area
s in
the
wes
tern
are
a of
the
site
. D
epe
ndin
g o
n th
e vo
lum
e of
che
mic
als
used
, met
hod
of a
pplic
atio
n, a
nd
time
fram
e of
ap
plic
atio
n, c
ont
amin
atio
n m
ay
be p
rese
nt in
nea
r su
rfac
e so
ils, o
r m
ay
hav
e m
igra
ted
to s
hallo
w g
roun
dw
ater
(if
pres
ent)
Soi
l med
ia p
oten
tially
impa
cted
.
Mo
der
ate
likel
ihoo
d of
con
tam
inat
ion.
Li
ttle
info
rmat
ion
is k
now
n ab
out t
he a
pplic
atio
n of
che
mic
als
in
this
are
a.
Ne
wer
pes
ticid
e a
nd
herb
icid
es g
ene
rally
de
gra
de
with
in a
few
mon
ths.
Lim
ited
info
rmat
ion
is a
vaila
ble
con
cern
ing
the
type
of p
estic
ides
use
d in
195
0’s
or
1960
’s,
whi
ch m
ay
have
bee
n m
ore
pers
iste
nt th
an m
oder
n p
estic
ides
. It
is u
nlik
ely
the
orga
nic
com
pone
nt o
f pe
stic
ides
/ he
rbic
ides
pot
ent
ially
use
d w
ill p
ersi
st a
t lev
els
unac
cept
able
to h
uman
hea
lth h
ow
ever
; res
idu
al h
eav
y m
etal
s m
ay
still
be
pres
ent i
n ne
ar s
urfa
ce s
oils
.
Reg
ion
al g
roun
dw
ater
is g
reat
er th
an 5
m d
eep
and
unl
ikel
y to
be
imp
acte
d; h
ow
ever
per
ched
gr
ound
wat
er m
ay
tra
nspo
rt c
hem
ical
s in
to o
nsi
te d
ams
and
loca
l cre
eks.
It
is e
xpec
ted
tha
t ve
rtic
al
mig
ratio
n of
bo
th th
e or
gani
c an
d m
eta
ls c
om
pon
ents
of p
estic
ides
wou
ld b
e sl
ow
ed
in a
reas
wh
ere
cla
yey
grou
nd
cond
ition
s (s
uch
as r
esid
ual s
hale
) e
xist
.
Nut
rient
app
licat
ion
is m
ore
likel
y to
adv
erse
ly im
pact
rec
eiv
ing
wat
er b
odi
es (
e.g.
site
da
ms)
rat
her
than
so
ils.
Acc
umul
atio
n or
ove
ruse
of n
utrie
nts
can
caus
e al
gal b
loom
s, a
nd r
edu
ctio
n in
wat
er
qual
ity.
OC
Ps,
OP
Ps,
he
avy
met
als
4 E
xist
ing
resi
dent
ial
dw
ellin
g an
d im
med
iate
su
rrou
nds
Wea
ther
ing
of h
azar
dous
bu
ildin
g m
ater
ials
suc
h as
le
ad
pain
t, A
CM
and
ga
lvan
ised
iron
. P
oten
tially
pre
sent
aro
und
ex
istin
g si
te s
truc
ture
s (a
nd a
reas
wh
ere
form
er
stru
ctur
es m
ay
have
be
en
pres
ent
).
Typ
ical
ly c
onta
min
atio
n as
soci
ated
with
this
AE
C is
ide
ntifi
ed
adja
cent
to
exis
ting
stru
ctur
es o
r in
are
as w
her
e de
mo
litio
n ha
s ta
ken
plac
e.
Are
as
arou
nd fo
rmer
str
uctu
res
coul
d al
so b
e af
fect
ed if
app
ropr
iate
rem
ova
l of
haza
rdou
s bu
ildin
g m
ater
ials
did
not
occ
ur p
rior
to d
emo
litio
n. C
onta
min
atio
n (if
pre
sent
) w
oul
d ty
pica
lly b
e lo
cate
d in
ne
ar
surf
ace
soils
adj
acen
t to
the
cu
rren
t str
uctu
res.
