northern european panel 31 march 2009 hamburg peter m. swift
TRANSCRIPT
Northern European Panel
31 March 2009
Hamburg
Peter M. Swift
INTERTANKO Overview
• Incident Statistics
• Council Agenda
• Criminalisation Update
• Piracy
• Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• Diary Dates
Accidental oil pollution into the sea and tanker trade
Source: INTERTANKO/ITOPF/Fearnleys
1000ts spilt
Billion tonne-miles
Record low pollution in 2008: 2,000 ts
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
19701972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 20080
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000Trade in billion Tonne-miles (Fearnleys)
'000 tonnes spilt in tanker accidents (ITOPF)
Accidental oil pollution into the sea and tanker trade
Source: INTERTANKO/ITOPF/Fearnleys
10001000ts spiltts spilt
Billion Billion tonne-milestonne-miles
Record low pollution in 2008: 2,000 ts
0.0
0.7
1.4
2.1
2.8
3.5
1970s 1980s 1990s PR00s
0
21
42
63
84
105
1000 ts spilt
'0000 bntonne-miles
- 63% -3% -81%
Tanker Incidents and accidental pollution
Number incidentsNumber incidents
Based on data from LMIU, ITOPF + othersBased on data from LMIU, ITOPF + others
0
210
420
630
840
1050
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
0
120
240
360
480
600
Misc
Security
Fire/Expl
Hull & Machinery
Grounded
Coll/Contact
Oil pollution
2009 is a projection based on 68 days
Tanker incidents 2008 by type
Source: INTERTANKO/LMIU/various
Fire / Explosion 6%
Security8%
Grounding 16%
Collision / contact 28%
Misc / unknown
14%
Collision/contact
Grounding
Fire/Explosion
Hull & machinery
Misc/unknown
Hostilities
312 reported tanker incidents
2008
Hull & Machinery (28%), 87 of which 60 engine related+ 3 black outs
Tanker groundings incidents
Number incidentsNumber incidents
Based on data from LMIU, ITOPF + othersBased on data from LMIU, ITOPF + others
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Tanker hull & machinery incidents
Number incidentsNumber incidents
Based on data from LMIU, ITOPF + othersBased on data from LMIU, ITOPF + others
0
100
200
300
400
500
78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Engine
Hull & Machinery
Split engine and other Hull & Machinery
Tanker Engine incidents
Number incidentsNumber incidents
Based on data from LMIU, ITOPF + othersBased on data from LMIU, ITOPF + others
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Engine
Other Hull & Machinery
Tanker Engine incidents
Number incidentsNumber incidents
Based on data from LMIU, ITOPF + othersBased on data from LMIU, ITOPF + others
Year <10 years 10-24 years >25 years Total Average age
2002 4 15 3 22 17.5
2003 3 8 3 14 18.4
2004 2 7 3 12 18.8
2005 9 20 5 34 17.6
2006 12 17 3 32 14.3
2007 20 25 3 48 13.2
2008 25 24 10 59 15.6
2009 4 3 7 9.7
Total 79 119 30 228 15.6
Council Agenda – 13 May 2009, Tokyo
• Corporate Affairs• Piracy status report• Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• Report items- Chemical items- Load Line Zones – Off South Africa- Criminalisation of Seafarers - update- Paris MoU – New Inspection Regime- Human Element – Roll out of TOTS- EU and US Issues
Criminalisation of Seafarers - Update
• EU Ship Source Pollution Directive
• “Hebei Spirit” officers
• Support for:IMO/ILO Guidelines on the “Fair Treatment of Seafarers in the Event of a Maritime Accident”
New Inspection Regime – Paris MoU
Better targeting !!!
