Northern Territory Government House Education Program

Resources

Produced by Government House Foundation November 2007

Gen

eral 2

Index of Governors, Residents and Administrators of the Northern Territory

Governors, Government Residents and Administrators Governor of North Australia 21 February 1846 - Sir Charles Augustus FITZROY Government Resident for the Northern Territory of South Australia 3 March 1864 - The Honourable Boyle Travers FINNISS

27 April 1870 - Captain William Bloomfield DOUGLAS RNR

6 October 1873 - George Byng SCOTT Esq SM

1 July 1876 - Edward William PRICE Esq SM

19 March 1884 - The Honourable John Langdon PARSONS SM

16 July 1890 - John George KNIGHT Esq SM

16 February 1892 - The Honourable Mr Justice Charles James DASHWOOD SM

1 February 1905 - The Honourable Mr Justice Charles Edward HERBERT SM

1 April 1910 - The Honourable Mr Justice Samuel James MITCHELL SM

Administrator of the Northern Territory The Commonwealth assumed responsibility for the Northern Territory on 1 January 1911

25 March 1912 - Dr John Anderson GILRUTH DVSc FRSEd

Director of the Northern Territory The Position of Administrator was temporarily abolished by the Federal Government.

1 August 1919 - Henry Ernest CAREY Esq

Administrator of the Northern Territory 17 January 1921 - Frederic Charles URQUHART Esq Government Resident for Central Australia On 4 June 1926 the North Australia Act 1926 was assented to and the division of the Northern Territory into North and Central Australia took place by proclamation on 1 March 1927 1 March 1927 - John Charles CAWOOD Esq 11 December 1929 - Victor George CARRINGTON Esq Government Resident for North Australia 1 March 1927 - Lieutenant Colonel Robert Hunter WEDDELL VD After the fall of the SA Government in the 1929 election, the Northern Australia Act 1926 was repealed on 11 June 1931

Administrator of the Northern Territory 12 June 1931 - Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Hunter WEDDELL VD 29 March 1931 - The Honourable Charles Lydiard Aubrey ABBOTT 1 July 1946 - Arthur Robert DRIVER Esq AMIEAust 1 July 1951 - The Honourable Frank Joseph Scott WISE 1 July 1956 - James Clarence ARCHER OBE 1 April 1961 - The Honourable Roger Bede NOTT 1 October 1964 - Roger Levinge DEAN CStJ 4 March 1970 - The Honourable Frederick Charles CHANEY CBE AFC 10 December 1973 - John Norman NELSON 1 June 1976 - John Armstrong ENGLAND ED 1 January 1981 - Commodore Eric Eugene JOHNSTON AM OBE 1 July 1989 - The Honourable James Henry MUIRHEAD QC 1 March 1993 - The Honourable Keith John Austin ASCHE QC 17 February 1997 - Dr Neil Raymond CONN AO 31 October 2000 - John Christopher ANICTOMATIS OAM 31 October 2003 - Edward (Ted) Joseph EGAN AO 9 November 2007 – Thomas (Tom) PAULING QC The above are listed chronologically with the date of the appointment and with titles and post-nominals held at the time of appointment.

Gen

eral 3

Curriculum Vitae of the Governors, Residents and Administrators of the Northern Territory

Northern Territory Government House Education Program

Resources Curriculum Vitae of Governors Residents and Administrators

of the Northern Territory

Commodore Eric Johnston and Mrs Joan Johnston in 1982 at Government House with Her Majesty The Queen

Produced by Government House Foundation November 2007

Charles Augustus Fitzroy

Date of Birth: 10 June 1796 Place of Birth: Derbyshire England Parents: General Lord Charles Fitzroy

(second son of the third Duke of Grafton) and Frances (nee Mundy)

Education: Harrow Spouse: Married Lady Mary Lennox on 11 March 1820 (she was killed

with the ADC in a carriage accident on 7 December 1847) Married Margaret Gordon 11 December 1855

2 sons, 1 daughter Military Service: Commissioned as a Lieutenant in the Horse Guards in 1812

Served at Waterloo 1815. Promoted to Captain 1820 Deputy Adjutant-General Cape of Good Hope as Lieutenant-Colonel 1825-1831 Retired 1833 Employment History: Elected to House of Commons for Bury St Edmunds 1831

Resigned after only one session of Parliament Lieutenant-Governor Prince Edward Island 1837-1841 Lieutenant-Governor Leeward Islands 1841-1845 Governor-in-Chief New South Wales 1846-1851 Governor of North Australia 21 February 1846 to 28 December 1846

Subsequent Career: First "Governor-General of all of Her Majesty's Australian

Possessions" 1851-55 Died in London 16 February 1858

Honours and Awards: Knight of the Royal Guelphic Order (of Hanover) 1837

(no post-nominals accompany this honour although "KH" is often used to denote the award) Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the Civil Division (KCB) 1854 Waterloo Medal 1815

Memorials: Fitzroy River and Fitzroy Basin Queensland

Boyle Travers Finniss

Date of Birth: 18 August 1807 Place of Birth: At sea aboard HMS Warbey Cape of Good Hope Parents: Captain John Finniss (Paymaster

of 36th and 56th Regiments) and Susanna (nee Major)

Education: Royal Military Academy Sandhurst 1822-1825 Spouse: Married Anne Frances (nee Rogerson) of Mullingar

County Westmeath on 13 August 1835 (she died 3 January 1858) 1 son, 1 daughter Married Sophia Florence Maud (nee Lynch) 1 son, 2 daughters Military Service: Ensign 88th Regiment 1825

Promoted to Lieutenant, transferred to 56th Regiment 1827 82nd Regiment Mauritius and Ireland 1833-1836

Raised and commanded (as Captain) the Adelaide Marksmen 1840s and (as Lieutenant Colonel) the Adelaide Regiment Volunteers 1854 Resigned August 1863

Employment History: Assistant-Surveyor in SA with Colonel William Light 1836

In private practice with Light, surveyed Lyndoch Valley and laid out township of Gawler 1838-1839 Deputy Surveyor-General of SA 1839 Commissioner of Police and Police Magistrate 1843-1847 Registrar-General and Treasurer 1847-1851 Member of the Legislative Council 1851-1862 Colonial Secretary 1852 Administrator of SA 1854-1855 First Premier and Chief Secretary of SA 1856-1857 Treasurer 1858-1860 Member for Mount Barker 1860-1862 Appointed the first Government Resident of the Northern Territory 3 March 1864 to 4 November 1865 Surveyed and established Escape Cliffs Settlement with James Thomas Manton 20 June 1864

Subsequent Career: Agent for British Australian Telegraph Company 1870-1871

Member Forest Board SA 1875 Auditor-General 1876-1881 Died Kensington Park SA 24 December 1893

Honours and Awards: Received Royal permission to retain the title "Honourable" within SA in recognition for holding Ministerial Office

for three years Memorials: Finniss River Lake Finniss Finniss Street Darwin

William Bloomfield Douglas Date of Birth: 25 September 1822 Place of Birth: Aberystwyth Wales

Parents: Richard W C Douglas and Mary Douglas

Spouse: Married Ellen (nee Atkinson) in Northumberland 25 April 1848 (she died 1887) 3 sons, 5 daughters Married Annie (nee McDonald) 31 January 1899

Military Service: Joined Royal Navy January 1842

Captain's Steward HMS Wolverine Resigned September 1842 in Hong Kong

Employment History: Skipper of clipper ships in the China Sea

Participated in expeditions against pirates Sarawak 1843-1844. Based ashore 1844-1852 Naval Officer and Harbour Master Adelaide SA from 1854 Collector of Customs from 1858 Master of Trinity House and Chairman of the Harbour Trust (surveyed Kangaroo Island and Backstairs Passage 1858 and mouth of the Murray River 1859) First President Marine Board 1860-1870 Served on Immigration Board, as Inspector of Distilleries and Stipendiary Magistrate Appointed Government Resident of the Northern Territory 27 April 1870 to June 1873

Subsequent Career: Recruited in Singapore for NT goldfields 1874-1875 Acting Police Magistrate Singapore 1874-1875

Second Police Magistrate Singapore 1875-1876 Acting Government Resident Selangor 1876-1880 (heavily criticised by 1879 inquiry) Transferred headquarters to Kuala Lumpur in 1880 but was asked to resign soon after British North Borneo Company 1882-1887 Department of Marine and Fisheries Nova Scotia 1893-1906 Died in Halifax Nova Scotia Canada 5 March 1906

Memorials: Douglas Street Fannie Bay

Douglas Peninsula (which later reverted to its earlier name of Cox Peninsula)

George Byng Scott

Date of Birth: 1824

Place of Birth: Gillingham Kent

Spouse: Married Elizabeth (nee Taylor) 7 October 1843 (died November1849)

2 children Married Caroline (nee Ritchie) July 1865 1 son, 6 daughters

Employment History: Arrived SA 1846 Pastoralist Murray River near Morgan 1846-1850 Gold miner California USA 1850-1852 Gold miner Bendigo Victoria 1852-1854 Inspector of Police and Stipendiary Magistrate South-Eastern District 1854-1859 Stipendiary Magistrate Naracoorte 1859-1873 Appointed Government Resident of the Northern Territory 6 October 1873 to 30 June 1876 and Stipendiary Magistrate

Subsequent Career: Stipendiary Magistrate Adelaide 1876

Stipendiary Magistrate Port Adelaide Stipendiary Magistrate Mount Gambier 1880-1886 Died in Mount Gambier SA 17 February 1886

Memorials: Scott Street Fannie Bay

"A Few Reminiscences of the NT"

Edward William Price

Date of Birth: 1832 Place of Birth: Dublin, Ireland Spouse: Married Mina (nee Hamilton) from

Ireland, 6 children - all were killed when RMS Gothenburg sank off Bowen 1875

Military Service: Midshipman, HMS Ajax 1851-1852

HMS Simoon 1852-1856 including service in Black Sea during Crimean War Discharged at own request 4 September 1856

Employment History: Civil Service SA 1860-1873 including Clerk of the Court at Gawler and Clerk of Adelaide Police Court Stipendiary Magistrate and Commissioner Circuit Court of the Northern Territory 1873-1876 Government Resident of the Northern Territory 1 July 1876 to 6 March 1883

Subsequent Career: Departed Port Darwin on SS Bowen

6 March 1883 for London Died in London 14 November 1893

Honours and Awards: Crimean War Medal 1854-1856

Turkish Crimean War Medal 1854-1856

Memorials: Price Street Ludmilla

John Langdon Parsons

Date of Birth: 28 April 1837

Place of Birth: Botathan near Launceston Cornwall Parents: Edward and Jane Parsons (farmers) Education: Regents Park College London Spouse: Married Rosetta Angus (nee Johnson) Married Marianna (nee Dewhirst) 2 children Employment History: Arrived South Australia 1863

Baptist Minister Dunedin NZ 1963-1867 Angaston SA and North Adelaide from 1867

Broker and Agent Member for Encounter Bay SA House of Assembly 1878-1881

Member for North Adelaide 1881-1884 Minister for Education (also responsible for the Northern Territory) 1881-1884 Head of Parliamentary Party that visited the Northern Territory 1882 Appointed Government Resident of the Northern Territory 19 March 1884 to 14 February 1890 and Stipendiary Magistrate

Subsequent Career: Member of the SA House of Assembly as the first

Minister for the Northern Territory 1890-1893 Commissioner for Trade Relations with Japan

China and the Philippines 1893-1896 Consul for Japan 1896-1903

Member for the Central District in the SA Legislative Council 1902-1903

Died Kensington SA August 1903 Memorials: Parsons Street Fannie Bay Parsons Street Alice Springs The Northern Territory with a Glance at the East (1887)

John George Knight Date of Birth: 1824 (approximately) Place of Birth: London England Parents John Knight

(stone & marble merchant) Spouse: Married Alice (nee Bertrand)

Melbourne 21 April 1853 3 sons, 2 daughters

Employment History: Articled to Henry Daniel Martin dock and railway engineer Emigrated to Australia 1852

Clerk of Works Victorian Public Works Department 1852-1855 Chief Clerk of Works 1855-1861 In partnership as an architect 1853-1861

Fellow Royal Institute of British Architects 21 January 1861 Organised Victorian displays for 1862 International Exhibition in London. Emigration agent in London until 1864

Lecturer Civil Engineering University of Melbourne 1864-1868 Founded/managed Athenaeum Club Melbourne 1868-1871 First Secretary of Melbourne Mining Exchange 1872-1873

Secretary and Accountant to the Government Resident of Palmerston NT 1873-1875 also Architect/Supervisor of Works

Chief Goldfields Warden Palmerston 1876-1886 Clerk Local Court and Licensing Bench, Deputy Sheriff,

Curator of Property of Convicts, Special Magistrate and Crown Prosecutor, Accountant and Controller of Prison Labour

Deputy Returning Officer (from 1884) Official Receiver and Public Trustee (from 1885) Coroner (from 1886), Registrar of the Insolvency Court Justice of the Peace and Registrar of Companies (from 1889)

Acting Government Resident of the NT 15 February 1890 Confirmed as Government Resident 16 July 1890

Died in office, at the Residence, 10 January 1892 of asthma following long illness from bronchitis and influenza

Buried at Palmerston Cemetery Memorials: Knight Street, Fannie Bay and Knight's Cliffs seven miles from

town (later amended to be applied to the suburb of Nightcliff) Parliament House Melbourne and many Darwin buildings A Treatise on Colonial Building Stones (1859)

The Narrative of the Visit of HRH The Duke of Edinburgh to the Colony of Victoria (1868)

The Northern Territory of South Australia (1880)

Charles James Dashwood Date of Birth: 17 July 1842 Place of Birth: "Parkhurst" Dashwood's Gully near Eyre's Flat (now Kangarilla) SA Parents: Captain George Frederick Dashwood RN (Naval officer, farmer, magistrate and public servant) and Sarah Rebecca (nee Loine) Education: St. Peter's College SA 1851-1858 Rijksuniversiteit (Civil Engineering) Ghent Belgium 1858 Spouse: One ex-nuptial son born January 1892 by Kate Dashwood (nee Allen) Married Martha Margarethe Johanna (nee Klevesahl) 5 February 1916 Employment History: Farmer at Guichen Bay SA 1859-1865 Clerk of the Local Court Woodside SA 1865 Fourth Clerk Local Court Adelaide 1865-1868 Articled to W H Bundey 1868-1873

Admitted to the Bar 1873 Solicitor 1873-1892 Member for Noarlunga SA House of Assembly 1887-1892

Appointed Government Resident of the Northern Territory 24 February 1892, and Judge. He was the Northern Territory’s first Australian-born Government Resident

Resigned 19 January 1905 to take effect 31 January 1905 having served a record term of thirteen years

Subsequent Career: Crown Solicitor SA 1905-1906 (where he acquired

the nickname "Northern Territory Charlie") King's Counsel (KC) 1906-1916 Retired 31 August 1916 Died from heart failure 8 July 1919 Memorials: Dashwood Place Darwin

Charles Edward Herbert Date of Birth: 12 June 1860 Place of Birth: Strathalbyn SA Parents: Dr Lloyd Herbert (surgeon)

and Mary Ann Herbert Education: Collegiate School of St Peter’s Adelaide SA Spouse: Married Anna Emilia Augusta

(nee Schomburgk) 3 sons, 1 daughter Employment History: Articled to his uncle Henry Mildred 1877-1883 Lawyer Supreme Court SA 1883 Went to Palmerston as the only lawyer October 1883

Lawyer in Moonta SA 1884-1889, Sydney 1889-1896 Palmerston 1896-1900 Member SA House of Assembly as Member for the

Northern Territory and Government Whip 1900-1905 Appointed Government Resident of the Northern Territory 1 February 1905, and Judge Left Darwin on leave of absence 8 February 1910 Subsequent career: Deputy Chief Judicial Officer Territory of Papua 1910-1928

Heard criminal matters in Darwin late 1918 arising from the attempt to depose the then Administrator.