Gen
eral
ly n
ear s
urfa
ce s
oil a
re p
oten
tially
affe
cted
.
Mo
der
ate
to h
igh
like
liho
od o
f so
il co
ntam
inat
ion.
B
ase
d o
n th
e ag
e of
site
str
uctu
res,
the
y ar
e lik
ely
to
have
or
still
co
ntai
n h
azar
dou
s bu
ildin
g m
ate
rials
suc
h as
asb
esto
s or
lead
bas
ed p
aint
s. O
vert
ime
haza
rdou
s bu
ildin
g m
ater
ials
we
ath
er o
r ar
e da
ma
ged,
imp
actin
g su
rrou
ndi
ng
surf
ace
soils
.
Aer
ial p
hoto
gra
phs
only
dat
e b
ack
sinc
e 1
955
. B
uild
ings
tha
t m
ay
have
be
en p
rese
nt b
efor
e th
is ti
me
coul
d ha
ve c
onta
ine
d ha
zard
ous
bui
ldin
g m
ater
ials
. H
azar
dou
s bu
ildin
g m
ater
ial r
emov
al p
ract
ices
wer
e
less
reg
ulat
ed
duri
ng th
is p
erio
d.
Inap
prop
riat
e or
inco
mpl
ete
rem
ova
l of h
azar
dous
bui
ldin
g m
ater
ials
m
ay
hav
e re
sulte
d in
pos
sib
le s
oil c
ont
amin
atio
n w
ith fr
agm
ent
s of
fibr
e ce
men
t (po
tent
ially
co
ntai
nin
g as
best
os)
ent
erin
g n
earb
y so
ils.
Bric
k fr
agm
ents
wer
e id
ent
ified
and
ma
y h
ave
been
ass
oci
ated
with
the
dem
olit
ion
of e
arlie
r si
te s
truc
ture
s.
Asb
esto
s, le
ad
, zi
nc
Sep
tic ta
nks
and
ab
sorp
tion
are
as
Tw
o se
ptic
tan
ks a
nd a
dja
cen
t ab
sorp
tion
area
s ha
ve b
een
iden
tifie
d in
the
vici
nity
of r
esid
entia
l pro
per
ties
in L
ot 1
an
d Lo
t 2.
The
re is
like
ly to
be
efflu
ent p
rese
nt i
n th
e ab
sorp
tion
area
s, a
nd
pote
ntia
lly in
the
vici
nity
of t
he
sept
ic ta
nks.
Soi
l and
gro
undw
ater
med
ia p
oten
tially
impa
cted
. Aes
thet
ic im
pact
s co
uld
be
pres
ent i
n th
ese
area
s.
Mo
der
ate
to h
igh
like
liho
od o
f so
il an
d gr
ound
wat
er c
onta
min
atio
n re
sulti
ng fr
om s
eep
age
of s
eptic
ta
nk(s
) an
d a
bso
rptio
n pi
ts o
ver
time.
P
atho
gen
s (e
.g. c
olifo
rms)
, nu
trie
nts,
m
etal
s
Sto
rage
of c
he
mic
als
(pes
ticid
es, o
ils,
lubr
ican
ts, d
eg
reas
ers)
in
shed
s
The
she
ds in
the
vici
nity
of t
he d
wel
lings
wh
ere
chem
ical
s w
ere
sto
red.
C
onta
min
atio
n (if
pre
sent
) w
oul
d ty
pica
lly b
e p
rese
nt in
nea
r su
rfac
e so
ils in
ar
eas
wh
ere
thes
e ch
emic
als
we
re s
tore
d or
use
d.
Soi
l med
ia p
oten
tially
affe
cted
.
Lo
w li
kelih
ood
of c
onta
min
atio
n. T
ypic
ally
co
ntam
inat
ion
occu
rs fr
om th
e us
e of
fuel
s, o
ils a
nd lu
bric
ant
s w
hic
h m
ay
invo
lve
inci
den
tal s
pills
and
wa
shin
g ac
tiviti
es.