“ Every ship eligible for a periodic inspection as follows:
• High Risk Ship (HRS) every 5-6 months• Standard Risk Ship (SRS) every 10-12 months• Low Risk Ship (LRS) every 24-36 months ”
Piracy
• Malacca Straits
• Nigeria / Gulf of Guinea
• Somalia – Gulf of Aden / W Indian Ocean
Piracy - Somalia
Guidance to Industry
Generic: • IMO Circular 623 (Rev 3)
Region Specific:• UN Contact Group: Best Management
Practices
• OCIMF/INTERTANKO/Industry Guide: Piracy - The East Africa/Somalia Situation
Practical Measures to Avoid, Deter or Delay Piracy Attacks
Piracy
Guidance for Gulf of Aden / Somalia
• Pre-transit:Assess RiskPlan self-defensive measuresRegister with MSCHOAIF appropriate, join Group Transit
• During transit: Stay alertReport to UKMTOFollow “best practices”
Piracy
INTERTANKO activities
Documentary Committee:Developed Piracy Model Clauses
IMO: Member of Correspondence Group revising MSC Guidance CircularIndustry spokesperson at Djibouti meeting finalising regional code
UN:Member of Best Practices Working GroupObserver at UN Contact Group
EU Naval Coordination:Part-time secondee as Merchant Navy Liaison Officer
US Congress:Testimony on International Piracy
International:Interfaces with national governments
PLUS REGULAR SECURITY BULLETINS TO MEMBERS
Piracy
United Nations Contact Group
• WG 1 : measures to improve the coordination of, and information sharing between, the various naval forces present in the region and their interfacing with civilian shipping
• WG 2 : programmes to facilitate the prosecution of those caught and suspected of piracy
• WG 3: facilitates development of industry “Best Management Practices” to counter piracy and their application within the international shipping community
•
• WG 4 : communications and outreach strategies for use within Somalia and to the wider international community as part of capacity building programmes - this latter to be in conjunction with other UN programmes already on the ground within the region
[ Initiatives to Reduce ][ Initiatives to Reduce ]Greenhouse Gas EmissionsGreenhouse Gas Emissions
Shipping has a head start as the most Shipping has a head start as the most energy efficient means of transportenergy efficient means of transport
20
CO2 Emissions per Unit Loadby Transport Mode
Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (Japan): The Survey on Transport Energy 2001/2002 MOL (Japan): Environmental and Social Report 2004
Large Tanker
Large Containership
Railway
Coastal Carrier
Small-size Commercial Truck
Airplane
Standard-size Commercial Truck
100 200 300 400
398
226
49
11
6
3
1
0
Units Relative
Shipping energy efficient
TANKER SHIPPING A GOOD NEWS STORYTANKER SHIPPING A GOOD NEWS STORY Shipping’s GREEN Credentials
• This car, weighing one tonne, uses 1 litre of fuel to move 20 kms
• This oil tanker uses 1 litre of fuel to move one tonne of cargo 2,500 kms
– more than twice as far as 20 years ago
TANKER SHIPPING A GOOD NEWS STORYTANKER SHIPPING A GOOD NEWS STORY Shipping’s GREEN Credentials
• One US gallon of fuel moves one ton of freight 423 miles in this railcar
• One US gallon of fuel moves one ton of cargo more than 6,500 miles in this tanker
Reductions in GHG (CO2) EmissionsDRIVERS FOR CHANGE
• Driven hardest by a limited number of governments– Supported mostly by EU governments, plus Japan,
Australia, Canada and a few others– Until recently only limited support in US (mostly
environmental interests)– Relatively little enthusiasm in much of the developing
world, but now changing ?• Environmental Lobby growing
– And becoming more coordinated• Maritime industries showing considerable support
– Proactive involvement – Although “hesitant” on market based instruments
• Economic incentives strong– Fuel savings translate into potentially significant cost
savings; plus incentives for innovation & new technologies
One particular challenge for the shipping industry- i.e. seaborne trade will continue to grow strongly
Source: Fearnleys/INTERTANKO
IndexIndex
80
100
120
140
160
180
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
Population
Energy use
Seaborne trade
CO2 emission
There has been strong growth in shipping
Trends – Population, Energy Use, Seaborne trade & CO2 emissions
Kyoto Protocol
• Established under UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and adopted in 1997
• Ratified by 181 countries – not the USA• Categorises Annex 1 (Developed) Countries and Non-
Annex 1 (Developing) Countries • Annex 1 are committed to make GHG reductions with set
targets, but also flexible mechanisms • Runs through to 2012, with Conference of Parties (COP15)
to meet in Copenhagen in Dec 2009 to develop successor• Kyoto recognises “common but differentiated
responsibilities”, i.e. developed countries produce more GHGs and should be “responsible” for reductions
• Kyoto looks to IMO to address Shipping and ICAO to address Aviation, and as such these emissions are currently excluded from Kyoto targets
Initiatives underway at the IMO
1998: IMO initiated work on Green House Gas emissions 2003: IMO Assembly adopted Resolution A.963(23): Policies and Practices Related to the Reduction of GHG from Ships Today: Work continues through the MEPC
This year: we can expect MEPC 59 to adopt - Mandatory Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships Ship Energy Management Plan – existing ships: - Best practices to save energy used by the ship - Use of voluntary Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator
In December: the outcome(s) of MEPC 59 will be presented to UNFCCC COP15 meeting in Copenhagen
Initiatives underway at the IMO
Ship Performance Index: CO2 / work done
e.g. tonnes of CO2 produced per tonne mile of cargo
• Energy efficiency design index mandatory for new -ships incentivises designers and builders. At the next stage: The ship’s design index should be less than a maximum limit to be set by regulations.The maximum value will then be lowered over time.
• Voluntary energy efficiency operational indicator - measures efficiency of ship in service.A management tool for owners and charterers to measure energy efficiency on a voyage. Incentivises the owner to keep hull and machinery “clean” and charterer to use the ship efficiently – capacity, routing and speed.