Acting Judge Northern Territory May to October 1921 Fifth Administrator and Chief Magistrate Norfolk Island

1928-1929 Died of pneumonia 21 January 1929 Buried on Norfolk Island Memorials: A sanctuary lamp in St John's Church in Port Moresby

was dedicated to his memory in 1932

Samuel James Mitchell

Date of Birth: 11 May 1852 Place of Birth: Near Mount Barker SA Parents: John (a tailor) and Lydia Mitchell Education: R C Mitton's Grammar School Adelaide University of Adelaide Admitted to the Bar 1889 Spouse: Married Eliza Ann (nee Gardener)

1875 1 son, 2 daughters (Dame Roma Flinders Mitchell AC DBE QC -Australia's first woman QC, Judge and first female State Governor, was Mitchell's grand-daughter)

Employment History: Auctioneer: Mount Gambier, Melrose, Port Augusta from 1871

District Councillor and Master Masonic Lodge Port Augusta Mayor of Port Augusta for two years

Articled with H E Downer 1885-1890 Barrister with P Nesbitt QC and R Ingleby QC 1889-1901 First President SA Electric Telegraph Association

Member of SA House of Assembly as Member for the Northern Territory 1901-1910

Attorney-General 1909 to January 1910 Appointed Government Resident of the Northern Territory

1 April 1910, and Judge Ceased to be employed by the Public Service of SA and

transferred to the service of the Commonwealth as Acting Administrator and Judge of the new Supreme Court Retired 1912

Subsequent Career: Stipendiary Magistrate Port Pirie 1912-1916 Stipendiary Magistrate Adelaide Police Court 1916-1918

Commissioner of Insolvency and Stipendiary Magistrate of the Adelaide Local Court and Taxation Appeal Court 1918-1926

Royal Commissioner investigating the State Bank's "Thousand Homes Contract" 1925

Royal Commissioner investigating police bribery 1926 Judge of the Insolvency Court 1926 Died of pneumonia 3 October 1926 Honours and Awards: George V Coronation Medal 1911 Memorials: Mitchell Street Darwin

John Anderson Gilruth

Date of Birth: 17 February 1871 Place of Birth: Auchmithie near Arbroath, Forfar Scotland Parents: Andrew Gilruth and Ann (nee Anderson) (farmers) Education: Arbroath & Dundee High Schools Glasgow Veterinary College 1887-1892 Pasteur Institute, Paris 1896 Spouse: Married Jeannie McLean (nee McLay) Dunedin, New Zealand, 20 March 1899

1 son, 2 daughters Employment History: Law Clerk 1885-1886

Government Veterinary Surgeon, New Zealand 1893-1897 Chief Veterinarian and Government Bacteriologist 1897-1908

Member, Royal Commission into Public Health in NZ 1900 Pathologist with new Health Department, Professor of Veterinary Pathology, University of Melbourne 1908-1912

Member of a scientific mission to investigate the potential of the NT led by Professor Baldwin Spencer 1911

Appointed the first Administrator of the Commonwealth of Australia's Northern Territory 25 March 1912

Appointment terminated June 1919 Subsequent Career: Private consultant 1919-1929

Consultant, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (later CSIRO) 1929-1935 Acting Chief, Division of Animal Health 1930-1933 and Chief, Division of Animal Health 1933-1935 President, Australian Veterinary Association 1933-1936 and Honorary Member 1936-1937 Died of a respiratory tract infection South Yarra 4 March 1937

Honours and Awards: Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSEd) 1907 Honorary Doctor Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne

1909 (DVSc) Memorials: Gilruth Plains Research Station, Queensland Gilruth Prize, Australian Veterinary Association Gilruth Avenue, Darwin (earlier known as Gilruth's Neck)

Henry Ernest Carey Date of Birth: 11 November 1874 Place of Birth: Tiverton, Devon Employment History: Clerical secretarial work with British Post Office 1894-1900 New Zealand Agriculture Department 1900-1907 Dominion newspaper in Wellington 1907-1909 Fresh Food & Ice Company in Wellington 1909-1911

Government Secretary to Dr Gilruth in Darwin and Curator of Darwin Botanical Gardens 1912

Ex officio member Darwin Town Council 1915 Press Censor, Director of Agriculture, Director of Lands

Acted in capacity of Administrator during Gilruth’s absences from the NT, notably October 1916 to June 1917 Carey resigned from the Civil Service in 1918 to become Manager of Northern Agency Pty Ltd, the management company of Vestey’s in Darwin Appointed Director of the Northern Territory 1 August 1919 by the Federal Government with an Advisory Council to assist (consisting of nominated members with Carey as President) and the position of Administrator was temporarily abolished

His position was officially terminated by the Governor-General

in Council with effect from 22 September 1920 He applied to the High Court for compensation for wrongful

dismissal in November 1921 but was unsuccessful Subsequent Career: Returned to New Zealand

Commercial Manager and Head Reader of the Taranaki Daily News in New Plymouth until 1948

Died New Plymouth 5 May 1964.

Frederic Charles Urquhart Date of Birth: 27 October 1858 Place of Birth: St Leonard's-on-Sea, Sussex, England Parents: Major Frederic Day Urquhart (Royal

Artillery) and Charlotte (nee Goldie) Education: All Saint's School, Bloxham, Oxfordshire Felstead School (military), Essex Spouse: Married Annette (nee Atkinson)

Melbourne 7 November 1891 1 daughter, 2 sons Military Service: Midshipman on Wigram's clipper ships Employment History: Migrated to Australia in 1875 Drover and book-keeper in outback Queensland 1875-1878 Telegraph linesman Normanton 1878-1882

Cadet Sub-Inspector Queensland Native Mounted Police Force 1882. Sub-Inspector in charge of the Gulf, Cape York Torres Strait Districts 1882-1889

Queensland Police 1889-1896 Inspector Second Class Brisbane 1896-1905

Officer in Charge Criminal Investigation Branch from 1898 Chief Inspector 1905-1917

Commissioner of Police Queensland 1917-1921 Retired 1921 Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory 17 January 1921 Retired upon the expiration of his term 16 January 1926 Subsequent Career: Settled at Clayfield, Brisbane Died Brisbane 2 December 1935. Buried at Toowong Memorials: Urquhart Street, Parap Camp Canzonettes" (1891), Blood Stains (1919) The Northern Territory The Australian Quarterly No.4 (1929)

There was a brief period when an additional Government Resident (Central Australia) was appointed to be based in Alice Springs. Note: Alice Springs was known as Stuart town from 1888 to 1933.

John Charles Cawood

Employment History: District Forester and sawmiller President Bellingen Shire Council NSW Coroner and Magistrate Appointed Government Resident of Central Australia 15 December 1926

Oversaw 1928 Inquiry into actions of Constable Murray’s punitive expeditions against Aborigines at Conniston Station following killing of European settler Resigned November 1929 Retired to Cronulla NSW

Victor George Carrington Employment History: Deputy to John Cawood Appointed Government Resident of Central Australia 11 December 1929 until 1931.

Appointed in June 1931 by Robert Wedell, the new Administrator of the Northern Territory, to be District Officer and Assistant Administrator Held this dual appointment in Alice Springs until 1942

Robert Hunter Weddell

Date of Birth: 26 December 1882 Place of Birth: Geelong, Victoria Parents: James Weddell of Maybole, Scotland (Victorian Education Department) Education: Geelong College, University of Melbourne Spouse: Married Flora (nee McDonald) 15 April 1916, 1 daughter Military Service: Enlisted Australian Imperial Force 1914. Captain 7th Battalion 1914-1915

Promoted to Major, then as Lieutenant Colonel commanded 7th Battalion at Gallipoli. Retired 1917 Intelligence Officer Citizens' Military Force (CMF) Perth WA 1917-1926 Recalled to serve with Intelligence Corps

Melbourne 1939-1943 Retired with rank of Colonel Employment History: Teacher Ball Church of England Grammar School, Victoria

Teacher Hawthorn Grammar School, Victoria. Resident Master and Captain of Cadet Corps Scotch College Melbourne until 1914

Inspector-in-Charge Commonwealth Investigation Branch of Attorney-General's Department, Perth 1917-1926

Appointed Government Resident North Australia 1 March 1927

Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory 12 June 1931 Retired 28 March 1937 due to angina

Subsequent Career: Settled in East Malvern, Victoria Died 23 November 1951 Honours and Awards: 1914-1915 Star British War Medal 1914-1919 Victory Medal 1914-1919 War Medal, 1939-1945 Australian Service Medal 1939-1945 Volunteer Decoration (VD)

Charles Lydiard Aubrey Abbott

Date of Birth: 4 May 1886 Place of Birth: North Sydney, NSW Parents: Thomas Kingsmill Abbott (Chief Stipendiary Magistrate of Sydney) and Marion (aka May) (nee Lydiard) Education: The King's School, Parramatta, NSW Spouse: Married Hilda Gertrude (nee Harnett) 24 October 1916, 2 daughters

Military Service: Enlisted Australian Imperial Force 1914 Private, Australian Naval & Military Expeditionary Force 1914.

Served in German New Guinea. Transferred to 12th Australian Light Horse Regiment Service at Gallipoli (as Corporal then commissioned)

Sinai (wounded-in-action), Palestine, Syria Demobilised 1918 with rank of Captain

Employment History: Ran away from school to be a jackeroo near Gunnedah 1895 Stockman at Mitchell and Roma Queensland Cane-cutter at Pleystowe Mill near Mackay Queensland Mounted Constable NSW Police Force Confidential Clerk Police HQ Brisbane 1908-1914

Pastoralist, established and managed "Echo Hills" near Tamworth NSW 1919-37

Member for Gwydir, NSW House of Representatives 1925-1929 and from 1931-1937

Minister for Home & Territories 1925-1928 Minister for Home Affairs, 1928-1929

Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory 29 March 1937 and Commissioner of Police. Dismissed by ordinary letter. Left Darwin 26 May 1946

Subsequent Career: Settled on "Murrulla", Wingen, NSW Died 30 April 1975 Darling Point

Honours and Awards: 1914-1915 Star British War Medal, 1914-1918 Victory Medal 1914-1919 King George V Jubilee Medal 1935 King George VI Coronation Medal 1937 Memorials Abbott Crescent Darwin Australia's Frontier Province 1950

Arthur Robert Driver Date of Birth: 25 November 1909 Place of Birth: Albany WA Parents: H and M A Driver Education: Hale School Perth University of WA Spouse: Married Hazel (nee Kelly)

on 8 August 1935 1 son, 1 daughter marriage dissolved

Married Marjorie Campbell (nee Leighton) 1949, 1 daughter

Military Service: 2/4th Pioneer Battalion in the Northern Territory Brigade-Major 23rd Australian Infantry Brigade 1942

General Staff Officer Grade 2 (Operations) Advanced Land HQ

Employment History: Civil Engineer Power & Water Dept. WA 1928-1940 Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory

1 July 1946 Resigned 30 June 1951 Subsequent Career: Chief Australian Migration Officer Italy 1951-1954 and Central-Northern Europe 1954-1955

Chief Dept of Operations Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration Geneva 1956-1961

Director Resources Development Branch Victorian Employers Federation 1963-1970

Managing Director of Communicator PR, Queensland and Mirrabooka Rural Resources Pty Ltd

Retired to Buderim Queensland. Died 18 May 1981 Honours and Awards: War Medal 1939-1945 Australian Service Medal 1939-1945 Mentioned-in-Despatches for service in New Guinea Memorials: Palmerston: Suburb of Driver, Driver Avenue

Driver High School, Driver Primary School

Frank Joseph Scott Wise

Date of Birth: 30 May 1897 Place of Birth: Ipswich Queensland Parents: Charles E Wise Education: Queensland State School Gatton Agricultural College Spouse: Married Elsie (nee Hunter)

12 June 1922 (deceased) 1 son, 2 daughters Married Patricia (nee McCormick)

11 November 1944 1 son, 3 daughters Employment History: Farmhand Roma State Farm 1918-1920 Field Officer Queensland 1920-1922 Assistant Agricultural Instructor Queensland 1922-1923 WA Agricultural Advisor 1923-1929 Commonwealth Agricultural Advisor WA 1929 Advisor Tropical Agriculture WA Agriculture Dept 1929-1933

ALP Member for Gascoyne WA Legislative Assembly 1933-1951 Minister for Agriculture, Education, Police

and the North West 1935-1939 Minister for Lands and Agriculture 1939-1945

Premier and Treasurer of WA 1945-1947 Chairman Federal Commission Post-War Rural Reconstruction

Australian Representative British Empire Conference 1948 Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory 1 July 1951 and Chief of Police

Resigned with effect from 30 June 1956 due to ill-health Subsequent Career: Member for North Province WA Legislative Council 1956-1967

Minister for Industrial Development, Local Government and Town Planning 1958-1959

Leader of the Opposition 1963-1966. Retired 1971 Date of death: unknown Honours and Awards: Officer of the Order of Australia in General Division (AO) 1979 Memorials: Frank Wise Institute Tropical Agriculture Research Kununurra

James Clarence Archer

Date of Birth: 28th July 1900 Place of Birth: Victoria

Military Service: World War II: Lieutenant in Papua New Guinea

Volunteer Rifles. Led a party of Rabaul citizens

to escape from the Japanese as they landed on New Britain 21 January 1942

Employment History: Commonwealth Public Service

Attorney-General’s Office New Guinea Delegate of the Custodian of Expropriated Properties of New Guinea 1983

Deputy Secretary Department of Territories Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory

1 July 1956 Retired 31 March 1961 Died 23 December 1980 Canberra Honours and Awards: Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the Civil

Division (OBE) 1956 Memorials: Archer, Palmerston

Roger Bede Nott

Date of Birth: 20 October 1908 Place of Birth: Gulgong NSW Parents: Herbert Nott and Margaret Ann (nee Rogers) Education: Dunedoo Public School Spouse: Married Mary (nee Rope) 13 January 1936 3 sons Employment History: Shearer, farmer and grazier Dunedoo NSW

Primary Producers representative of Commonwealth Liquid Fuel Board 1942-1944 ALP Member for Liverpool Plains NSW Legislative Assembly 1941-1961

Secretary for Lands, Secretary for Mines 1956-1957 Minister for Food Producation 1957-1959 Minister for Agriculture 1959-1961

Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory 1 April 1961

Retired 30 September 1964 Subsequent Career: Administrator of Norfolk Island 1964-1966

Foundation President of the Henry Lawson Society Gulgong 1976 Died 28 September 2000 Dundoo NSW

Honours and Awards: Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the General Division (CBE) 1977

Roger Levinge Dean

Date of Birth: 10 December 1913 Place of Birth: Sydney NSW Parents: C Dean Education: Newcastle CEGS Newcastle Boy’s High School Spouse: Married Ann (nee Manning) 2 September 1950 1 son, 1 daughter

Military Service: Australian Imperial Force 1941-1946 Employment History: Administrative staff Rylands Bros (Aust) Pty Ltd 1935-1949

Member for Robertson NSW House of Representatives 1949-1964 Member Australian Delegation 45th Conference of International Parity Union and Australian Parity Delegate South East Asia 1956 Member Council of International Parity Union 1956-1957 Member Anglican Synod of NSW 1960-1962 Chairman of the Parliamentary Select Committee Arnhem Land Reserve 1963 Official Representative at Independence Ceremonies of States of Botswana and Lesotho 1966 Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory 1 October 1964 to 3 March 1970

First President of the St John Council in Darwin 1965 Subsequent Career: Australian Consul-General San Francisco 1970-1974

Secretary-Treasurer San Francisco Consular Corps 1973 Dean San Francisco Consular Corps 1974 Director Food for NSW Babies Fund 1978 Vice President Institute of Public Affairs NSW 1979-1984 Federal Vice President Australia American Association from 1979 President Order of the British Empire Association NSW 1981-1985 Retired to Yarralumla ACT Died 7 January 1998

Honours and Awards: Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the Civil

Division (CBE) 1968 Commander Brother of the Order of St John (CStJ) Promoted to Knight of the Order (KStJ)

Frederick Charles Chaney

Date of Birth: 12 October 1914

Place of Birth: Freemantle WA

Parents: Frederick Charles Chaney and Rose Templar Chaney

Education: Aquinas College

Claremont Teachers’ College

Spouse: Married Mavis Mary (nee Bond) 1 January 1938 4 sons, 3 daughters

Military Service: RAAF 1941-1945 serving in Australia New

Guinea and Borneo Commanded 16 (Air Observation Post) Flight Borneo 1945, supporting ‘Z force’ special unit

Employment History: Teacher, State Education Department WA 1932-1941 Deputy Headmaster 1945-1952

State President RSL WA 1952-1955 Member House of Representatives (Lib) Perth WA 1955-1969 Government Whip 1961-1963 Minister for the Navy 1963-1966 Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory 4 March 1970 Commission withdrawn 1 August 1973

Subsequent Career: Lord Mayor of Perth 1978-1982

Chairman Territory Building Society and Chairman Home Building Society 1973-1985 Died 17 December 2001

Honours and Awards: Awarded Air Force Cross (AFC)

1939-1945: Star, Pacific Star, War Medal Australian Service Medal Coronation Medal of Queen Elizabeth II 1953 Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the Civil Division (CBE) 1970 Knight Commander Order of the British Empire in the Civil Division (KBE) 1982 Hon Freeman City of Perth 1998

Memorials: Chaney House at Driver Primary School

John Norman “Jock” Nelson

Date of Birth: 28 May 1908 Place of Birth: Mt Perry Bundaberg Queensland

Parents: Harold G Nelson (unionist and the

Northern Territory's first Federal Member of the House of Representatives)