Sur
face
spi
lls c
an e
nter
the
subs
urfa
ce v
ia
crac
ks o
r un
seal
ed
join
ts w
ithin
the
floor
of t
he
shed
s (o
r e
xpos
ed
soils
sur
roun
din
g th
e sh
eds)
, cau
sin
g so
il co
ntam
inat
ion.
O
ur o
bser
vatio
ns in
dica
ted
that
ther
e is
cur
rent
ly a
rel
ativ
ely
low
qu
ant
ity o
f ch
emic
als
bein
g st
ored
on
the
site
, and
no
app
aren
t ar
eas
of s
urfa
ce s
oil s
tain
ing
wer
e o
bser
ved.
TR
H ,B
TE
X,
PA
H, h
eavy
m
etal
s an
d V
HC
Pre
limin
ary
Co
ntam
inat
ion
Ass
essm
ent-
No.
82-1
02 A
mu
ndse
n S
tree
t, Le
um
eah
Cof
fey
GE
OT
LCO
V26
627A
A-A
C
7 Ju
ne 2
016
11
AE
C
Po
ten
tial
ly
Co
nta
min
atin
g
Ac
tivi
ty/S
ou
rce
Su
b C
om
po
nen
t /
Des
crip
tio
n
Po
ten
tial
Are
as o
f E
nvi
ron
men
tal
Co
nce
rn
(see
Fig
ure
2)
Lik
elih
oo
d o
f C
on
tam
inat
ion
* P
ote
nti
al
Ch
emic
als
of
Co
nce
rn
Pos
sib
le u
se o
f pes
ticid
es
near
bui
ldin
gs
Are
as n
ear
str
uctu
res
as d
escr
ibe
d ab
ove.
C
onta
min
atio
n (if
pre
sent
) w
oul
d ty
pica
lly b
e lo
cate
d in
nea
r su
rfac
e so
ils a
dja
cent
to th
e fo
rmer
str
uctu
res.
Gen
eral
ly n
ear s
urfa
ce s
oil a
re p
oten
tially
impa
cted
.
Lo
w t
o m
od
erat
e lik
elih
ood
of
soil
cont
amin
atio
n re
sulti
ng
from
the
app
licat
ion
of p
estic
ides
aro
und
build
ings
. Li
mite
d si
te h
isto
ry in
form
atio
n w
as
avai
labl
e on
pes
ticid
e a
pplic
atio
n.
Qua
ntiti
es o
f pes
ticid
es
if us
ed a
re li
kely
to b
e re
lativ
ely
sm
all.
Lim
ited
info
rmat
ion
is a
vaila
ble
con
cern
ing
the
type
of p
estic
ides
use
d in
195
0’s
or
1960
’s,
whi
ch m
ay
have
bee
n m
ore
pers
iste
nt th
an m
oder
n p
estic
ides
. It
is u
nlik
ely
the
orga
nic
com
pone
nt o
f pe
stic
ides
/ he
rbic
ides
pot
ent
ially
use
d w
ill p
ersi
st a
t lev
els
unac
cept
able
to h
uman
hea
lth h
ow
ever
; res
idu
al h
eav
y m
etal
s m
ay
still
be
pres
ent i
n ne
ar s
urfa
ce s
oils
.
Hea
vy m
etal
s,
OC
P,
OP
P
5 B
ieh
ler
rese
rve
F
ill o
f unk
no
wn
qua
lity
and
or
igin
B
ieh
ler
rese
rve
was
form
erly
situ
ated
ove
r a
quar
ry.
The
qua
rry
wa
s ba
ckfil
led
prio
r to
198
4 w
ith m
ater
ial o
f unk
no
wn
qua
lity
and
orig
in.
Thi
s qu
arry
is in
a to
pogr
aphi
cally
cro
ss g
radi
ent
/do
wn
gra
die
nt a
rea
of th
e si
te, a
nd s
oil a
nd g
roun
dw
ate
r co
ntam
inat
ion
(if p
rese
nt)
ben
eat
h th
is r
eser
ve
is u
nlik
ely
to im
pact
the
site
. H
ow
ever
, if t
he q
uarr
y w
as b
ack
fille
d w
ith
hyd
roca
rbo
n im
pact
ed s
oil
or p
utre
scib
le m
ate
rials
, gas
co
uld
mig
rate
thro
ugh
frac
ture
s in
the
roc
k to
the
site
.
