DosidicusDosidicusgigasgigas: :

northernnorthernrange range

expansion expansion eventsevents

Emma M.C.Emma M.C.Hatfield Hatfield

&&F.G. F.G.

HochbergHochberg

DosidicusDosidicusgigasgigas

DistributionDistributionin thein the

Eastern Eastern PacificPacificOceanOcean

20ºC

20ºC

59ºN

??ºS

??

YEAR(s) STATE LOCALITY N Lat1862 CALIFORNIA Santa Cruz Island

Santa Rosa IslandSan Pedro

Santa Catalina IslandMonterey BayMonterey Bay

La JollaGoleta

Santa BarbaraEureka

NewportYakutat

34º00’1889 CALIFORNIA “1894 CALIFORNIA 33º40’1899 CALIFORNIA 33º20’

1908-10 CALIFORNIA 36º50’1934-37 CALIFORNIA “

1956 CALIFORNIA 32º50’1974-76 CALIFORNIA 34º20’1982-83 CALIFORNIA “1990-91 CALIFORNIA 40º45’1997-99 OREGON 44º40’2002-06 ALASKA 59º30’

Northernmost Confirmed Range Extensions

62626289949902-0697-99

34-3656

90-9108-10

74-7682-83

1800s2000s 1900s

●●

Monterey

Newport

Yakutat

Los Angeles

OREGON

CALIFORNIA

CANADA

WASHINGTON

MEXICO

Northern Range Extensions

60º

40º

20º

COLLECTIONS SURVEYEDCOLLECTIONS SURVEYEDCaliforniaCalifornia

–– CabrilloCabrillo Marine Aquarium, San PedroMarine Aquarium, San Pedro–– California Academy of Sciences, San FranciscoCalifornia Academy of Sciences, San Francisco–– Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific GroveHopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove–– Moss Landing Marine Laboratory (SBMNH)Moss Landing Marine Laboratory (SBMNH)–– Museum of Natural History, Los AngelesMuseum of Natural History, Los Angeles–– Museum of Natural History, Pacific GroveMuseum of Natural History, Pacific Grove–– Museum of Natural History, San DiegoMuseum of Natural History, San Diego–– Museum of Natural History, Santa BarbaraMuseum of Natural History, Santa Barbara–– Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla

OregonOregon–– Oregon State University, Corvallis (SBMNH)Oregon State University, Corvallis (SBMNH)–– Oregon Coast Aquarium, Newport (SBMNH)Oregon Coast Aquarium, Newport (SBMNH)

OtherOther–– National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DCNational Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC

1908: San FranciscoCalifornia

Academy of Sciences

1935: Monterey

Ed Ricketts

Museum ofNatural HistoryPacific Grove

1974: Santa Barbara

Museum of Natural HistorySanta Barbara

immaturemature

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

0

5000

10000

ML (mm)

Mas

s (g

)

pExamination of museum specimens

1908

19351974

19 June 19 June

28 August

25 July

2002 Strandings

June 2002 MEXICO: La Paz

July 2002CALIFORNIA:

La Jolla Cove

August 2002

CALIFORNIA: Goleta & Santa Barbara beaches

September September –– October 2004October 2004ALASKA: off Yakutat (Gulf of Alaska)ALASKA: off Yakutat (Gulf of Alaska)CANADA: off CANADA: off SwiftsureSwiftsure Bank (Vancouver Island)Bank (Vancouver Island)WASHINGTON: off Westport OREGON: off NewportWASHINGTON: off Westport OREGON: off Newport

January 2005January 2005

CALIFORNIA: Pt. Sal, Newport Beach,CALIFORNIA: Pt. Sal, Newport Beach,Monterey & Half Moon BayMonterey & Half Moon Bay

Measurements of fresh specimens obtained during northern range expansions events

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Dorsal Mantle Length (mm)

Bod

y m

ass

(g)