Education: Pine Creek and Darwin

Spouse: Married Peg, 2 daughters

Military Service: Australian Imperial Force 1942-1945

Royal Australian Engineers Employment History: Jackaroo and drilling contractor Northern Territory

Foundation ALP Member (elected) for Sturt in the first NT Legislative Council 1947-1949 ALP Member for NT House of Representatives 1949-1966 Member Commonwealth Parliament delegation at the Inauguration of Papua New Guinea Legislative Council 1951 Member Parliamentary Select Committee on Voting Rights of Aborigines 1961 Member Select Committee Arnhem Land Reserve 1963 Secretary Federal Parliamentary Labor Party 1956-1966 First Mayor of Alice Springs 1971-1973 Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory 10 December 1973, the first Territorian to hold this office Resigned 12 November 1975 to contest the Territory's Federal seat for Labor, (unsuccessful in his bid)

Subsequent Career: Settled in Alice Springs

Died in Alice Springs 20 June 1991 Honours and Awards: 1939-1945 Star

Pacific Star War Medal Australian Service Medal 1939-1945

Memorials: Nelson Terrace Alice Springs

Jock Nelson Centre Parsons Street Alice Springs

John Armstrong England

Date of Birth: 12 October 1911

Place of Birth: Clayfield Brisbane

Spouse: Married Polly (nee Wheatley) 16 December 1939

3 sons, 1 daughter

Military Service: Australian Garrison Artillery Australian Light Horse 1931-1941 Australian Imperial Force 1941-1946 Served in Dutch New Guinea, Morotai, Labuan and Sarawak with 52nd and 2/3rd Australian Composite Anti-Aircraft Regiments 1943-1946 Lieutenant Colonel commanding Sandakan Force and Kuching Force and accepted Japanese surrender in North Borneo

Employment History: Member of the House of Representatives for Calare NSW

1960-1975 Country Party Whip Member: Joint Statutory Committee on Broadcasting of Parliamentary Proceedings Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs and Joint Committee Councillor Spring Meeting of the International Parliamentary Union Bucharest April 1974 Member Australian Delegation to 61st Interparliamentary Union Conference Tokyo 1974 Parliamentary Delegation to South Korea October 1974 Advisor Australian Delegation to United Nations September-December 1975 Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory 1 June 1976 Retired due to poor health 31 December 1980

Subsequent Career: Retired to his property "Wilga" Grenfell NSW

Died 18 June 1985 Grenfell Honours and Awards: 1939-1945: Star, Pacific Star, War Medal with oak leaf denoting Mentioned-in-Despatches

Australian Service Medal Efficiency Decoration (ED)

Commander of the Order of St John (CStJ) 1978 Companion Order of St Michael & St George (CMG) 1979

Eric Eugene Johnston

Date of Birth: 29 July 1933

Place of Birth: Shanghai China

Parents: Captain V V Johnston

Education: Frankston High School Victoria RAN College 1947-1950 US Naval War College Rhode Island 1970-1971

Fellow Australian Institute of Management Doctor of Laws

Spouse: Married Joan (nee Holland) 4 December 1971, (2 stepsons)

Military Service: Joined RAN 1947 Served on HMS Devonshire, HMAS Australia,

HMAS Culgoa, HMS Maidstone and HMAS Tobruk 1950-1955 Executive Officer (XO) NBC Damage Control Training School 1957-1959 and Cadet Training Ship HMAS Swan 1959-1962 Divisional Officer Brittania Royal Naval College 1962-1964 Served on HMAS Melbourne 1964-1966 HMAS Vendetta 1966-1967 XO RAN Trials & Assessing Unit 1967-1968 and Recruit Training Establishment HMAS Leeuwin 1968-1969 Commanding Officer HMAS Vendetta 1969-1970 Vietnam Chief of Staff to SEATO Exercise Director 1971-1972 Director of Personnel Services 1972-1973 Naval Officer Commanding North Australia Darwin 1974-1975 Honorary ADC to Governor-General 1974-1977 Commanding Officer HMAS Perth 1976-1977 (Commodore) Australian Delegate United Nations Law of the Sea Conferences New York and Geneva 1978-1979 Director Public Information Dept of Defence 1979-1980 Retired from RAN December 1980

Employment History: Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory

1 January 1981. Re-appointed for a second term March 1986 Appointed first Honorary Colonel North West Mobile Force (NORFORCE) 1 July 1981 Retired 30 June 1989.

Subsequent Career: Resided in Nightcliff NT

Chairman of the Northern Territory Grants Commission Electrical Distribution Committee and Batchelor College

Died 26 February 1997. State Funeral held in Darwin

Honours and Awards: Campaign Service Medal with clasp "Malay Peninsula"

Vietnam Medal Defence Force Service Medal National Medal South Vietnam Campaign Medal US Commander-in-Chief-Pacific Commendation 1971 Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the Military Division (OBE) 1971 Member of the Order of Australia in the Military Division (AM) 1975

Commander of the Order of St John (CStJ) 1981 Promoted to Knight of Grace (KStJ) September 1984 Honorary Doctor of Laws University of Queensland 1988

Hon Fellow Australian Society of Accountants Officer of the Order of Australia in the General

Division (AO) June 1988

James Henry Muirhead

Date of Birth: 24 April 1925

Place of Birth: Adelaide SA

Parents: H M Muirhead (Police Magistrate)

Education: St Peter's College SA University of Adelaide

Spouse: Married Margaret (nee Frayne) 4 February 1950 3 sons, 1 daughter

Military Service: Australian Imperial Force 1943-1946 57th/60th Australian Infantry Battalion Bougainville New Guinea 37th/52nd Australian Infantry Battalion Rabaul New Britain

Employment History: Barrister and solicitor with Thomson, Buttrose,

Ross & Lewis 1950-1969 Judge Local and District Criminal Court of SA 1970-1972

Acting Judge Supreme Court of PNG 1972-1973 Acting Director responsible for establishing Australian Institute of Criminology in Canberra 1973-1974 Judge Supreme Court of the Northern Territory 1974-1985 Acting Chief Justice 1985 Judge Federal Court of Australia 1977-1987 Resident Judge Federal Court of WA 1986-1987 Acting Judge Supreme Court of Northern Territory 1987 Appointed to act in absence of Administrator and Chief Justice 19 December 1980 to 17 January 1981 and 29 September 1982 to 3 October 1982 Residential Judge of the NT Supreme Court Appointed Acting Administrator with a dormant commission 4 February 1983 Acted in the office of Administrator from 5 February 1983 to 6 March 1983, 7 August 1985 to 24 September 1985 Royal Commissioner Inquiry into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody 1987 Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory 1 July 1989 Retired 4 December 1992

Qualifications, Appointments Admitted to the Bar 1950 and Admissions Queen’s Counsel 1967

Subsequent Career: Retired to Perth WA WA Patron of Menzies School of Health Research Ministerial Advisor Council on Veterans Issues 1993-1994

Died on 20 July 1999 State Funeral held in Darwin Honours and Awards: 1939-1945: Star Pacific Star War Medal

Australian Service Medal 1939-1945 Queen's Silver Jubilee Medal 1977 Knight of Grace of the Order of St John (KStJ) 1989

Appointed Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) in the General Division 1991

Memorials: Muirhead Chambers Darwin

Keith John Austin Asche

Date of Birth: 28 November 1925 Place of Birth: Melbourne Parents: Eric Thomas Asche and Beryl Victoria Asche (née Woinarski) Education: Darwin Primary School Melbourne Church of England Grammar School Spouse: Married Dr Valerie (nee James) AM DStJ 11 April 19581 1 son, 1 daughter Qualifications University of Melbourne Appointments Bachelor of Arts Master of Laws and Admissions Fellow Australian College of Education 1992 Queensland Bar 1951-1954 Melbourne Bar 1954-1975 Queen’s Counsel 1972

Military Service: RAAF 1944-1946 Employment History: Called to the Bar 1951

Judge Family Court of Australia 1976 Vice-President RMIT 1977-1981 President 1981-1983 Chancellor Deakin University 1983-1987

Acting Chief Judge Family Court 1985-1986 Judge Supreme Court of the Northern Territory

1986-1987 Chairman University College NT 1986-1988 1987-1993: Chief Justice Supreme Court of the Northern Territory, Chairman Northern Territory

Parole Board, President Australian Red Cross Society (NT Div.) and Scout Association Australia (NT Br.) Chancellor Northern Territory University 1989-1993

Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory 1 March 1993 to 16 February 1997

Subsequent Career Adjunct Professor of Law Charles Darwin University (formerly Northern Territory University) 1997-2001 Chairman Northern Territory Law Reform Committee since 1997 Retired to Nightcliff, NT

Honours and Awards: 1939-1945 Star

Defence Medal 1939-1945 War Medal 1939-1945 Australian Service Medal 1939-1945 Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal 1977

Member Australian College of Education (MACE) Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge in Victoria

1984-1986 (Past Grand Master in Victorian and South Australian Constitutions) Honorary Doctor of Literature Deakin University 1987

Knight of Grace of the Order of St John 1993 Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) 1994 Honorary Doctor of Law Northern Territory University 1994

Centenary Medal 2003 Freeman of the City of Darwin 2007

Neil Raymond Conn

Date of Birth: 17 August 1936 Place of Birth: Sydney NSW Parents: Raymond Conn and Betty Conn Education: Armidale High School NSW Spouse: Lesley Jennifer (nee Flood) 29 August 1959 Daughters Lindy and Elizabeth

Son Rohan

Qualifications, Bachelor of Economics, Master of Appointments Economics, University of Sydney and Admissions PhD Duke University North Carolina USA Fellow Australian Institute of Company Directors

Fellow Australian Institute of Managers

Employment History: Commonwealth Bank and Reserve Bank 1954-1961 Senior Lecturer in Economics University of Sydney

1961-1975 Principal Administrator Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Paris 1975-77 Deputy Secretary NSW Treasury 1977-1981 Under Treasurer NT Government 1981-1983 Executive Director Corporate Finance CIBC Australia Ltd 1983-1986 Under Treasurer NT Government 1986-1996 Chairman Territory Insurance Office 1981-1983 Chairman Territory Loans Management Corporation 1988-1993 Director Railnorth Pty Ltd 1988-1996 Chairman Gaming Control Commission 1991-1993 Chairman NT Treasury Corporation 1994-1996 Director Darwin Performing Arts Centre 1994 Chairman Darwin Symphony Orchestra 1995-1996 Member Australian Statistics Advisory Council 1981-1983, 1986-1996 Member Australian Accounting Standards Board 2000-2002 Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory 17 February 1997 to 30 October 2000

Founder, together with Mrs Conn, of the Government House Foundation of the Northern Territory Inc and editor of the publications: The Residence and its Residents 1870-1998 and Chronicle of the Northern Territory 1974-1998

Subsequent Career: Retired to New South Wales

Chairman Original IT Investments Pty Ltd (formerly ITCINT Pty Ltd) 2000-2003

Deputy Chairman International All Sports Ltd (formerly IASbet Ltd 2001-2004 Chairman St John Ambulance (NSW) Board 2004-2007

National Chairman Order of Australia Association 2005-2007 President Order of Australia Association 2007

Chancellor St John Ambulance Australia 2007

Honours and Awards: Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) 1996 Knight of the Order of St John 1997

Honorary Doctor of Economics (NTU) 2001 Centenary Medal 2003

John Christopher Anictomatis

Date of Birth: 28 December 1945 Place of Birth: Piraeus, Greece Parents: Christos and Chrisoula Anictomatis Education: Darwin High School Completed mechanic apprenticeship 1968 Spouse: Jeanette 4 sons

Military Service: National Service 9th Battalion The Royal Australian Regiment in Vietnam 1968-1970

Employment History: Settled in Australia 1955

Established family property business 1970-1976 Director of a global franchise real estate company

1976-1990 Appointed Honorary Consul to Greece 1991

Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory 31 October 2000 to 30 October 2003

Subsequent Career: Appointed Consulate-General of Greece 2007 Honours and Awards: Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) 2000

Knight of Grace of the Order of St John 2000 Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) 2001

Centenary Medal 2003

Edward (Ted) Joseph Egan

Date of Birth: 6 July 1932 Place of Birth: Melbourne Parents: Joseph Egan, Grace Brennon Children: Two daughters, two sons Education: Bachelor of Arts Degree (ANU) Master of Arts History (Adelaide) Doctor of Literature Spouse: Ms Nerys Evans

Employment History: Patrol Officer, Reserve Superintendent, Teacher and District Officer with Department of Aboriginal (formerly Native) Affairs in communities for 20 years including Borroloola, Groote Eylandt, Maningrida and Yuendumu Author and songwriter since 1969 Recorded 28 albums, published 9 books Presenter of TV series This Land Australia and The Great Outdoors Member Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory 31 October 2003 to 30 October 2007

Honours and Awards: NT History Award 1989

Member of the Order of Australia (AM) 1993 Honorary Doctorate Northern Territory University 2002 Australian of the Year Northern Territory recipient 2003

Knight of Grace of the Order of St John 2003 Officer in the General Division of the Order of Australia

(AO) 2004 Life Member Australian Stockman’s Hall of Fame Named Australian Living National Treasure by the National Trust 2004 National Patron Year of the Outback 2006

Sporting Interests: A Grade cricket

Represented Northern Territory at basketball Founder, first Captain, Life Member St Mary’s Football Club formed in 1952 to provide opportunity for Tiwi Islanders working in Darwin

Thomas (Tom) Ian Pauling

Date of Birth: 13 December 1946 Place of Birth: Sydney NSW Parents: Thomas Percival Pauling and

Esmee Margaret (née Hall) Education: Drummoyne Primary School Drummoyne Boys High School Sydney University Law School Degree LLB conferred Spouse: Married Judith Therese (Tessa)

(née Wilkinson) 1978 1 son, 1 daughter

Employment History: Admitted to the Bar 1969

Articled Clerk with Public Solicitor (NSW) 1964-1969 Solicitor with Public Solicitor (NSW) 1969-1970 In-house Counsel and Partner Cridland & Bauer Darwin NT 1970-1974 Founded NT Independent Bar (with Michael Maurice QC) 1974 Barrister 1974-1977 and 1980-1988 Stipendiary Magistrate and Acting Chief Magistrate 1977-1980 Solicitor General of the Northern Territory 1988-2007 Appointed Administrator of the Northern Territory 31 October 2007

Qualifications, Appointments and Admissions:

LL.B (Sydney University) Admitted NSW and admitted High Court 1969 Admitted NT 1970 and admitted WA 1972 Barrister NSW 1982 Appointed Queen’s Counsel NT 1984, NSW 1985 Tas 1987 and WA 1988

Offices Held: Director NT Brewery Pty Ltd and NT Hotels Pty Ltd 1972-1977, 1982-1985 Treasurer, Vice-President, Member of the Law Society of the NT 1971-1976 Member NT Arts Council 1971-1974 Rear Commodore Darwin Sailing Club 1975-1976 Member NT Law Review Committee 1975-1978 Vice Chairman and Founding Member of the Forster Foundation for Drug Rehabilitation 1978-1982

Secretary (Founding) NT Bar Association 1980-1982 and President 1982-1987 and Life Member 2002 Chairman Darwin Performing Arts Centre (now the Darwin Entertainment Centre) 1985-1994 and Life Member1994 Chairman Police Powers Review Committee 1989-2007 Chairman Racing Appeals Tribunal 1990-2007 Editor (Founding) NT Law Reports 1992-1994 Chairman Museum & Art Gallery Board of NT 1994–1997 Life Member Criminal Lawyers Association NT 2001 Co-Patron Darwin Theatre Company 2003 Statutory Supervisor under Legal Profession Act 2007

Honours and Awards: Knight of Grace of the Order of St John 2007

Gen

eral 4

The Residence and its Residents1870 to 2003

Gen

eral 5

Excerpts from theNorthern Territory (Self-Government) Act 1978

EXCERPTS TAKEN FROM

Northern Territory (Self-Government) Act 1978 Act No. 58 of 1978 as amended

This compilation was prepared on 27 March 2006

Part II—Northern Territory of Australia

5 Establishment of body politic

The Northern Territory of Australia is hereby established as a body politic under the Crown by the name of the Northern Territory of Australia.

Part III—Legislative Assembly

Division 1—Powers of Legislative Assembly

6 Legislative power

Subject to this Act, the Legislative Assembly has power, with the assent of the Administrator or the Governor-General, as provided by this Act, to make laws for the peace, order and good government of the Territory.

7 Assent to proposed laws

(1) Every proposed law passed by the Legislative Assembly shall be presented to the Administrator for assent.