Gro
und
gas
/ soi
l vap
our p
oten
tially
impa
cted
Lo
w t
o m
od
erat
e lik
elih
ood
of
soil
vapo
ur c
ont
amin
atio
n re
sulti
ng
from
the
pote
ntia
l mig
ratio
n of
gas
es.
The
res
erve
was
not
list
ed in
the
NS
W E
PA
CLM
or
PO
EO
reg
iste
rs, s
ugge
stin
g th
at th
e si
te w
as
not a
lic
ense
d la
ndf
ill s
ite.
The
loca
l res
ide
nt in
terv
iew
ed
did
not h
ave
addi
tiona
l det
ails
reg
ardi
ng th
e q
ualit
y o
f th
e fil
l. H
ow
ever
, the
typ
e of
fill
is u
nkno
wn
. F
urth
er in
form
atio
n is
re
quir
ed
on th
e lik
ely
back
fill m
ater
ials
in
the
quar
ry t
o fu
rthe
r re
fine
the
asse
ssm
ent
of r
isk
from
this
AE
C.
Met
han
e,
BT
EX
, TR
H,
VH
Cs
* It
is im
port
ant t
o no
te th
at th
is is
not
an
asse
ssm
ent o
f fin
anci
al r
isk
asso
ciat
ed w
ith t
he A
EC
in th
e ev
ent c
onta
min
atio
n is
det
ecte
d, b
ut a
qua
litat
ive
asse
ssm
ent o
f the
pro
babi
lity
of c
onta
min
atio
n be
ing
dete
cted
at t
he p
oten
tial A
EC
, ba
sed
on th
e si
te h
isto
ry s
tud
y an
d
field
obs
erva
tions
.
TR
H
Tot
al R
ecov
erab
le H
ydro
carb
ons
Hea
vy M
etal
s ar
seni
c, c
adm
ium
, chr
omiu
m, c
oppe
r, le
ad, n
icke
l, m
ercu
ry, z
inc
PC
B
Pol
ych
lorin
ate
d B
iphe
nyl
PA
H
Pol
ycyc
lic A
rom
atic
Hyd
roca
rbon
s
BT
EX
B
enze
ne, T
olue
ne, E
thyl
benz
ene,
Xyl
ene
O
CP
O
rga
noch
lorin
e P
estic
ides
OP
P
Org
ano
phos
pho
rus
Pes
ticid
es
VH
C
Vol
atile
Hal
ogen
ated
Com
pou
nd
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey GEOTLCOV26627AA-AC 7 June 2016
12
7. Conceptual site model
A conceptual site model (CSM) is a representation of site-related information regarding contamination sources, receptors and exposure pathways between those sources and receptors. The CSM is developed using information obtained from previous investigations, site history, site observations, proposed land use and expected ground conditions. Once the contamination status is understood through the sampling and analysis process, the CSM then allows the assessor to evaluate the risk posed by the contamination to the identified receptor, and whether remediation is required to manage that risk.
7.1. Potential exposure pathways
The following potential exposure pathways for contaminants have been identified:
Dermal/direct contact
Ingestion
Inhalation via vapour intrusion
Inhalation of airborne particles
Migration of groundwater
7.2. Primary release mechanisms
Leaching
Surface run off
Vapour migration
Spills
Weathering/damage (e.g. damage to hazardous building materials place onsite or found within fill)
7.3. Potential receptors
7.3.1. Onsite
In consideration of site history, site activities, evidence of potential contamination and building condition the following exposure pathways were identified for current and future onsite receptors:
The continued and proposed residential land use. In consideration of sensitive and non-sensitive land uses for the site, the potential human receptors are:
Residential users of the site under this setting through various pathways (e.g. dermal contact, inhalation, ingestion, etc.).
Workers and site visitors in buildings where asbestos, petroleum hydrocarbons and land gas are inhaled (if present).
Maintenance workers in sub-surface trenches via dust movement / petroleum vapours / land gas and direct contact with impacted soils.