SEMP: Examples of Best Practicesfor tanker emissions & energy efficiency
1. Programme for Measuring and Monitoring Ship Efficiency2. Voyage Optimization Programme
1. Speed selection optimization2. Optimised route planning3. Trim Optimization
3. Propulsion Resistance Management Programme1. Hull Resistance2. Propeller Resistance
4. Machinery Optimisation Programme1. Main Engine monitoring and optimisation2. Optimisation of lubrication as well as other machinery and equipment
5. Cargo Handling Optimization1. Cargo vapours control procedure on all crude tankers (80-90% reduction of
cargo vapours)2. Cargo temperature control optimization
6. Energy Conservation Awareness Plan1. On board and on shore training and familiarisation of company’s efficiency
programme2. Accommodation-specific energy conservation programme
162
168
174
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 % SMCR
Engineshaft power
SFO
C
ME/ME-C 100% SMCR optimised
MC/MC-C 100% SMCR optimised
ME/ME-C Part load optimised
3-4g/kWh
Economy mode:
3-4g/kWh
IMO is also reviewing possible economic measures (instruments) to reduce CO2 emissions
• Emissions Trading Scheme • Bunker Levy• GHG Compensation Scheme• Hybrids of above• Other, e.g. differentiated charges
Industry has established Guiding principles and believe any measure should:
• Be effective in reducing global GHG emissions• Be binding on and applicable to all ships• Be cost effective• Not distort competition• Support sustainable environmental development without penalising
trade growth• Promote technical innovation and leading technologies• Be practical, transparent, fraud-free, easy to administer
Market Based instruments
Key issues:
• Global versus regional ?• Who administers ?• Still needed – if other industry initiatives in place ?
ETS• Sets Cap – reduces over time• Open versus Closed system ?• Value of carbon – different schemes
Levy• Does not set cap• A tax on fuel (used)
GHG Compensation scheme• Does not set cap• A tax for a good cause – i.e. a charity !
Initiatives already under way- parallel voluntary measures
For most ship types, some form of :• Speed optimisation• Voyage optimisation• Capacity optimisation
is already in hand.
For Tankers:• Liaison is encouraged between owners and charterers to optimise vessel speed and voyage schedules
http://www.ocimf.com/view_document.cfm?id=1147
Other initiatives under discussion
Pending the setting of mandatory upper limits for the Energy Efficiency Design Index of new ships, there exists the potential for:
• The Establishment of a Reference Value for a New Ship (i.e. a Target)
• Development of a Rating System relative to the Reference Value
Similar to the performance rating of white goods
Other initiatives already under way- parallel voluntary measures
Ports / terminals• Ports developing Environmental Ship Index (for pollutants and GHGs)
• Incentives to improve port efficiency• Reward environmentally friendly ships with lower port dues
UNCTAD ConferenceMaritime Transport and the Climate Change Challenge
Engine Design
Fuel Efficiency
Gain
Engine derating < 3.5%
Diesel electric drives 5-30%
Combined diesel electric
and diesel mechanical drives
<4%
Waste heat recovery <10%
Enhanced engine tuning and part load operation
<4%
Common rail engine <1%
New
Bu
ild
Ret
ro-f
it
Op
erat
ion
al
Source: International Transport Forum 2009, OECD
Estimates of fuel efficiency improvements are drawn from (Wartsila, 2008), (Green, Winebrake, & Corbett, 2008), (Bond, 2008)
Tanker/Bulker
Container
Ro-ro
Ferry-Cruise
Offshore Supply
UNCTAD ConferenceMaritime Transport and the Climate Change Challenge
Propulsion Systems
Fuel Efficiency
Gain
Wing thrusters <10%
Counter-rotating propellers <12%
Optimised propeller-hull interface <4%
Propeller-rudder Unit <4%
Optimised propeller blade sections <2%
Propeller tip Winglets <4%
Propeller nozzle <5%
Propeller Efficiency Monitoring <4%
Efficient Propeller Speed Modulation <5%
Pulling Thruster <10%
Wind power: Flettner rotor <30%
Wind power: Kites & Sails <20%
New
Bu
ild
Ret
ro-f
it
Op
erat
ion
al Tanker/Bulker
Container
Ro-ro
Ferry-Cruise
Offshore Supply
DIARY DATES 2009
01 Apr Chemical Tanker Sub-committee Americas, Houston02 Apr Hellenic Mediterranean Panel, Athens23 Apr Members’ Seminar, Singapore24 Apr Crisis Preparedness &Media Awareness Workshop,
Singapore 27 Apr Asian Regional Panel, Shanghai
12 May Chartering Seminar, Tokyo13-15 May Annual Tanker Event 2009,Tokyo13 May Associate Members Committee, Tokyo19 May Vetting Committee, Singapore20 May Vetting Seminar, Singapore
09 Jun Chemical Tanker Committee, Oslo09 Jun Norshipping: Boat Cruise and BBQ, Oslo
09 Sep Human Element in Shipping Committee, Copenhagen
THANK YOUFor more information, please visit:
www.intertanko.com www.poseidonchallenge.com
www.shippingfacts.comwww.maritimefoundation.com