(2) Upon the presentation of a proposed law to the Administrator for assent, the Administrator shall, subject to this section, declare:

(a) in the case of a proposed law making provision only for or in relation to a matter specified under section 35:

(i) that he assents to the proposed law; or (ii) that he withholds assent to the proposed law; or (b) in any other case: (i) that he assents to the proposed law; (ii) that he withholds assent to the proposed law; or (iii) that he reserves the proposed law for the Governor-General’s pleasure.

(3) The Administrator may return the proposed law to the Legislative Assembly with amendments that he recommends.

(4) The Legislative Assembly shall consider the amendments recommended by the Administrator and the proposed law, with those or any other amendments or without amendments, may be again presented to the Administrator for assent, and subsection (2) applies accordingly.

8 Signification of pleasure on proposed law reserved

(1) Where the Administrator reserves a proposed law for the Governor-General’s pleasure, the Governor-General shall, subject to this section, declare:

(a) that he assents to the proposed law; (b) that he withholds assent to the proposed law; or (c) that he withholds assent to part of the proposed law and assents to the remainder

of the proposed law.

(2) The Governor-General may return the proposed law to the Administrator with amendments that he recommends.

(3) The Legislative Assembly shall consider the amendments recommended by the Governor-General and the proposed law, with those or any other amendments or without amendments, may be again presented to the Administrator for assent, and subsection 7(2) applies accordingly.

(4) Where the Governor-General makes a declaration in respect of a proposed law in accordance with subsection (1), the Administrator shall, as soon as practicable after the declaration is made, cause to be published in the Government Gazette of the Territory a notice of the declaration.

(5) The assent of the Governor-General to a proposed law or part of a proposed law is of no effect until notification of the Governor-General’s declaration in respect of the proposed law is published in the Government Gazette of the Territory.

9 Disallowance of enactments

(1) Subject to this section, the Governor-General may, within 6 months after the Administrator’s assent to a proposed law, disallow the law or part of the law.

(2) The Governor-General may, within 6 months after the Administrator’s assent to a proposed law, recommend to the Administrator any amendments of the laws of the Territory that the Governor-General considers to be desirable as a result of his consideration of the law.

(3) Where, as a result of his consideration of a law, the Governor-General so recommends any amendments of the laws of the Territory, the time within which the Governor-General may disallow the law, or a part of the law, is extended until the expiration of 6 months after the date of the Governor-General’s recommendation.

(4) Upon publication of notice of the disallowance of a law, or part of a law, in the Government Gazette of the Territory, the disallowance has, subject to subsection (5), the same effect as a repeal of the law or part of the law.

(5) If a provision of a disallowed law, or a provision of a disallowed part of a law, amended or repealed a law in force immediately before the commencement of that provision, the disallowance revives the previous law from the date of publication of the notice of disallowance as if the disallowed provision had not been made.

10 Reason for withholding assent etc. to be tabled in Legislative Assembly

Where the Administrator withholds assent to a proposed law, or the Governor-General withholds assent to a proposed law or part of a proposed law or disallows a law or part of a law, a message of the Administrator stating the reasons for the withholding of assent, or for the disallowance, as the case may be, shall be laid before the Legislative Assembly within 6 sitting days of the Legislative Assembly after the date on which the assent was withheld or the date of the disallowance, as the case may be.

(a) declaring the powers (other than legislative powers), privileges and immunities of the Legislative Assembly and of its members and committees, but so that the powers, privileges and immunities so declared do not exceed the powers, privileges and immunities for the time being of the House of Representatives, or of the members or committees of that House, respectively; and

(b) providing for the manner in which powers, privileges and immunities so declared may be exercised or upheld.

Division 2—Constitution and membership of Legislative Assembly

13 Legislative Assembly

(1) There shall be a Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory of Australia.

(2) The Legislative Assembly shall consist of such number of members as is provided by enactment.

(3) Subject to this Act, the members of the Legislative Assembly shall be elected as provided by enactment.

(4) For the purposes of the election of members of the Legislative Assembly, the Territory shall be distributed into as many electoral divisions as there are members to be elected, and a quota shall be calculated by dividing the whole number of electors in the Territory, as nearly as can be ascertained, by the number of members to be elected.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (4), each electoral division shall contain a number of electors not exceeding, or falling short of, the quota calculated under that subsection by more than one-fifth of the quota.

(6) A member of the Legislative Assembly shall, before taking his seat, make and subscribe an oath or affirmation of allegiance in the form in Schedule 2 and also an oath or affirmation of office in the form in Schedule 3.

(7) An oath or affirmation under subsection (6) shall be made before the Administrator or a person authorized by the Administrator to administer such oaths or affirmations.

14 Qualifications of electors

(1) Subject to subsection (2), all persons who are, under the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918, qualified to vote at an election of a member of the House of Representatives for the Northern Territory, shall be qualified to vote at an election of members of the Legislative Assembly.

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to persons who are qualified to vote at an election of a member of the House of Representatives for the Northern Territory by reason only of the amendments of the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 made by the provisions of Part II of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands Self-Determination (Consequential Amendments) Act 1984 or by the provisions of Part III of the Christmas Island Administration (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act 1984.

15 Writs for elections

Writs for the election of members of the Legislative Assembly shall be issued by the Administrator.

16 Term of office of member

Subject to this Act, the term of office of a member of the Legislative Assembly commences on the date of his election and ends immediately before the date of the next general election of members of the Legislative Assembly.

17 Dates of elections

(1) A general election of members of the Legislative Assembly shall be held on a date determined by the Administrator.

(2) The period from the first meeting of the Legislative Assembly after a general election of members of the Assembly to the date of the next succeeding general election shall not be more than 4 years.

18 Resignation of members of Legislative Assembly

A member of the Legislative Assembly may resign his office by writing signed by him and delivered to the Speaker or, if there is no Speaker or the Speaker is absent from the Territory, to the Administrator, and on the receipt of the resignation by the Speaker or the Administrator, as the case may be, his office shall become vacant.

Division 3—Procedure of Legislative Assembly

22 Sessions of Legislative Assembly

(1) The Administrator may, by notice published in the Government Gazette of the Territory, appoint such times for holding the sessions of the Legislative Assembly as he thinks fit and may also, from time to time, in like manner, prorogue the Legislative Assembly.

(2) At the request of such number of members of the Legislative Assembly as is prescribed by enactment, the Administrator shall, by notice published in the Government Gazette of the Territory, appoint a time, being not later than 14 days after the day on which he receives the request, for holding a session of the Legislative Assembly.

23 Quorum

The number of members necessary to constitute a meeting of the Legislative Assembly for the exercise and performance of its powers and functions shall be as prescribed by enactment.

24 Election of Speaker

(1) The Legislative Assembly shall, before proceeding to the despatch of any other business, choose a member of the Legislative Assembly to be the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and, as often as the office of Speaker becomes vacant, the Legislative Assembly shall again choose a member to be the Speaker.

(2) The Speaker continues to hold his office until: (a) the Legislative Assembly first meets after a general election of the Legislative

Assembly that takes place after his election under subsection (1); (b) he resigns his office by writing signed by him and delivered to the

Administrator; (c) he ceases to be a member of the Legislative Assembly otherwise than by reason

of the dissolution of the Legislative Assembly; or (d) he is removed from office by the Legislative Assembly;

whichever first happens.

25 Acting Speaker—appointment by Legislative Assembly

(1) Before or during any absence of the Speaker, or during any inability of the Speaker, for any reason, to exercise the powers or perform the functions of the Speaker, the Legislative Assembly may appoint a member to exercise those powers and perform those functions during the absence or inability of the Speaker.

(2) A reference in this Act or in any other law in force in the Territory to the Speaker shall be read as including a reference to a person appointed under subsection (1).

(3) An appointment under subsection (1) remains in force until: (a) the absence or inability of the Speaker ceases; (b) the appointment is revoked by the Legislative Assembly; (c) the person appointed resigns his appointment by writing signed by him and

delivered to the Administrator; (d) the person appointed ceases to be a member of the Legislative Assembly

otherwise than by reason of the dissolution of the Legislative Assembly; or (e) the Legislative Assembly first meets after a general election of the Legislative

Assembly that takes place after the appointment takes effect; whichever first happens.

26 Acting Speaker—appointment by Administrator

(1) Where: (a) the office of Speaker has become vacant and the Legislative Assembly has not

chosen another Speaker to fill the vacancy; (b) the Speaker is absent or is unable, for any reason, to exercise the powers or

perform the functions of the Speaker and the Legislative Assembly has not appointed a person under subsection 25(1);

(c) the appointment of a person under subsection 25(1) has ceased to be in force, otherwise than by reason of the absence or inability of the Speaker ceasing, and the Legislative Assembly has not appointed another member under that subsection; or

(d) a person appointed under subsection 25(1) is absent or is unable, for any reason, to exercise the powers or perform the functions of the Speaker and the Legislative Assembly has not appointed another person under that subsection;

the Administrator may, by instrument in writing, appoint a member of the Legislative Assembly to exercise the powers and perform the functions of the Speaker.

(2) A reference in this Act or in any other law in force in the Territory to the Speaker shall be read as including a reference to a person appointed under subsection (1).

(3) An appointment under subsection (1) remains in force until: (a) the next meeting of the Legislative Assembly is held; (b) the Administrator, by instrument in writing, revokes the appointment; (c) the person appointed resigns his appointment by writing signed by him and

delivered to the Administrator; (d) the person appointed ceases to be a member of the Legislative Assembly

otherwise than by reason of the dissolution of the Legislative Assembly; (e) in the case of the absence or inability of the Speaker—that absence or inability

ceases; or (f) in the case of the absence or inability of a person appointed under subsection

25(1)—that absence or inability ceases or, if the absence or inability of the Speaker ceases before the absence or inability of that person ceases, the absence or inability of the Speaker ceases;

whichever first happens.

Part IV—The Administration

31 Extent of executive power

The duties, powers, functions and authorities of the Administrator, the Executive Council and the Ministers of the Territory imposed or conferred by or under this Part extend to the execution and maintenance of this Act and the laws of the Territory and to the exercise of the prerogatives of the Crown so far as they relate to those duties, powers, functions and authorities.

32 Office of Administrator

(1) There shall be an Administrator of the Territory, who shall be appointed by the Governor-General by Commission under the Seal of Australia and shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor-General.

(2) The Administrator is charged with the duty of administering the government of the Territory.

(3) Subject to this Act, the Administrator shall exercise and perform all powers and functions that belong to his office, or that are conferred on him by or under a law in force in the Territory, in accordance with the tenor of his Commission and (in the

case of powers and functions other than powers and functions relating to matters specified under section 35 and powers and functions under sections 34 and 36) in accordance with such instructions as are given to him by the Minister.

33 The Executive Council

(1) There shall be an Executive Council of the Northern Territory of Australia to advise the Administrator in the government of the Territory in relation to matters in respect of which the Ministers of the Territory have executive authority under section 35.

(2) The Council shall consist of the persons for the time being holding Ministerial office.

(3) The Administrator is entitled to attend all meetings of the Council, and shall preside at all meetings at which he is present.

(4) The Administrator may introduce into the Council any matter for discussion in the Council.

(5) Meetings of the Council shall be convened by the Administrator and not otherwise.

(6) Subject to the preceding provisions of this section and to any provision made by the regulations, the procedure of the Council shall be as the Council determines.

34 Ministerial offices

There shall be such number of offices of Minister of the Territory, having such respective designations, as the Administrator from time to time determines.

35 Transfer of functions to Executive

The regulations may specify the matters in respect of which the Ministers of the Territory are to have executive authority.

36 Appointment of Ministers

The Administrator may appoint a member of the Legislative Assembly to a Ministerial Office, and may, at any time, terminate the appointment.

37 Tenure of office

The appointment of a person to a Ministerial office takes effect on the day specified in the instrument of appointment and terminates when:

(a) he ceases, by reason of his resignation or by reason of the provisions of section 21, to be a member of the Legislative Assembly;

(b) his appointment is terminated by the Administrator; (c) he resigns his office by writing signed by him and delivered to the

Administrator and the resignation is accepted by the Administrator; or (d) the Legislative Assembly first meets after a general election of the Legislative

Assembly that takes place after the appointment takes effect.

38 Oath to be taken by Member of Council and Minister

(1) A member of the Council shall, before entering on the duties of his office, make and subscribe an oath or affirmation in accordance with the form in Schedule 4.

(2) A person who is appointed to a Ministerial office shall, before entering on the duties of his office, make and subscribe an oath or affirmation in accordance with the form in Schedule 5.

(3) An oath or affirmation under subsection (1) or (2) shall be made before the Administrator or a person authorized by the Administrator to administer such oaths or affirmations.

40 Acting Administrator

(1) The Governor-General may, by Commission under the Seal of Australia, appoint one or more persons to act in the office of Administrator and to administer the government of the Territory during any vacancy in the office of Administrator or whenever the Administrator is absent from duty or from the Territory or is, for any other reason, unable to exercise and perform the powers and functions of his office.

(2) An appointment of a person under subsection (1) may be expressed to have effect only in such circumstances as are specified in the instrument of appointment.

(4) An Acting Administrator administering the government of the Territory has, and may exercise and perform, all the powers and functions of the Administrator.

(5) The exercise or performance by an Acting Administrator of the powers or functions of the Administrator during the absence of the Administrator from the Territory does not prevent the exercise or performance by the Administrator of any of those powers or functions.

(6) The appointment of an Acting Administrator, and any act done by a person purporting to act under this section, shall not be called in question by reason of any defect or irregularity in or in connexion with his appointment or on the ground that the occasion for his so acting had not arisen or had ceased.

41 Deputies of Administrator

(1) The Administrator may appoint a person, or persons jointly or severally, to be the deputy or deputies of the Administrator in the Territory, or a part of the Territory, and in that capacity to exercise during the pleasure of the Administrator such powers and functions of the Administrator as he assigns to the deputy or deputies.

(2) The appointment of a deputy does not affect the exercise of a power or performance of a function by the Administrator.

42 Oath to be taken by Administrator etc.

(1) The Administrator, and Acting Administrator or a deputy of the Administrator shall, before entering on the duties of his office, make and subscribe an oath or affirmation of allegiance in the form in Schedule 2 and also an oath or affirmation of office in the form in Schedule 6.

(2) An oath or affirmation under this section shall be made before the Governor-General, a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory of Australia or a person authorized by the Governor-General to administer the oath or affirmation.

Schedule 6 Subsection 42(1)

OATH

I, A.B., do swear that I will well and truly serve our Sovereign Lady the Queen in the office of Administrator (or Acting Administrator, or Deputy Administrator) of the Northern Territory of Australia, and that I will do right to all manner of people according to law, without fear or favour, affection or ill-will: So help me God!

AFFIRMATION

I, A.B., do solemnly and sincerely promise and declare that I will well and truly serve our Sovereign Lady the Queen in the office of Administrator (or Acting Administrator, or Deputy Administrator) of the Northern Territory of Australia, and that I will do right to all manner of people according to law, without fear or favour, affection or ill-will.

Info

rmatio

n Sh

eet 1

The History and RoleOf The Administrator

History and Role of the Administrator Introduction The Administrator of the Northern Territory is today increasingly occupying a role similar to that of a State Governor, although with the duties and limitations of a constitutional appointment (as distinct from a Vice-regal appointment). The Administrator is appointed by the Governor-General of Australia and is charged with the duty of administering the government of the Northern Territory. The Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory is empowered, with the assent of the Administrator or the Governor-General, to make laws for the peace, order and good government of the Territory1 and so, accordingly, every bill passed by the Assembly is submitted to the Administrator for assent before it can become law. The Administrator appoints specific portfolios Ministers chosen from the political party with the most elected members which forms the Government, these Ministers forming an Executive Council to advise the Administrator in the government of the Territory in relation to matters in which they have executive authority2. The Administrator resides at Government House on the Esplanade in Darwin. Government House plays an important role in providing the venue for entertaining visiting Royalty and official dignitaries, including vice-regal, diplomatic and government representatives of Australia and other nations. The Administrator also hosts functions to mark special occasions such as the Official Birthday of the Sovereign. The Administrator’s duties include the following: a. The Administrator presents the Government’s policy speech at the opening session of

a new parliament.

b. The Administrator makes statutory appointments under Northern Territory legislation on the advice of the Executive Council.

c. On the invitation of the Governor-General, the Administrator holds Investitures to present insignia to recipients of honours and awards conferred by the Sovereign.

d. On the invitation of the Grand Priory of the Order of St John, the Administrator invests recipients of honours in that Order.

e. On request the Administrator makes presentations to recipients of awards under schemes with Royal Patronage such as the Queen Elizabeth Silver Jubilee Trust and the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award.

f. On request the Administrator makes presentations to recipients on behalf of professional, educational, cultural, youth and community-orientated organisations.