Non-human receptors would include underground services that can be adversely affected upon exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons.
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey GEOTLCOV26627AA-AC 7 June 2016
13
Ecological receptors:
Currently, forested areas were observed in the western part of the site, and transient wildlife warning signs (e.g. for koalas) are visible on adjacent roadways. Transitory wildlife (if any) would be feral cats and rodents, and potentially native birds, wombats, koalas and possums. The proposed land use (residential) includes gardens and accessible soils that will be required to support plant growth for aesthetic purposes. These ecological receptors may need to be considered in the context of land contamination.
There are no registered groundwater abstraction bores within 1km of the site. The site and surrounding areas are urban residential. The area is serviced by town water thus making it less likely groundwater would be used for this purpose. However, it cannot be precluded that groundwater bores may be installed, and water abstracted for potable uses in future.
7.3.2. Offsite
Potential exposure pathways for humans and the environment are associated with the transportation of potential contamination via groundwater and surface water to offsite areas. The topography suggests that groundwater is likely to flow in a south-easterly direction towards a tributary of Peter Meadows Creek. Surface water not captured onsite is also expected to also discharge into this tributary.
Based on the data available and our initial qualitative assessment of likely contamination, the potential exposure pathways for human and environmental offsite receptors are summarised below:
Human receptors:
Peter Meadows Creek flows through several reserves which may be used for recreational activities (e.g. swimming and fishing).
Ecological receptors:
Fresh water species (e.g. crayfish, worms, etc.) where sediment is present, free swimming species (e.g. fish, tadpoles, etc.), water plants and algae.
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey GEOTLCOV26627AA-AC 7 June 2016
14
8. Conclusions
Site history information indicates that the site is situated within a rural residential area of Leumeah and has operated as a rural farming property since the early 20th century. Farming activities have included cattle and horse grazing, and crop/orchard growing. Orchard growing had progressively reduced in scale by 1984. Two residences (and associated sheds) are present on-site, in addition to septic tanks/absorption areas and an existing and infilled dam. The off-site sports field (Biehler Reserve) was formerly a quarry, and was backfilled with unknown soil by 1984.
There were some gaps in the site history, which cannot preclude other potentially contaminating activities occurring or additional structures having been present at the site. Five potential AECs were identified at the site and include:
AEC 1: Imported fill within the former dam in Lot 2 (low to moderate likelihood of contamination);
AEC 2: Sediments within the dam in Lot 1, and the former dam in Lot 2, due to potential accumulation of pesticides and metals from elsewhere on the site via surface runoff (low to moderate likelihood of contamination);
AEC 3: Former orchards (and other crop growing areas) due to potential former application of pesticides (moderate likelihood of contamination);
AEC 4: Existing dwellings and immediate surrounds due to:
Potential weathering of hazardous building materials of site structures (moderate to high likelihood of contamination);
Septic tanks and absorption trenches (moderate to high likelihood of contamination);
Storage of chemicals (low likelihood of contamination); and
Potential application of pesticides around buildings (low to moderate likelihood of contamination); and
AEC 5: Biehler reserve to the south of the site due to potential migration of contamination beneath the site (low to moderate likelihood of contamination).
Based on available information, the likelihood of contamination within these AECs was assessed as low to high.
Further investigation would be required to assess the nature of contamination (if present) and risk it may pose to human health and the environment. This commonly involves directly assessing the AEC’s through intrusive investigation to establish contamination status of the site and whether remediation and/or management of contamination (if identified) is warranted. Intrusive works could be undertaken in conjunction with future intrusive geotechnical investigation works (if undertaken).
Preliminary Contamination Assessment- No.82-102 Amundsen Street, Leumeah
Coffey GEOTLCOV26627AA-AC 7 June 2016
15
9. References 1. Coffey Geotechnics Pty Ltd (2016). Preliminary Geotechnical Assessment. No 82-102 Amundsen
Street, Leumeah, NSW. Dated 3 June 2016.