July 2002

Jan 2005

■ 1976 SoCalif ■ 2002 SoCalif ● 2003 Oregon ▲ 2004 Canada■ 1999 SoCalif ■ 2005 SoCalif ● 2004 Oregon ▲ 2005 Alaska

Recreational & Commercial Landings

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Nos

land

ed

The North San Francisco Monterey Los Angeles San Diego

Recreational Catches87,880 164,534Recreational

Dosidicus: California Landings – 1990 to 2005

0

25

50

75

100

125

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

land

ings

(t)

150

Th N th S F i M t L A l S Di

334 t Commercial334 t

Tons

Num

bers

Dosidicus landings (t)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Com

mer

cial

land

ings

(t)

Loligo landings (t)

0

25000

50000

75000

100000

125000

150000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Com

mer

cial

land

ings

(t)

Commercial Squid Landings: 1990-2005

Dosidicus gigas

Doryteuthis opalescens

Dosidicus commercial landings by gear: 1990 to 2005

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Gillnet Hook-and-line gears

Other Seine Trap Trawl Unclass.

Land

ings

(t)

Loligo commercial landings by gear: 1990 to 2005

0

250000

500000

750000

1000000

Gillnet Hook-and-linegears

Other Seine Trap Traw l Unclass.

Land

ings

(t)

Commercial Landings by Gear Type: 1990-2005

Doryteuthis opalescens

Dosidicus gigas

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Mex

ican

Pac

ific

land

ings

(t)

BAJA CALIFORNIA BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR SONORA SINALOA

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

land

ings

(t)

The North San Francisco Monterey Los Angeles San Diego

334 t California

Comparison of Commercial Landings: 1991-2003To

ns

334

Mexico

Tons

What triggers migration of What triggers migration of DosidicusDosidicus intointonorthern waters?northern waters?normal part of range?normal part of range?population explosion at center of rangepopulation explosion at center of rangenorthern migration of core populationnorthern migration of core populationcorrelations with oceanographic events (ENSO)correlations with oceanographic events (ENSO)tropical depressionstropical depressionsglobal warmingglobal warmingfollowing prey northfollowing prey north

Do populations reside andDo populations reside and reproduce reproduce in far northern waters?in far northern waters?

TOPICS FOR DISCUSSIONTOPICS FOR DISCUSSION

What contributes to mortality and What contributes to mortality and strandingsstrandings??Natural causesNatural causes

postpost--spawning mortality (spent & dying)spawning mortality (spent & dying)chasing grunion onto beaches chasing grunion onto beaches driven ashore by predators driven ashore by predators parasites, pathogens &/or diseasesparasites, pathogens &/or diseaseschanges in water temperature (cold shock)changes in water temperature (cold shock)changes in salinity (freshwater influx from heavy rains)changes in salinity (freshwater influx from heavy rains)changes in sediment load (increased turbidity in near changes in sediment load (increased turbidity in near

shore waters)shore waters)starvationstarvationnatural chemical toxins (natural chemical toxins (domoicdomoic acid)acid)

Other causes of mortalityOther causes of mortalitymanmade pollution, manmade pollution, biotoxinsbiotoxins, or antibiotics, or antibioticssonic pressure waves (secret naval maneuvers)sonic pressure waves (secret naval maneuvers)swarms of mini earthquakesswarms of mini earthquakesdistance impacts from SE Asian earthquakes & distance impacts from SE Asian earthquakes &

tsunamistsunamismass suicides during aerial attacks on coastal mass suicides during aerial attacks on coastal

cities in California cities in California

Acknowledgements:

To date 38 people have assisted our project

Collection of animals & sighting/stranding records Access to specimens, specimen data, &/or photographs Assistance with specimen measurements Access to oceanographic informationAccess to commercial and recreational fishing records

MEXICO: Baja CaliforniaUSA: California, Oregon, Washington, AlaskaCANADA: British Columbia

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