1 Northern Territory (Self Government) Act 1978, Part III, Section 6. 2 Ibid, Part IV, Section 33

g. On request the Administrator gives patronage to public institutions, philanthropic, patriotic and cultural societies, sporting and athletic clubs, youth groups, charitable appeals and functions, concerts and theatrical performances.

In addition, the Administrator will, on request, open new buildings, review parades, undertake public speaking engagements, open exhibitions, shows and sporting fixtures and attend, address and lay wreaths at remembrance and church services associated with events of national significance. The Administrator is the Deputy Prior of the Order of St John in the Northern Territory and Chief Scout in the Northern Territory. He has, since 1 July 1981, also held an appointment as the Honorary Colonel of NORFORCE, an integrated Army unit some 500-strong based in Darwin. Its Area of Operations includes not only the Northern Territory but also the Kimberley Region of Western Australia – an area of 1.8 million square kilometres, one quarter of Australia’s continental land mass. The wife of the Administrator has historically played a significant role in the social welfare of Darwin and in the development of Government House. Anna Herbert for example, in 1907, organised Territory women to enter in the first Australian Women’s Exhibition in Melbourne while Hilda Abbott, in 1937-46, was responsible for a significant refurbishing of Government House, particularly following the 1937 cyclone and World War 2. History The north Australian coastline was first visited by Dutch mariners during the period 1623-1756, but it was only after visits by English explorers in the early 19th Century that colonisation was attempted. From 1824 to 1863 the Northern Territory was administered by New South Wales, and during this period there were three failed attempts at settlement followed by intense period of inland exploration. On 17 February 1846, the Colony of North Australia was established by the British Government for settlement by released convicts, comprising all lands north of the 26ºS latitude, with Sir Charles Augustus Fitzroy the Governor-in-Chief of NSW) as Governor. This colony was never physically established and Fitzroy’s Letter Patent was withdrawn in December of that year, those lands reverting to the Colony of NSW. In 1863, the Northern Territory passed from New South Wales to South Australia and, in the following year, Finniss and Manton were responsible for founding a fledging settlement at Escape Cliffs. Finniss became the first of several Government Residents in the Northern Territory, appointed by the South Australian Government to represent their interests in the north. Government Residents were seen to have very little initiative in Northern Territory affairs, despite their eminence in the Territory. They were mainly senior public servants with limited powers. For instance, Government Residents were expected to forward all matters for decision, other than those dealing with minor public works, to the South Australia Government via the Minister responsible for the Northern Territory. Thus, their main role was a supervisory one.

The Northern Territory (Administration) Act 1910 represented the transfer of control of the Northern Territory from South Australia to the Commonwealth. This Act detailed the applicability of Commonwealth laws to the Territory and it provided for the appointment of an Administrator, as well as for the making of ordinances. In the first ordinance of 1919, the position of the Administrator was set out: the Administrator was to administer the Territory on behalf of the Federal Government, “in accordance with such instructions as are from time to time given to him by the Minister”3. As well, the Administrator had the power to appoint and suspend all necessary magistrates and officers. The powers of the Administrator during this period were limited. Firstly, he did not have control over several major departments including Railways, Public Works, Post and Telegraphs and Customs. Secondly, the Administrator was responsible to a Minister and Department in the south. In 1919, after a period of political and industrial unrest in Darwin, the Government downgraded the position of Administrator to that of Director. This new position was furnished with an advisory council, which consisted of a number of nominated members; the Director of the Northern Territory, Mr H E Carey was forcibly removed from the Territory in the same year. Goaded by adverse public opinion to do something about the Northern Territory’s labour problems and industrial unrest, the Federal Government in 1921 appointed as Administrator Mr F C Urquhart, a former Commissioner of the Queensland Police Force. The Northern Australia Act 1926 was an experiment which was expected to make administration of the Territory more effective and to promote economic development. It divided the Northern Territory at the 20ºS latitude into Northern Australia and Central Australia, with a Government Resident located in both Darwin and Alice Springs. Each Resident had an advisory council of four (two appointed and two elected) but were still under southern control. The Act came into force on 1 March 1927 but, after their defeat of the South Australian Government in November 1929 election, the new Labor Government repealed the Act on 11 June 1931. Except for a brief break in 1919 and the experiments between 1927 and 1931, the office of the Administrator has persisted throughout the period of Commonwealth control. The early Administrators, particularly, Gilruth, Urquhart and Weddell, added several colourful incidents to Territory history while working under administrative constraints to their authority. Notable was their inadequate local independence and their lack of control over the full range of administrative functions in the Territory. Abbott said of his position, “In major matters, the Administrator cannot take immediate action, he can only make recommendations, and frequently my recommendations were so altered and whittled down, or consideration and discussions so delayed, that they were of little use when they returned”4.

3 Northern Territory Government Ordinance 1911, para 5. 4 Ibid, p 198

Abbott pressed for the formation of a Legislative Council, but it was not until 1947 that amendments were made to the Northern Territory (Administration) Act to create such a council. This Council comprised seven public servants and six elected members, with the Administrator as President with deliberative and casting votes, and the power to refuse assent to ordinances passed. The Federal Government retained the power to veto. The Administrator, from 1957, was advised by an Administrator’s Council which comprised certain members of the Legislative Council, and until 1961 held special powers which enabled him to direct and control the Northern Territory Administration as its Chief Officer. These were reduced over a period of time however, as the Territory’s administrative structure continued to change. The Administrator’s Council was renamed Executive Council with the passing of the Northern Territory (Administration) Amendment Act 1976. The Northern Territory (Self-Government) Act 1978 became the Territory’s new constitution and brought self-determination to the Territory on 1 July 1978. With this Act came the outlines for the powers of the Administrator, which in some ways were similar to those of the Governors of the States. Appointment The Administrator of the Northern Territory is appointed by the Governor-General of Australia by Commission under the Seal of Australia, based upon provisions in the Northern Territory (Self-Government) Act 1978, on the advice of the Government of the day, and holds office at the Governor-General’s pleasure. In practice, this appointment occurs through consultation with the Chief Minister of the Northern Territory who advises the Federal Minister, who in turn advises the Governor-General. This appointment differs from the appointment of a Governor of State which is effected with the authority of Letters Patent issued by the Sovereign, based upon provisions in the Australia Act 1986. Role The Administrator is charged with the duty of administering the government of the Territory, but can only perform and exercise the duties that are set out in the Northern Territory (Self-Government) Act 1978, and in accordance with the advice of a local Minister. The Administrator performs functions for both the Territory and Commonwealth Governments. In respect of Territory functions, he is advised by an Executive Council in relation to matters in respect of which the Ministers have executive authority. This Executive Council comprises all Government Ministers, with the Administrator as its President. The Interpretation Act provides that the term “Administrator” shall mean the Administrator acting with the advice of the Executive Council.

The Administrator is the watch-dog of parliamentary democracy and responsible government in the Northern Territory. The Administrator provides independent, non-political authority to the parliamentary process. Every proposed law passed by the Legislative Assembly is presented to the Administrator for assent, and he can then do one of four things: a. he may assent to the proposed law, b. he may withhold assent to the proposed law, c. he may reserve the proposed law for the Governor-General’s pleasure, or d. he may return the proposed law to the Assembly with recommended amendments. Once the Administrator and the Executive Council accept the proposed law and it is gazetted, it is transformed into law. If the Administrator withholds assent to a proposed law, he must send a message stating the reasons for his actions to the Assembly. When the Administrator returns the proposed law to the Assembly with amendments which he has recommended, the Assembly will consider the recommendations by the Administrator and the proposed law, with or without the amendments, will be again presented to the Administrator for assent, and the same procedure as before will apply. The Administrator is required to recommend to the Assembly any vote, resolution or proposed law for the appropriation of revenue or monies before that vote, resolution or proposed law may be proposed. Acting Administrator The Northern Territory (Self-Government) Act 1978 provides that the Governor-General may appoint a person to act in the Office of Administrator during any vacancy in the Office of Administrator, whenever the Administrator is absent from duty, whenever the Administrator is absent from the Northern Territory, or whenever the Administrator is, for any other reason, unable to exercise and perform the powers and functions of his Office.

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The First Residency

The First Residency

The most substantial section of the new Residency was a “large and airy” central stone room. In addition to being part of the Residency, this room was used as a court room and for the holding of church services and other public gatherings and functions as well as for recreational and residential purposes. The physical fabric of that room survives as an integral part of the present Government House. It is the oldest continuously occupied structure in the Territory. Harriet Douglas, daughter of Government Resident Bloomfield Douglas, described the processes of building the Residency. She records that the builders were forced to rely on local materials notably stone (which was abundant), lime (which was produced by burning coral rather than limestone) and timber (cut from a stand of cypress pine in Bynoe Harbour) On completion the Residency had an eminence over the new settlement, and Harriet Douglas observed “we enjoyed our elevated position immensely”. Knight’s plans for the new Residency

Work on the new building began in early 1878. The previous building was demolished save for the large central stone walled room. The main fabric of the new building was stone, quarried and dressed by Chinese masons. Knight also initiated works in the garden including 15 terraced walks of a total length of 200 yards.

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Last Years and Legacy

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Last Years and Legacy Information taken from The Life and Work of John George Knight by Carment, Wilson and James (Historical Society of the NT 1993) Knight became Acting Government Resident at a time of economic depression in Australia. This had commenced in the Northern Territory well before it did in most other areas. The first economies introduced in the Territory’s administration were in 1885 and further cuts in funding followed during the remainder of the decade. Junior public servants were retrenched and several senior officers, such as McMinn, were given new appointments at reduced salaries. Knight’s appointment as Acting Government Resident allowed the South Australian government to economy in Territory administration. Five months later, on 16 July 1890, the same government announced that Knight had been appointed permanently to the Resident’s post. This also saved expense as there were no relocations cost involved. Knight, however, only remained Resident for 18 months. He died in office on 19 January 1892.1 As Resident, Knight was responsible to the government for all aspects of the Territory’s administration. His salaries and allowances were initially £850 per annum “to cover everything”2 and these were later increased to £1000.3 Following Parson’s departure he moved his home to the Government Residence, a building with which he had a long association. There he followed tradition set by his predecessors in taking responsibility for a range of social functions. A clear impression of Knight’s view of his role as Resident came from the only annual report, for the year 1890, he presented to the South Australian parliament. He devoted much attention to the proposed transcontinental railway, which he hoped would allow the line that already connected Palmerston with Pine Creek to be extended to Adelaide. He also discussed the Territory’s Chinese population, discounting the widely held view that Chinese miners were invading “alluvial ground worked by Europeans”. His views on the pastoral industry were pessimistic but, as later events showed, quite realistic. “Unless”, he wrote, “an artificial supply of water be obtained by some means or other…cattle breeding will not pay to continue in the dry portions of the Territory”. He was just as pessimistic about mining for copper, silver and tin. The “prosecution of these promising industries”, he observed, “has all but collapsed”. Gold mining, though, had increased. The “production of the nobler metal during the past year”, he noted, “is a fact of which we have much to be grateful for”. Part of the reason for this was the diligence of the Chinese: “the best of the Chinese miners are working quartz reefs on their own account, and in many instances are doing very well”. He commented that agriculture in the Territory was still on a small scale, expressing the hope that the liberal provisions of the new Land Act, which permits free election before survey, may lead some people to set work in earnest to cultivate on a larger scale than mere market gardening. 1 Donovan, A Land Full of Possibilities, pp 158-159 and Helen Wilson, “Northern Territory Government Residents and Administrators”, unpublished paper, nd. 2 Ministers to Chief Secretary, 18 May 1890, in SRSA, CMCNT, GRS 1, 432/1890 3 Knight to Minister, 12 January 1890, in Ibid, GRS 1, 30/1891

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“Having indulged in a good deal of lamentation over the existing state of things”, he concluded with “some suggestions by way of remedy”. These included the building of the transcontinental railway, a special loan of £50,000 to “be contracted for the development of the resources of the Northern Territory” and that disposal of this fund, which would cover some years, be entrusted to commissioners. “My recommendations”, he asserted, were designed “to change the mode of dealing with the affairs of the Territory from a retail to a wholesale line of policy”. Knight was “sorry that my task has not evoked praise” yet had not lost his faith in the Territory. He continued at the close of his life to believe, as he had for many years, that a “bold, liberal, and comprehensive administration of its affairs in the future will bring about a grand change for the better”.4 In spite of hard economic times, he felt that his goals could be implemented. In the estimates of revenue and expenditure he prepared for the government in June 1890, he offered the following observations: “If I were asked to state in one sentence why the Territory has failed to progress as expected, I should say, through the lack of definite progressive policy in administration, consequent on too frequent changes of ministry, the political head having to retire just when he began to know something of the business of governing the settlement, to make room for another who had to commence taking his first lesson and going over the old ground as before. Twice the Territory has been a Free Port and long before there was a time to determine whether the experiment was going to turn out successful or otherwise, customs duties were again enforced, while we now have a special Tariff, exceptionally high. At times also we have had liberal estimates and a fair allowance for public works following by a reaction in which things were cut down to starvation level.” The only remedy, in Knight’s view, was an injection of government funds to areas of economic activity such as gold mining, which had the potential for further growth, combined with a “fresh start altogether”. He argued that the name of the Northern Territory should be changed and suggested “North Australia” as an alternative. There ought also, he stated, to be local government “by a composite Council partly nominees of South Australia and partly chosen by the people here”.5 The government failed to adopt any of Knight’s recommendations and much of his time as Resident was spent in fighting for funds to support what he regarded as essential and minimum public services. On 8 July 1890, for example, he forwarded to the Minister a report from W G Stretton’s on the Borroloola district with the comment, “All Mr Stretton’s recommendations are entitled to serious consideration as he has the welfare of his District so thoroughly to heart”. “I only trust” he continued, “the Honourable the Minister may see his way clear to start the artesian bore which Mr Stretton prays for”.6 On 11 July he complained to the Minister that funds were desperately needed to repair the fence at Fannie Bay Goal.7 Another request for funds reflected the severity of the depression in Palmerston.

4 “Government Resident’s Report on the Northern Territory”, 1890, in South Australian Parliamentary Papers, 28/1891. 5 Knight to Minister, 7 June 1890, in SRSA, CMCNT, GRS 1, 406/1890 6 Knight to Minister, 8 July 1890, in Ibid, GRS 1, 500/1890 7 Knight to Minister, 11 July 1890, in Ibid, GRS 1, 520/1890

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On 29 October 1890 Knight sent a telegram to the Minister which indicated how desperate conditions had become: “Trust you will uphold vote on my estimates for destitutes. Am continually worried by applicants for work who ought not be allowed to starve – pay 5/- a day. If give relief rations get no return. Some of those temporarily employed manage stow away steamers. If term relief destitute be preferred work might be omitted only beg that amount be upheld. We cannot ignore cases of absolute destitution. Yesterday man solicited employment and on being told nothing for him to do replied could not starve would have to do something be sent gaol get food unprofitable for state to breed criminals.”8 Though in some cases, such as that just discussed, funds were found, Knight’s constant battle for money had a wearing effect on him. He also discovered that his salary was insufficient for the expenses associated with the Resident’s position. On 28 October 1890 the Minister asked Knight to step down as Assistant Returning Officer so that Paul Foelsche, the Inspector of Police, could be appointed to the post and get the additional salary it provided. Knight seemed most upset by this and was able to retain the post after an appeal to the Minister.9 He was less successful after he complained to the government in January that his salary and other allowances did not meet the “cost of keeping up a decent appearance at the Residence”. “I have”, he complained, “spent a lot of money on furniture and decoration out of my own pocket so that the establishment is now fit to receive His Excellency the Governor, the Defence Commission or any other travelling notabilities.” The Minister was unsympathetic, curtly advising Knight that his existing payments could not be increased.10 It came as no surprise when the latter advised the Public Service Commission in Adelaide on 17 April 1891 that he was far from happy with the difference between his annual salary and allowances of £1000 and those of the previous Resident which amounted to £1,624.10.0.11 There were, however, some aspects of his post which he obviously found very satisfying. One was the opportunity it provided to make improvements to the Government Residence. Not long after he moved in, his architectural eye discovered how extensively the stone on the building’s exterior had rotted away. In order to arrest the decay he covered the defective stone work with special cement.12 Another enjoyable activity involved his preparations for a museum in Palmerston. This would, he advised the Minister on 16 August 1890, be concerned with mining and natural history and, he hoped, be located in his former residence. Once established, he observed, the museum would provide another place for visitors to Palmerston to inspect besides the botanic gardens and gaol.13

8 Knight to Minister, 29 October 1890, in Ibid. 9 Knight to Minister, 28 October 1890, Minister to Knight, 19 November 1890, Knight to Minister, 11 February 1891, in Ibid, GRS 1, 708/1890. [Bloomfield Douglas, the first Resident, was paid £1000 p.a] 10 Knight to Minister, 12 June 1891, Minster to Knight, 29 June 1891, in Ibid, GRS 1, 30/1891. 11 “Royal Commission into Public Service” in South Australian Parliamentary Papers, 30A/1891 p215 12 North Australian, 21 February 1890. 13 Knight to Minister, 16 August 1890, 15 September 1980 and 18 September 1980, in SRSA, CMCNT, GRS 1, 534/1890. See also NTTG, 29 August 1890.