2. NEPC (2013) National Environmental Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure 1999, as amended in 2013, National Environment Protection Council;
3. NSW DEC (2006) Guidelines for the NSW Auditor Scheme, 2nd Ed;
4. NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation (1997), Wollongong Acid Sulfate Soils Risk Map 1:25,000 edition two;
5. NSW OEH (2011) Guidelines for Reporting on Contaminated Sites.
10. Limitations
Limited information is available on the early history of the site and therefore, some site activities may not have been identified. In addition, aerial photographs are up to 12 years apart and other site history information available prior to 1955 is limited. We cannot preclude that potentially contaminating activities took place during these periods. Allowances for uncertainties and potential unexpected finds should be made during planning and development phases.
It is the nature of contaminated site investigations that the degree of variability in site conditions cannot be known completely and no sampling and analysis program can eliminate all uncertainty concerning the condition of the site. Professional judgement must be exercised in the collection and interpretation of the data.
In preparing this report, current guidelines for assessment and management of contaminated land were followed. This work has been conducted in good faith in accordance with Coffey understanding of the client’s brief and general accepted practice for environmental consulting.
This report was prepared for Northrop based on the objective and scope of work list in Section 1. No warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to the information and professional advice included in this report. Anyone using this document does so at their own risk and should satisfy themselves concerning its applicability and, where necessary, should seek expert advice in relation to the particular situation.
In preparing this report, Coffey has relied on information in reports made available to Coffey by the client and prepared by other consultants. Coffey has assumed that these consultants performed the scope of works in general accordance with standard industry procedures and guidance materials at the time and that the information is suitable.
We draw your attention to the attached sheets titled "Important Information about your Coffey Environmental Report” which should be read in conjunction with this report. These information sheets are located at the end of this section.
Important information about your Coffey Environmental Report
Coffey Environments Australia Pty Ltd ABN 65 140 765 902 Page 1 of 2 Issued: 22 October 2013
Introduction
This report has been prepared by Coffey for you, as Coffey’s client, in accordance with our agreed purpose, scope, schedule and budget.
The report has been prepared using accepted procedures and practices of the consulting profession at the time it was prepared, and the opinions, recommendations and conclusions set out in the report are made in accordance with generally accepted principles and practices of that profession.
The report is based on information gained from environmental conditions (including assessment of some or all of soil, groundwater, vapour and surface water) and supplemented by reported data of the local area and professional experience. Assessment has been scoped with consideration to industry standards, regulations, guidelines and your specific requirements, including budget and timing. The characterisation of site conditions is an interpretation of information collected during assessment, in accordance with industry practice,
This interpretation is not a complete description of all material on or in the vicinity of the site, due to the inherent variation in spatial and temporal patterns of contaminant presence and impact in the natural environment. Coffey may have also relied on data and other information provided by you and other qualified individuals in preparing this report. Coffey has not verified the accuracy or completeness of such data or information except as otherwise stated in the report. For these reasons the report must be regarded as interpretative, in accordance with industry standards and practice, rather than being a definitive record. Your report has been written for a specific purpose
Your report has been developed for a specific purpose as agreed by us and applies only to the site or area investigated. Unless otherwise stated in the report, this report cannot be applied to an adjacent site or area, nor can it be used when the nature of the specific purpose changes from that which we agreed.
For each purpose, a tailored approach to the assessment of potential soil and groundwater contamination is required. In most cases, a key objective is to identify, and if possible quantify, risks that both recognised and potential contamination pose in the context of the agreed purpose. Such risks may be financial (for example, clean up costs or constraints on site use) and/or physical (for example, potential health risks to users of the site or the general public).
Limitations of the Report
The work was conducted, and the report has been prepared, in response to an agreed purpose and scope, within time and budgetary constraints, and in reliance on certain data and information made available to Coffey.
The analyses, evaluations, opinions and conclusions presented in this report are based on that purpose and scope, requirements, data or information, and they could change if such requirements or data are inaccurate or incomplete.
This report is valid as of the date of preparation. The condition of the site (including subsurface conditions) and extent or nature of contamination or other environmental hazards can change over time, as a result of either natural processes or human influence. Coffey should be kept appraised of any such events and should be consulted for further investigations if any changes are noted, particularly during construction activities where excavations often reveal subsurface conditions.