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Unfortunately for the Northern Territory, his death meant that the project was abandoned and no museum of the type he supported appeared until the 1960s. As they have since 1870s, Knight’s official duties required expertise in diverse areas. He remained a special magistrate, presiding over some quite complex legal cases.14 He was also, as mentioned above, Assistant Returning Officer, in which capacity he organised the first elections for Territory Australian parliament.15 Other functions, which he still retained after he became Resident, included membership of the Licensing Bench16 and Public Trustee17. His social activities were particularly wide ranging. In May 1890 he presided at Aboriginal sports.18 During the same month he also supervised a mineral show and “conversazione”. The hostess on this and many other official occasions was Mrs H H Adcock, the young wife of the then Chairman of the Palmerston District Council.19 Throughout Knight’s time as Resident his wife Alice was living in London. In June 1890 he was elected Patron of the Darwin Cricket Club.20 During April of the following year he hosted the Governor of South Australia, Lord Kintore. He organised a banquet and a ball at the Residence and an Aboriginal corroboree for the vice-regal visitor as well as presiding over two other banquets, one by Europeans and the other by Chinese, which Kintore attended.21 In the same month he became Patron of the Northern Territory Athletic Association22 and the Northern Territory Racing Club.23 During July his youngest son, Walter, joined him.24 He remained in Palmerston until Knight’s death, securing employment as a telegraph operator.25 In October Knight chaired a lecture by J V Parkes, a visiting Inspector of Mines, on the mineralogy of the Northern Territory26, attended a fancy dress ball as the King of Diamonds,27 hosted a farewell for Parkes,28 and gave his patronage to a visiting “aeronaut and acrobat” who went up in a balloon and then parachuted down.29 On 30 October 1891 he was appointed as judge for the forthcoming Circuit Court30 yet his health had taken a sudden turn for the worse and there was some doubt as to whether he could handle this onerous responsibility. The Northern Territory Times and Gazette reported

14 For an example see NTTG, 3 July 1891. 15 North Australian, 25 May 1890. 16 Ibid, 7 March 1890. 17 NTTG, 24 October 1890. 18 North Australian, 2 May 1890. 19 Ibid, 9 May 1890. 20 NTTG, 24 20 June 1890. 21 Ibid, 10 and 17 April 1891. 22 Ibid, 3 April 1891. 23 Ibid, 24 April 1891. 24 Ibid, 17 July 1891. 25 Ibid, 11 December 1891. 26 Ibid, 9 October 1891. 27 Ibid, 16 October 1891. 28 Ibid 29 Ibid, 23 October 1891. 30 Ibid, 30 October 1891.

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on 20 November that the “estimable Government Resident” was much troubled by bronchitis, which had partly incapacitated him for official duty.31 Knight himself sent a telegram to the Minister on 3 December stating that influenza was very prevalent at the hospital and “self half dead”.32 The end came suddenly. Knight appeared in early January to have recovered from his bronchitis and influenza when he was the victim of a severe asthma attack. In spite of the attentions of Dr O’Flaherty, he died on the evening of Sunday, 10 January 1892.33 “We cannot recall”, the Times reported, “anything that created so universal a feeling of sadness as the decease of this honored and honourable servant of the Crown and friend of the people”.34 The next day flags in Palmerston were everywhere at half-mast and public offices and businesses were closed as Knight’s funeral cortege moved through town. “Europeans, Chinese and Malays were all”, the Times stated, “mingled together in vehicles, on horseback or walking and even the Aboriginals, realising, no doubt, the full extent of the many kindnesses shown to them by the deceased, took this opportunity of testifying their gratitude”.35

31 Ibid, 30 November 1891. 32 Knight to Minister, 3 December 1891, in SRSA, CMCNT, GRS 1, 752/1891 33 NTTG, 15 January 1892 and Death Certificate, Registry of Births Deaths and Marriages, Darwin, 15/15/4 34 NTTG, 15 January 1892 35 Ibid

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Interesting FactsGovernment House Darwin

Interesting Facts, Government House Darwin The first Japanese air raid on 19th February 1942 at 9.58am was responsible for a substantial amount of damage to the front portion of Government House with Abbott recording his impressions:

“The planes dropped their bombs in patterns at a signal from their leaders. The first bombs fell on the harbour edge and were aimed at the ships lying around the wharf. It was this group of bombs that did so much damage to the Government Offices, to my office in Government House grounds, and, worst of all, to the post office”

Darwin became Australia’s front line in the 1939–1945 war when Japanese planes bombed the city and the harbour in the first air raid on 19 February 1942. The Commonwealth blue ensign flying at Government House was the first Australian flag damaged by enemy action at home and was later acquired by the Australian War Memorial.

During war preparations the Director of Works for the Armed Services attempted to acquire for the Navy all lands between Bennett Street and the Wharf. Abbott over-ruled the decision to ensure that the courthouse, police barracks, government buildings and Government House were excluded from this compulsory acquisition. The Navy did eventually make use of the Administrator’s residence.

http://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/enlargement.asp?eID=61&pID=46

Daisy Martin, an 18 year old part aboriginal maid, was killed whilst sheltering in the Administrators Office during the bombing of Darwin.

Administrator’s office before and after bombing 1942

Plaque in the grounds of Government House

http://www.latis.net.au/resources/NTimages/ww2/slide21_30.htm The Post Office, Darwin’s vital communication link with the rest of the country, received a direct hit which destroyed the telegraph and cable offices and killed 10 people, including the Postmaster and all his family, as well as several postal staff. Further Information • Abbott was a conservative man. His wife Hilda was elegant, and possessed a strong

character. She was a prolific writer and a skilled furniture designer. In the late 1930s Hilda Abbott contributed a great deal of time and effort re-establishing the original concept of Knight’s terraced gardens.

• In 1938 the use of Commonwealth number plates on Departmental vehicles came into practice. Abbott chose not to comply and continued to register his motor cars as civilian vehicles. They were NT1 and NT2, numberplates which are still in use today.

• The Territory’s first Administrator, (Gilruth), styled himself as a traditional colonial

Viceroy. So, too, did Abbott, who chose to wear a white uniform with gold braid epaulettes and embellishments on the collars. He had personally designed this uniform, styled on the formal dress tunic of a colonial Lieutenant Governor.

Significant visitors to Government House

• Amelia Earhart

“It was June 27 before Amelia and Noonan were able to leave Bandoeng for Port Darwin, Australia. At Darwin the direction finder was repaired, and the parachutes were packed and shipped home...they would be of no value over the Pacific.” http://ellensplace.net/ae_lflt.html.

• Colin Bednall of the Melbourne Herald (later Abbott’s son-in-law). • Jean Batten Aviatrix. During the years 1933-37 she

repeatedly astounded the world with feats of daring and highly skilled flying prowess. She set many solo distance/endurance records, some of them were to stand for many decades. Jean was also known as Hine-o-te-Rangi (Daughter of the Skies). In 1934 she smashed the world record between England and Australia by six days. In 1936 she made the first ever direct flight between England and New Zealand. Jean stood for adventure, daring and exploration.

• William Vestey from London – In

Vestey Brothers started to build a processing works at Bullocky Point,

1914 meat rwin, thers aying loped

a, and major

Killing, cutting and dressing meat at Victoria River Downs Northern Territory Archives Service NTRS 1744, Jack Roden Collection,

A young Naval Volunteer Reserve Sub-Lieutenant Zelman Cowen, a future Governor-General.

2.

DaAustralia. The following year the bromoved to Buenos Aires to avoid pincome tax in the UK. Vestey also devea business importing eggs from Chinduring World War II they were a importer of powdered egg.

•

Sir Zelman Cowen AK GCMG GCVO QC DCL was Governor General of Australia from 1977-198

Picture: SIMON O'DWYER - The Age ber 2003

Sir Zelman Cowen. Septem

Cannon The cannon is believed to have been brought to Darwin by the Surveyor-General George Woodruffe Goyder in 1869. Goyder was tasked by the South Australian government with the surveying of a settlement in the Northern Territory, and from the journals of explorer John Lort Stokes he selected Port Darwin. Professor Powell describes Goyder as follows: "English-born, widely experienced in colonial survey and exploration, the diminutive Goyder was a dynamic and personable leader, known as 'Little Energy'. The name was well earned". Goyder and his 120 men arrived at Port Darwin on 5 February 1869 on the coastal barque Moonta, camping at the foot of Fort Hill. On the low plateau to the north of Fort Hill, Goyder and his party laid out the township of Palmerston (now Darwin), as well as Southport (on Middle Arm), Elizabeth and Daly. The area on which they established their camp was the property of the Larakia people and there were some clashes. Draftsman J W O Bennett was murdered on 24 May 1869 but Goyder refused to retaliate. Yet Goyder saw in the Aborigines an "innate treachery" and he accordingly maintained a policy of strict vigilance. To this end, a cannon was brought ashore to protect the camp.

His tasks completed, Goyder left the settlement on 28 September 1869. On 27 April the following year Captain William Bloomfield Douglas RNR was appointed as the Northern Territory's second (but Palmerston's first) Government Resident. A subsequent account recalled the arrival of Captain Douglas and his family in June 1870:

“The ceremony of landing the new Government Resident was a little more pompous than

previous officials had had. Douglas was met by a guard of honour consisting of police and several leading civilians. Seven shots were fired from the obsolete old cannon that Mr Goyder had erected to scare away the blacks. This outburst was answered by a few shots from the 2 x 12 pdrs on the "Gulnare" and one of the other vessels raked up another gun to add to the already dense smoke”.

Captain Douglas, his wife, two sons and five daughters were initially accommodated in

two crude huts, but by May 1871 the Residency had been built on the western point of the Palmerston plateau, on the hill to the north-west of the camp overlooking Fort Hill. The Residency comprised a central stone hall surrounded by a number of other rooms of wood construction. At the front of the Residency was established Goyder's cannon.

The cannon is actually a 12-pounder carronade, a ship's cannon, and apart from its

protective role, was used to fire salutes to not only welcome new Residents but also to commemorate such events as Queen Victoria's Birthday. The following is an account of such an event:

"The Queen's birthday was usually celebrated by a hunting expedition and by a general

air of festivity throughout the settlement. All the bunting we could display was hoisted ashore and afloat, and at noon a salute of 21 guns was fired from the plot of grass in front of the Residency, where the solitary cannon, which gave utterance to our loyalty, had its abode.

Firing a salute sounds an easy proceeding, but with one gun it was quite the contrary,

and the intervals that elapsed between the firing would have driven the mind of any Commanding Officer in Chief to a state bordering upon distraction. One of the children fired the first gun of this remarkable and prolonged salute". (1870-73)

As with all naval and military arms and ordnance, the cannon has an abundance of markings stamped or engraved upon it. The markings on Captain Goyder's cannon have the following meanings: W NORTH 1843 : Manufactured by the gun founder William North, at Woolwich in 1843. VR Cipher and Crown: The crown and cipher of Queen Victoria - Victoria Regina. 6 - 0 - 24 : The weight of the cannon - 6 hundredweight, 0 quarters and 24 pounds (316 kg). CLIX : The number of the gun - 159. GM and insignia : The initials of Sir George Murray, British Master-General of Ordnance, surrounded by the circlet and insignia of a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the Military Division.

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Royal and Other Notable Visitors and GuestsGovernment House Darwin

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Pool/General Information Lists/VisitsGHD.doc as at 07/09/99

ROYAL AND OTHER NOTABLE VISITORS AND GUESTS TO THE NORTHERN TERRITORY

and GOVERNMENT HOUSE, DARWIN1

August 1884 The Duke of Manchester

1898 The Earl and Countess of Jersey

1905 His Excellency the Governor of South Australia, Sir George Le Hunte

10 April 1946 Lord Louis Mountbatten KG PC GCB GCSI GCIE GCVO DSO ADC

15 July 1948 The Rt Hon William McKell KC and Lady McKell

14-16 November 1956 (**) HRH The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh KG PC KT GBE

12 July 1959 Their Excellencies Field Marshall Sir William Slim KG GCB GCMG GCVO GBE DSO MC and Lady Slim

26-27 September 1959 (*) HRH The Princess Alexandra

14-17 July 1960 (***) Their Excellencies the Right Honourable 1st Viscount Dunrossil and Lady Dunrossil

16-18 March 1963 Her Majesty the Queen and The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh KG KT OM GBE2. (Alice Springs, Tennant Creek, Katherine, Darwin)

2-7 July 1966 (*****) Their Excellencies the Right Honourable Richard Gardiner Casey CH DSO MC and Lady Casey

4-5 June 1968 (*) HRH The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh KG KT OM GBE

1 Each * after the dates indicates an overnight stay at Government House. 2 The first visit to the Northern Territory by a reigning Monarch.

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Pool/General Information Lists/VisitsGHD.doc as at 07/09/99

5-6 June 1968 (*) The Right Honourable Sir John Gorton PC GCMG CH and Mrs Gorton

7-8 July 1968 Their Excellencies the Right Honourable Richard Gardiner Casey CH DSO MC and Lady Casey

18-20 August 1969 (**) Their Royal Highnesses The Duke and Duchess of Kent

20 May 1970 The Honourable Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada

16-17 October 1972 (*) HRH The Princess Margaret CI GCVO and Lord Snowdon

12-13 March 1973 (*) HRH The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

28-29 March 1973 (*) HRH The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

7 June 1973 The Honourable Gough Whitlam QC and Mrs Whitlam

7-8 March 1974 Her Majesty the Queen (transit visit to Darwin; stayed overnight on board HMY Brittania)

10 March 1974 Her Majesty the Queen and HRH The Prince Philip (hosted Dinner on board HMY Brittania and sailed from Darwin later in the evening)

11 March 1974 Their Excellencies the Right Honourable Sir Paul Hasluck GCMG GCVO and Lady Hasluck

23 June 1974 The Honourable Gough Whitlam QC and Mrs Whitlam

1 May 1975 HRH The Princess Anne GCVO and Captain Mark Phillips CVO ADC(P)

15 July 1975 Their Excellencies the Honourable Sir John Kerr AC KCMG KStJ QC and Lady Kerr

26 March 1977 Her Majesty the Queen and HRH The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

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3 September 1977 Their Excellencies the Honourable Sir John Kerr AK GCMG GCVO KStJ QC and Lady Kerr

November 1977 (*) HRH The Prince of Wales KG KT GCB AK

April 1978 The Right Honourable Malcolm Fraser CH and Mrs Fraser

2-3 October 1978 (*) HRH The Princess Alexandra and the Honourable Angus Ogilvy

5 May 1980 Their Excellencies the Right Honourable Sir Zelman Cowen AK GCMG GCVO QC and Lady Cowen

25 July 1980 Their Excellencies the Right Honourable Sir Zelman Cowen AK GCMG GCVO QC and Lady Cowen

October 1980 (*) HRH The Princess Alexandra and the Honourable Angus Ogilvy

10 September 1981 Their Excellencies the Right Honourable Sir Zelman Cowen AK GCMG GCVO QC and Lady Cowen

4 June 1982 The Right Honourable Malcolm Fraser CH and Mrs Fraser

17-18 June 1982 Their Excellencies the Right Honourable Sir Zelman Cowen AK GCMG GCVO QC and Lady Cowen

5-6 October 1982 (*) Her Majesty the Queen

5 October 1982 Their Excellencies the Right Honourable Sir Ninian Stephen AK GCMG GCVO KBE KStJ and Lady Stephen

5 October 1982 The Right Honourable Malcolm Fraser CH and Mrs Fraser

20-22 March 1983 Their Royal Highnesses The Prince and Princess of Wales visited Alice Springs, Ayers Rock and Tennant Creek

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24 July 1984 Their Excellencies the Right Honourable Sir Ninian Stephen AK GCMG GCVO KBE KStJ and Lady Stephen

November 1986 His Holiness Pope John Paul II

7 August 1987 Their Excellencies the Right Honourable Sir Ninian Stephen AK GCMG GCVO KBE and Lady Stephen

2-3 February 1988 (*) Their Royal Highnesses The Prince and Princess of Wales

03 February 1989 Their Excellencies the Right Honourable Sir Ninian Stephen AK GCMG GCVO KBE KStJ and Lady Stephen

10 August 1989 Their Excellencies the Honourable Bill Hayden AC and Mrs Hayden

19 August 1989 His Excellency the Governor of Queensland, the Honourable Sir Walter Campbell AC QC

11 July 1990 Their Excellencies the Honourable Bill Hayden AC and Mrs Hayden

13-14 August 1991 (*) Her Excellency the Governor of South Australia, Dame Roma Mitchell AC DBE QC

6-8 November 1991 (**) The Right Honourable Sir Paul Hasluck KG GCMG GCVO

11 September 1992 Professor Doctor Her Royal Highness Princess Chulabhorn Didyasarin Mahidol of Thailand, and Group Captain Virayuth Didyasarin

31 July - 3 August 1996 (***) Her Excellency Mrs Leneen Forde AC, Governor of Queensland and Mr McDonald, Prince of Wales Room

31 July - 3 August 1996 (***) His Excellency the Honourable Richard McGarvie AC, Governor of Victoria and Mrs McGarvie, Queen’s Bedroom

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31 July - 3 August 1996 His Excellency the Honourable Sir Guy Green AC KBE, Governor of Tasmania, Beaufort Hotel

31 July - 3 August 1996 His Excellency Major General Michael Jeffery AC MC, Governor of Western Australia and Mrs Jeffery, Beaufort Hotel

17 February 1997 His Excellency The Honourable Sir William Deane AC KBE, Governor-General of Australia and Lady Deane

February 1998 His Excellency The Honourable Sir William Deane AC KBE, Governor-General of Australia and Lady Deane - Katherine Floods

21 April 1998 His Royal Highness, The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh KG KT OM GBE AC QSO to officially open the Royal Agricultural Society of Commonwealth Reception at Government House accompanied by His Grace, The Duke of Westminster

15-16 September 1998 His Excellency The Honourable Sir William Deane AC KBE, Governor-General of Australia and Lady Deane - Tennant Creek

16 September 1998 His Excellency The Honourable Sir William Deane AC KBE, Governor-General of Australia and Lady Deane - Alice Springs

Thursday 30 March 2000 Royal visit to Alice Springs (Todd Mall Walkabout) by Her Majesty the Queen and His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh.