In addition, advancements in professional practice regarding contaminated land and changes in applicable statues and/or guidelines may affect the validity of this report. Consequently, the currency of conclusions and recommendations in this report should be verified if you propose to use this report more than 6 months after its date of issue.
The report does not include the evaluation or assessment of potential geotechnical engineering constraints of the site.
Interpretation of factual data
Environmental site assessments identify actual conditions only at those points where samples are taken and on the date collected. Data derived from indirect field measurements, and sometimes other reports on the site, are interpreted by geologists, engineers or scientists to provide an opinion about overall site conditions, their likely impact with respect to the report purpose and recommended actions.
Variations in soil and groundwater conditions may occur between test or sample locations and actual conditions may differ from those inferred to exist. No environmental assessment program, no matter how comprehensive, can reveal all subsurface details and anomalies. Similarly, no professional, no matter how well qualified, can reveal what is hidden by earth, rock or changed through time.
The actual interface between different materials may be far more gradual or abrupt than assumed based on the facts obtained. Nothing can be done to change the actual site conditions which exist, but
Coffey Environments Australia Pty Ltd ABN 65 140 765 902 Page 2 of 2 Issued: 22 October 2013
steps can be taken to reduce the impact of unexpected conditions.
For this reason, parties involved with land acquisition, management and/or redevelopment should retain the services of a suitably qualified and experienced environmental consultant through the development and use of the site to identify variances, conduct additional tests if required, and recommend solutions to unexpected conditions or other unrecognised features encountered on site. Coffey would be pleased to assist with any investigation or advice in such circumstances.
Recommendations in this report
This report assumes, in accordance with industry practice, that the site conditions recognised through discrete sampling are representative of actual conditions throughout the investigation area. Recommendations are based on the resulting interpretation.
Should further data be obtained that differs from the data on which the report recommendations are based (such as through excavation or other additional assessment), then the recommendations would need to be reviewed and may need to be revised.
Report for benefit of client
Unless otherwise agreed between us, the report has been prepared for your benefit and no other party. Other parties should not rely upon the report or the accuracy or completeness of any recommendation and should make their own enquiries and obtain independent advice in relation to such matters.
Coffey assumes no responsibility and will not be liable to any other person or organisation for, or in relation to, any matter dealt with or conclusions expressed in the report, or for any loss or damage suffered by any other person or organisation arising from matters dealt with or conclusions expressed in the report.
To avoid misuse of the information presented in your report, we recommend that Coffey be consulted before the report is provided to another party who may not be familiar with the background and the purpose of the report. In particular, an environmental disclosure report for a property vendor may not be suitable for satisfying the needs of that property’s purchaser. This report should not be applied for any purpose other than that stated in the report.
Interpretation by other professionals
Costly problems can occur when other professionals develop their plans based on misinterpretations of a report. To help avoid misinterpretations, a suitably qualified and experienced environmental consultant should be retained to explain the implications of the report to other professionals referring to the report and then review plans and specifications produced to see how other professionals have incorporated the report findings.
Given Coffey prepared the report and has familiarity with the site, Coffey is well placed to provide such
assistance. If another party is engaged to interpret the recommendations of the report, there is a risk that the contents of the report may be misinterpreted and Coffey disowns any responsibility for such misinterpretation.
Data should not be separated from the report
The report as a whole presents the findings of the site assessment and the report should not be copied in part or altered in any way. Logs, figures, laboratory data, drawings, etc. are customarily included in our reports and are developed by scientists or engineers based on their interpretation of field logs, field testing and laboratory evaluation of samples. This information should not under any circumstances be redrawn for inclusion in other documents or separated from the report in any way.
This report should be reproduced in full. No responsibility is accepted for use of any part of this report in any other context or for any other purpose or by third parties.
Responsibility
Environmental reporting relies on interpretation of factual information using professional judgement and opinion and has a level of uncertainty attached to it, which is much less exact than other design disciplines. This has often resulted in claims being lodged against consultants, which are unfounded. As noted earlier, the recommendations and findings set out in this report should only be regarded as interpretive and should not be taken as accurate and complete information about all environmental media at all depths and locations across the site.
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