Welcomed and farewelled by His Honour the Administrator of the Northern Territory Dr Neil Conn AO and Mrs Lesley Conn.

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Darwin Coat of Arms

Darwin Coat of Arms A colony was established on Australia’s northern shores primarily to ensure British ownership of this part of Australia. In fact, the original northern settlement consisted mainly of an army regiment. Thus the first reason for Darwin’s existence stemmed from necessity of defence, and is represented in its Arms with the castle or fort. In selecting a suitable site for a settlement, consideration had to be given to port facilities. The sailing ship signifies that an important factor in selecting the site of Darwin was the existence of natural port facilities, and the sailing ship indicates that the year of establishment was prior to the days of steam.

Darwin’s early life was subject to many setbacks. Its first real boost was the advent of the Overland Telegraph Line – this was incorporated in the original design of the Arms, but was not accepted by the Kings of Arms and had to be amended.

Darwin’s next promotion was its airport. This is represented by the old style propeller, indicating Darwin’s early selection as an airport site. On the base of the shield is the encircled star, which is from the Arms of Charles Darwin, after whom the city was named. Another interesting feature of the shield is the gateway within the fort. This represents the idea of Darwin being the gateway to and from Australia. Finally, the masonry on the walls on the fort bear a number of crosses. This signifies the important role the Church had in the development of this City. The Supporters of the Arms: On the left the Australian Aborigine, representing the early inhabitants of the Darwin area, and on the right, a miner, who depicts an important industry which aided Darwin’s growth. The Crest: A compass is surmounted on the crown, its northerly point is particularly highlighted. This represents Darwin’s position as a northern city. The word “Progrediamur” at the base of the arms means “let us go forward”.

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The Australian Coat of Arms

The Australian Coat of Arms The Australian Coat of Arms consists of the Badges of the six States of Australia arranged on a shield in two rows of three columns. The shield is enclosed by an ermine border, signifying the federation of the States into the Commonwealth. New South Wales

Background silver, featuring the Cross of St George containing an heraldic gold lion, walking to the wearer's right (viewer's left), three paws on the ground, the right forepaw being raised, the head turned so as to face the spectator and the tail curved over the back, and on each arm of the cross an eight-pointed gold star.

Victoria

Background blue, containing five stars, one of eight points, two of seven points, one of six points and one of five points (the constellation of the Southern Cross) with an Imperial Crown in normal colours placed above the first star.

Queensland

Background silver, containing a blue Maltese Cross surmounted by an Imperial Crown in normal colours.

South Australia

Background gold, containing an Australian Piping Shrike perched on a twisted band of green and red (the bird has its back to the viewer).

Western Australia

Background gold featuring a black swan swimming to the wearer's left (viewer's right).

Tasmania

Background silver, featuring a red lion walking to the wearer's right (viewer's left) three paws on the ground, the right forepaw being raised, the head looking forward and the tail curved over the back.

The Crest of the Arms, consisting of a seven-pointed gold star on a blue and gold wreath. Six points represent each of the States of the Commonwealth, the seventh point represents the Commonwealth Territories. The Supporters of the coat of Arms: The Kangaroo proper to the left and the Emu proper to the right. Usually the Arms are depicted in a compartment adorned with wattle (Acacia pycnantha) leaves and inflorescence, and a scroll with the word “AUSTRALIA” on it under the Arms. The wattle and the scroll and the rests for the Kangaroo and Emu do not constitute part of the Arms.

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The Order of WearingAustralian Honours and Awards

Government House Canberra ACT 2600

4 April 2002

THE ORDER OF WEARING AUSTRALIAN HONOURS AND AWARDS The Governor-General directs that the positioning of the following awards, within the order of precedence in which Australian Orders, Decorations and Medals should be worn, be notified for general information:

Ambulance Service Medal, Emergency Services Medal, Australian Active Service Medal 1945-1975, International Force East Timor Medal, Humanitarian Overseas Service Medal, 80th Anniversary Armistice Remembrance Medal, Australian Sports Medal, Centenary Medal, Defence Long Service Medal, Australian Cadet Forces Service Medal, and Anniversary of National Service 1951-1972 Medal.

The Schedule, together with the Annexes to the Schedule, incorporates the new positioning of these awards and supersedes that notified in Commonwealth of Australia Gazette No.S208 of 17 June 1996. Honours and Awards listed in the Schedule and Annexes in BOLD print are: • those within the Australian System of Honours and Awards; • those conferred by The Sovereign in exercise of the Royal Prerogative; • those within the Order of St John; and • foreign awards, the acceptance and wearing of which have been authorised by the

Governor-General.

THE ORDER OF WEARING AUSTRALIAN HONOURS AND AWARDS THE SCHEDULE

VICTORIA CROSS (1) VC George Cross GC CROSS OF VALOUR CV KNIGHT/LADY OF THE GARTER KG/LG KNIGHT/LADY OF THE THISTLE KT/LT Knight/Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath GCB ORDER OF MERIT OM KNIGHT/DAME OF THE ORDER OF AUSTRALIA (2) AK/AD Knight/Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George GCMG KNIGHT/DAME GRAND CROSS OF THE ROYAL VICTORIAN ORDER GCVO Knight/Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire GBE COMPANION OF THE ORDER OF AUSTRALIA AC Companion of Honour CH Knight/Dame Commander of the Order of the Bath KCB/DCB Knight/Dame Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George KCMG/DCMG KNIGHT/DAME COMMANDER OF THE ROYAL VICTORIAN ORDER KCVO/DCVO Knight/Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire KBE/DBE Knight Bachelor (NB: Confers title of “Sir” - no postnominals) OFFICER OF THE ORDER OF AUSTRALIA AO Companion of the Order of the Bath CB Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George CMG COMMANDER OF THE ROYAL VICTORIAN ORDER CVO Commander of the Order of the British Empire CBE STAR OF GALLANTRY SG STAR OF COURAGE SC Companion of the Distinguished Service Order DSO DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSS DSC MEMBER OF THE ORDER OF AUSTRALIA AM LIEUTENANT OF THE ROYAL VICTORIAN ORDER LVO Officer of the Order of the British Empire OBE Companion of the Imperial Service Order ISO MEMBER OF THE ROYAL VICTORIAN ORDER MVO Member of the Order of the British Empire MBE CONSPICUOUS SERVICE CROSS CSC NURSING SERVICE CROSS NSC Royal Red Cross (1st Class) RRC Distinguished Service Cross DSC Military Cross MC Distinguished Flying Cross DFC Air Force Cross AFC Royal Red Cross (2nd Class) ARRC MEDAL FOR GALLANTRY MG BRAVERY MEDAL BM DISTINGUISHED SERVICE MEDAL DSM PUBLIC SERVICE MEDAL PSM AUSTRALIAN POLICE MEDAL APM AUSTRALIAN FIRE SERVICE MEDAL AFSM AMBULANCE SERVICE MEDAL ASM EMERGENCY SERVICES MEDAL ESM MEDAL OF THE ORDER OF AUSTRALIA OAM ORDER OF ST JOHN (3) Distinguished Conduct Medal DCM The Schedule (continued)

Conspicuous Gallantry Medal CGM George Medal GM CONSPICUOUS SERVICE MEDAL CSM AUSTRALIAN ANTARCTIC MEDAL (4) AAM Queen’s Police Medal for Gallantry QPM Queen’s Fire Service Medal for Gallantry QFSM Distinguished Service Medal DSM Military Medal MM Distinguished Flying Medal DFM Air Force Medal AFM Queen’s Gallantry Medal QGM ROYAL VICTORIAN MEDAL RVM British Empire Medal BEM Queen’s Police Medal for Distinguished Service QPM Queen’s Fire Service Medal for Distinguished Service QFSM COMMENDATION FOR GALLANTRY COMMENDATION FOR BRAVE CONDUCT Queen’s Commendation for Brave Conduct COMMENDATION FOR DISTINGUISHED SERVICE War medals, campaign medals, active service medals and service medals, (see Annex 1) POLICE OVERSEAS SERVICE MEDAL (5) HUMANITARIAN OVERSEAS SERVICE MEDAL (5) CIVILIAN SERVICE MEDAL 1939-1945 Polar Medal Imperial Service Medal Coronation, Jubilee, Remembrance and Commemorative medals, (in order of date of receipt) (see Annex 2) DEFENCE FORCE SERVICE MEDAL RESERVE FORCE DECORATION RFD RESERVE FORCE MEDAL DEFENCE LONG SERVICE MEDAL NATIONAL MEDAL AUSTRALIAN CADET FORCES SERVICE MEDAL CHAMPION SHOTS MEDAL Long Service Medals (6) ANNIVERSARY OF NATIONAL SERVICE 1951-1972 MEDAL Independence and Anniversary Medals, (in order of date of receipt) Foreign Awards, (in order of date of authorisation of their acceptance and wearing) Notes: 1. Refers to the Imperial Victoria Cross and the Victoria Cross for Australia.

2. Provision for further awards at this level within the Order of Australia was removed by Her Majesty The Queen on 3 March 1986 on the advice of the Prime Minister.

3. Listed to indicate where any awards within the Order of St John should be worn. 4. The Australian Antarctic Medal was known as the Antarctic Medal until 18 December 1997.

5. Clasps to these medals should be worn on the ribbon in order of date of receipt. 6. Refers to Imperial efficiency and long service awards.

General Note: The Unit Citation for Gallantry, the Meritorious Unit Citation and the Group Bravery Citation are not positioned in The Order of Wearing Australian Honours and Awards. For members of uniformed services, they should be worn in accordance with the dress rules of the particular Service concerned. Civilian personnel awarded the Group Bravery Citation should wear the insignia on the left lapel or left breast. Should other honours or awards have been awarded, the Group Bravery Citation should be worn centrally, approx 10mm above these. Annex 1 to Schedule on the Order of Wearing Australian Honours and Awards WAR MEDALS, CAMPAIGN MEDALS, ACTIVE SERVICE MEDALS AND SERVICE MEDALS (1901 onwards)

South African War Queen’s South Africa Medal King’s South Africa Medal

World War I 1914 Star 1914-15 Star (1*) British War Medal Mercantile Marine War Medal Victory Medal Naval General Service Medal 1915-62 (2* & 3*) General Service Medal 1918-62 (2* & 3*)

World War II 1939-45 Star Atlantic Star (4*) Air Crew Europe Star (4*) Africa Star Pacific Star (5*) Burma Star (5*) Italy Star France and Germany Star (4*) Defence Medal War Medal, 1939-45 AUSTRALIA SERVICE MEDAL 1939-45

Post-World War II AUSTRALIAN ACTIVE SERVICE MEDAL 1945-1975 (3*) Korea Medal United Nations Service Medal for Korea (6*) Naval General Service Medal 1915-62 (2* & 3*) General Service Medal 1918-62 (2* & 3*) General Service Medal 1962 (3*) VIETNAM MEDAL VIETNAM LOGISTIC AND SUPPORT MEDAL (7*) AUSTRALIAN ACTIVE SERVICE MEDAL (3*) INTERNATIONAL FORCE EAST TIMOR MEDAL AUSTRALIAN SERVICE MEDAL 1945-1975 (3*) AUSTRALIAN SERVICE MEDAL (3*) RHODESIA MEDAL

Notes: 1*. Recipients of the 1914 Star are not eligible for the award of the 1914-15 Star. 2*. The order of wearing of the Naval General Service Medal 1915-62 and General Service Medal 1918-62 (Army and Air Force) will vary from person to person depending on when the person earned the first clasp. If the first clasp relates to service between World War I and World War II, the medals should be worn immediately after World War I war medals. If the first clasp relates to service after 2 September 1945, the medals should be worn immediately after the United Nations Service Medal for Korea. 3*. Clasps to these medals should be worn on the ribbon in order of date of receipt. 4*. Only one of these three Stars could be awarded to an individual. Should a person have qualified for two of these awards, the Star first earned is worn with the Clasp of the second Star. Only one Star and one Clasp may be worn even if the person qualified for all three Stars. 5*. Only one of these two Stars could be awarded to an individual. Should a person have qualified for both the Pacific Star and the Burma Star, the Star first earned was awarded together with the appropriate Clasp denoting the service that would have qualified for the other Star. 6*. Uniquely, although a foreign award, the United Nations Service Medal for Korea is worn immediately after the Korea Medal. All other foreign awards for which official permission has been given to accept and wear are worn as Foreign Awards. 7*. A person who has been awarded the Vietnam Medal, or who is eligible for the award of the Vietnam Medal, is not eligible for the award of the Vietnam Logistic and Support Medal. Annex 2 to Schedule on the Order of Wearing Australian Honours and Awards CORONATION MEDALS, JUBILEE MEDALS, REMEMBRANCE MEDALS AND COMMEMORATIVE MEDALS (1901 onwards) KING EDWARD VII CORONATION MEDAL KING GEORGE V CORONATION MEDAL KING GEORGE V SILVER JUBILEE MEDAL KING GEORGE VI CORONATION MEDAL QUEEN ELIZABETH II CORONATION MEDAL QUEEN ELIZABETH II SILVER JUBILEE MEDAL 80th ANNIVERSARY ARMISTICE REMEMBRANCE MEDAL AUSTRALIAN SPORTS MEDAL CENTENARY MEDAL

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rksheet 1

Site Plan of Government House

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rksheet 2

Government House

Government House

1) Who were the builders of Government House? _______________________________

2) Where did the stone and wood come from? _________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

3) What are the louvres made of? ____________________________________________ 4) What happened at Government House during the bombing of Darwin?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

5) Was there any damage during Cyclone Tracy? ____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

6) Do the staff wear uniforms? ______________________________________________

7) What is the Drawing Room used for? __________________________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

8) Has the cannon ever been fired? _________________________________________

9) Have any children ever stayed at Government House? _________________________

10) Can the Administrator tell the Chief Minister what to do?_______________________

11) What does the Administrator do? _________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

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rksheet 3

Government House Gardens

Government House Grounds

1) The flagpole on display today is the third flagpole. What happened to the previous two flagpoles? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2) Identify the two flags on the flagpole

3) The Cannon a) Identify the features on the coat of arms which is located on the cannon ________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ b) Take a rubbing using paper/chalk/charcoal of the inscription on the cannon c) What does this inscription mean?_______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ d) What date was the cannon manufactured? _______________________________ e) The serial number is in Roman Numerals, what is the number? _______________ f) What is the weight of the cannon? (Note, it has been recorded in pounds) __________________________________ 4) Concrete Pillar a) This pillar is remaining from what building?________________________________ b) What happened to the building?_________________________________________ 5) A maid was killed and her name is commemorated on a plaque. a) What is the name of the maid? ________________________________________

b) On what date did she die? _____________________________________________ c) How did she die?_____________________________________________________

6) A memorial stone has been laid in memory of a former Head Gardener h What was his name? ________________________ __________________________________________

7) The Stone Seat is known as the ________________________________________ 8) On the raintree hillside pathway look up to the sky and write down three things that you can see _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 9) Can you identify and draw three different herbs found in the Herb Garden? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 10) Identify and draw three different types of wildlife you have seen in the gardens. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

11) When was the Camp Quality time capsule placed? ________________________ 12) How old is the Banyan tree? _________________________________________ 13) Explain and draw the function of the Traveller’s Tree. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

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rksheet 4

Map of Darwin City Historical Sites

Map of Darwin City Historical Sites

Using the numbers next to each description on Worksheet 5 mark on the map the historical sites in Darwin City.

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rksheet 5

Descriptions of Darwin City Historical Sites

Descriptions of Darwin City Historical Sites

1) Administrator’s Office – Built in 1884 for the South Australian Government. The courthouse joined the police station with a cell block out the back. The Navy used these buildings from WWII to 1974 when they were destroyed by Cyclone Tracy. The buildings now serves as the Office of the Administrator.

7) Lyons Cottage – also known as BAT (British Australian Telegraph) House. This colonial bungalow was constructed in 1925. Following World War II, the cottage was home to Darwin’s Mayor, John Lyons.

2) Bicentennial Park – Two hundred commemorative plaques feature throughout the park, recognising those who have made notable contributions to the NT.

8) Old Admiralty House – A tropical design by BCG Burnett built as residence for the District Naval Officer in 1937. Moved to its present site in 1951 and continued as home of the most senior naval officer in the north until 1983. Has been an office, club and restaurant.

3) Browns Mart – was opened in 1885 by V. L. Soloman and Co. as an Emporium. It was built of local stone by Chinese Labourers. Subsequently owned by the Brown family. Damaged in the cyclones of 1897 and 1974, it now serves as a popular community theatre.

9) Old Town Hall – opened on 5 March 1883, was also used as a courthouse and as the local Institute and library. During World War II it was a navy workshop. Cyclone Tracy almost destroyed the hall, only ruins remain.

4) Chinese Temple – The Temple was first built in 1887, however Cyclone Tracy did not leave much of the original structure. Their museum highlights the importance of the Chinese contribution to the community and preserves the history of the Chinese in the Territory.

10) Overland Telegraph Memorial – The cairn marks the site where the original telegraph cable from Java to Darwin was brought ashore, up the cliffs and into the BAT cable room. It commemorates the first overseas communication by telephone cables.

5) Christ Church Cathedral – The original shale stone church built in 1902 was devastated by Cyclone Tracy in 1974. The reconstruction incorporated the porch, the only surviving portion of the old church. Stone salvaged from the ruins forms the back wall.

11) Parliament House – This is the first permanent residence of the NT Legislature. The site was the old Post Office, destroyed during an air raid in 1942. The beautiful new building opened on 18 August 1994.

6) Government House – also known as “The Residency” and “The House of Seven Gables”, dates back to 1870. The central stone hall is the current Drawing Room. It had the first lawn seen in Darwin and The Terrace and Gardens provide a perfect backdrop to community events.

12) Victoria Hotel – Built in 1894, this hotel was originally called the North Australian Hotel. The “Vic” has survived every cyclone and bombing that nature and people have thrown at it, the hotel has witnessed much history and hosted many a famous guest such as aviator, Kingsford Smith.

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rksheet 6

Historic Walk – Recording Sheet

Historic Walk – Recording Sheet Name of building

What is it built from?

What is it used for now?

What was it used for in the past?

Notes

Old Town Hall Ruins

Christ Church

Cathedral

Tree of Knowledge

Commercial

Bank Building

Victoria Hotel

Sue Wah Chin

Star

Theatre/Arcade

Government House

Office of the

Administrator

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rksheet 7

Sketches of Historical Buildings

Sketches of Historical Buildings

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rksheet 8

Excursion to Browns Mart

Excursion to Brown’s Mart

Brown’s Mart in the late 1980’s

1) When was it built? ______________________________________________________

2) For whom was it built? __________________________________________________

3) What was the building originally used for? __________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

4) List some of the other things the building has been used for

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

5) List some of the differences you can see between the sketch above and the building as it is today

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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rksheet 9

Looking at Darwin’s History (1-17)

Activity Sheets Looking at Darwin’s History

Introduction This kit has been put together from a kit produced by the Northern Territory Department of Education. Eighteen activity sheet masters have been included in this kit, selected masters can be photocopied the required number of times. The activity sheets on ‘Building with Stone’ are best done in the classroom either before or after the excursion, while the sheets on individual buildings are designed for fieldwork. The activities have not been written to any specific level and teachers may select the sheets they think are most suitable for their classes. It may be necessary to adapt the sheets to particular situations by adding to or cutting out some of the activities. Several outline drawings of buildings have also been included for general use, display purposes, student’s reports, project book covers, school based activity materials, etc.

Sheet 1 – Building with Stone Look at these two different patterns created by building bricks or stone –

vertical joints lined up vertical joints staggered

A B 1) Which wall looks the strongest, A or B? ____________________________________

2) You can test your answer by arranging real bricks (or stones or wooden blocks) in

the two arrangements shown above. One lot will wobble and be easy to push over while the other lot will ‘hang’ together and feel more secure. What do you think is the main reason for the difference?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3) Which construction patterns would you most likely see in a stone wall, A or B?________________

A B

Sheet 2a - Building with Stone…..Some Common Terms

Blocks of stone used for building could be left more or less in their natural state (rubble) or ‘dressed’ – that is, squared up and given straight sides. This required a lot of skill, and besides, much depended on the quality of the local stone as to whether it ‘dressed’ well or not.

To build a wall, the blocks of rubble were cemented together with mortar. The blocks could be put together in a random manner or arranged so that every now and then the stones formed a level line (a ‘course’). This way the blocks ‘sat’ well and didn’t tend to tumble down.

The finished wall of coursed rubble looked rugged and rough – but the old time builders didn’t always want a rugged look, they wanted something a bit more dignified. To give the coursed rubble the appearance of dressed stone, raised lines of mortar were laid over the wall outlining each stone, but straightening everything up in the process. This was called ‘tuck pointing.

Sheet 2b - Building with Stone….Some Common Terms It is often surprising how many different meanings one word may have. • Look up the meanings of these words in a dictionary. • Under each word write at least two meanings. • Underline the meaning that applies to the topic ‘building with stone’.

Mortar 1)_________________________________________________________________ 2)_________________________________________________________________ Quarry 1)_________________________________________________________________ 2)_________________________________________________________________ Dressed 1)_________________________________________________________________ 2)_________________________________________________________________ Bond 1)_________________________________________________________________ 2)_________________________________________________________________ Masonry 1)_________________________________________________________________ 2)_________________________________________________________________ Course 1)_________________________________________________________________ 2)_________________________________________________________________ Rock 1)_________________________________________________________________ 2)_________________________________________________________________ Point (verb) 1)_________________________________________________________________ 2)___________________________________________________________ Cement 1)___________________________________________________________ 2)___________________________________________________________ Quoin 1)___________________________________________________________ 2)___________________________________________________________

Sheet 3 - Building with Stone….Mortar and Tuck Pointing The stone blocks were held together with mortar, which is a mixture of lime (or cement) sand and water. The mortar could also be used for: • filling in hollows in the wall caused by the rounded shape of the rocks • decorating the wall with lines showing (approximately) the outlines of the rocks.

1) Which job do you think would use the most mortar?

____________________________________________________________________ Do you think the lines of tuck pointing follow the exact shape of the rocks? ____________________________________________________________________ Give a reason for your answer. ____________________________________________________________________

2) Invention Time In the space below draw the tools you think would be needed for building with stone. You will need something to knock rough edges off the blocks of stone and some way to tell if your walls are straight and level.

Note: You may be able to do some research and find out what tools stone masons really used. 3) Find somewhere around the school buildings where bricks, concrete bricks, or

stones are used. Draw about a square metre of the wall (courtyard, pavement etc.) on the back of this page. See if you can find different patterns to the one you drew.

Sheet 4 - Building with Stone…. Why Use Stone? 1) Many of the remaining old buildings of Darwin are built from stone.

Below is a list of possible reasons for this being so. Read the list through and think about each reason. Mark what you think is the most important reason with ‘1’, the next important reason ‘2’, and so on.

You don’t have to paint stone.

Darwin was very isolated (a long way from other towns) so it was a good idea to use local materials where possible.

The left over stones could be used for garden borders.

There was not a lot of suitable timber around Darwin, but there were plenty of stones.

Stones last for a long time and makes a strong building material.

Stone was a common material a hundred years ago and builders were skilful in using it.

Stone looked nice when it was used in buildings.

Note: There are no incorrect answers. Perhaps the whole class can discuss what it thinks are important reasons.

2) In the outline drawing below, add lines to show that the building is made of stone.

Don’t draw every stone – just try to show the texture of stone walls.

Sheet 5 - Building with Stone…. Stone Structures General Activities 1) Try designing a stone structure!

In the space below, draw a design for one of the following: a low stone garden fence (separating one area from another) a stone barbecue a wishing well a stone garden bench a rock pool, fountain and rockery a miniature castle for the garden

2) Research Assignment

The stone used in the old buildings in Darwin is ‘porcellanite’. It can be seen in the low cliffs all along Darwin’s waterfront. Porcellanite is a silicified mudstone and it is a fairly soft stone. Other types of stone used in various part of Australia were sandstone, limestone, granite and basalt.

For you to do: • Find a picture of a stone building from some other part of Australia. • Draw it and describe its main features (style of stone-work, roof, doors, windows

and decorations). • If you can find the information, state what type of stone was used in the building.

Sheet 6 - Government House 1) Describe the fence along the front of Government House.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Discuss with a friend whether the fence suits its surroundings or whether you would prefer a different style of fence (brick wall, iron railings etc). What was your decision?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2)

Use the drawing of one of the gables to do these activities.

a) Complete the decorative details on the finial. b) Draw the windows in the correct position. Note how the points of the windows follow the sloping sides of the gable

3) Draw one of the windows either at

the side or front of the building in the space provided. What type of window was it? ____________________________

4) What flags are flying from the flagpole on the front lawn? ________________________________________________________________________

Sheet 7 - Christ Church Cathedral Materials Needed: Sketch pad or two sheets of drawing paper and pencil. The entrance part of the old church (portico) was added to the original building in 1944 by the armed services. The remainder of the old church was destroyed by Cyclone Tracy.

1) If the portico was built in 1944, why is it so old-fashioned in appearance?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

2) Draw the gable end and doorway of the portico filling in the details missing in this sketch.

3) Put an arrow in your sketch pointing to a decorative feature of the gable that can also be

seen on Government House.

4) How are triangles used to decorate the portico?

___________________________________________________

5) What remainder of World War II can be found in the portico?

___________________________________________________

6) Detective Work . . . Look at the stones from the old church that have been re-used in the front wall of the Cathedral. Examine the surface of one stone very closely. Can you see evidence of insects or small spiders being present at some time or other? On the back of this sheet draw a sketch of the stone’s surface and the clues you find.

Sheet 8 - Old Police Station and Old Court House A building is symmetrical if one half reflects the other half – that is, both sides balance exactly. The opposite of symmetrical is ‘asymmetrical’.

Symmetrical Asymmetrical A building didn’t have to be symmetrical to look pleasing . . . it was just that buildings planned that way were sure to appear well balanced. Symmetrical buildings were a feature of the Georgian Style of architecture which was common in the early years of the 19th century. Complete the following sketches of the Police Station and Old Court House, showing windows, doors, steps and verandah posts. If the building is symmetrical write SYMMETRICAL in the space provided.

The Old Police Station ____________________

The Old Court House ____________________

Sheet 9 - Old Police Station and Old Court House

1) Complete the above sketches showing what materials are used in the walls and the

quoins (brick, cement render or stone).

2) How many panes of glass are in each window of the Old Court House? __________

3) Where did the water run to from the roof of the Old Court House? (Describe only what you can see from the street)

_____________________________________________

4) What type of roof has the Old Police Station? _______________________________

Old Court House? _____________________ Type of roofs

5) By our standards the roof of the Old Court House is very high. What might be the

reason for this?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Note: Question 2 may seem a bit silly but at least it draws your attention to the windows in these buildings. Each style of architecture had identifying features, including window shape and construction. Question 3 should help you to stop and think about the things you can’t see under the city’s footpaths – drains, water pipes, power cables etc.

Introduction to Activity Sheets 10 & 11 Two activity sheets that deal with the Old Police Station and Court House using a ‘systems’ approach have been included. They compare the operations and functions of the same set of buildings after more than one hundred and twenty years. Some understandings that may be gained from this activity are listed below. • A building may appear much the same as it did more than a century ago but in reality there have been

many significant changes in its routine functioning. • The energy input to the building has been increased over the years in order to operate a formidable

array of equipment. • The roles of people change over the years. For example a century ago the gardening (part of general

maintenance) would have been done by three or four low paid servants. Now it may be done by a contractor using up-to-date machinery.

• People in the building functioning as a working unit need to be part of a communications network to do their jobs properly.

Personnel This is not meant to be exhaustive but simply representational. It can include occupations that students THINK may have been represented – a stablehand? (troopers rode horses), a cook perhaps? Certainly a clerk of the Court. The present cast includes the Administrator with secretarial and clerical support staff. Information Background material – base data such as the legislative framework and state ordinances can be included in this box. Some discussion of the types of information passing along a communications network may be needed. What types of information are needed for a police station or a court to function? What sort of information (social, political, economic) does the Administrator need to carry out his duties? Finance Dig deep . . . ultimately, of course, the taxpayer is the source of finance. Energy Sources and Uses A visit to the school office may help to identify the various pieces of equipment that use power (and which we tend to take for granted) e.g. clocks, photocopiers, desk lamps, calculators, pencil sharpeners, fans, display writers, computers and printers, phone chargers, electric jug etc. The main message is that technology has supplied us with a range of gadgets, so our demands for energy has increased. In ‘sources’ don’t neglect small dry cell batteries . . . and no, the Old Court House doesn’t have a solar heating system. Communications Besides the obvious links such as TV, telephone, radio and mail, students should be aware of the importance of Telex and fax communications, especially in administrative situations. It provided a direct link between parties along with a written record. For this exercise computer terminals can also be regarded as communication links. Maintenance The main contrast in this area is that in addition to the stonemasons, plumbers and carpenters needed years ago, there will now be electricians, air-conditioning experts, telephone and security technicians. Functions of the Buildings The test is whether the occupants of the buildings carry out their designated duties. If a courtroom is too small or hot for the magistrate to hear cases, then the building has no output. If the Administrator can receive guests and discuss public affairs in well organized comfort, then the building is functioning well. At this stage it may be well to discuss the Administrator’s role in the NT so that students have some concept of the range of involvement that the position carries. The Administrator’s appointments and duties performed appear on the Government House website. http://www.nt.gov.au/administrator

Sheet 10 - Old Police Station and Old Court House

Sheet 11 - Old Police Station and Old Court House

Sheet 12 – Brown’s Mart

Sheet 13 – Star Village

Sheet 14 – Activity Sheet

Fill in with either . . . a) a sketch of the whole

building, or b) some important detail Check with your teacher for any other instruction.

1) Name of the building __________________________________

2) When was it built? ____________________________________

3) What was it used for?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4) What is it used for now?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5) What parts of the building remain unchanged?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6) Construction: Type of roof __________________________________________________

Materials used in building ______________________________

Special features of building _______________________________

7) Other information ______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Sheet 15 – Brown’s Mart 1) On the sketch above there are some details missing.

Draw in the following

• fanlights over the windows and door. • sunhoods on the side. • lines to represent stonework • door panels

2) On the south wall some of the tuck pointing has crumbled away.

See if you can locate this spot and sketch it in the space below. Show some of the

• raised mortar lines still in place. • places where the mortar lines have gone • stones underneath • mortar holding the stones together

Sheet 16 – Old Methodist Church

1) List the changes that have taken place to the building and its surroundings since the

time of the sketch.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2) List the things which may NOT have changed.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Sheet 17 page 1 – Visit to Lyons Cottage

1) What names has this house been called? Explain each name.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2) What was this building originally used for?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3) What is it used for now?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4) What features inside the house would have helped keep it cool?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5) What can you see in the house which would have not have been there originally

Toilet ________________________________________ ________________________________________

Bathroom ________________________________________ ________________________________________

Other ________________________________________ ________________________________________

6) What can you notice which is probably unchanged?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Sheet 17 page 2 – Visit to Lyons Cottage

7) Where is the kitchen? Why is it there?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8) Describe some of the features of the exterior (outside) of the house

Roof ________________________________________ ________________________________________

Walls ________________________________________ ________________________________________

Windows ________________________________________ ________________________________________

9) What can you notice on the outside of the house which would contribute to cooling the building?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10) What do you see outside the house which would not have been there originally?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________