Northern Colonies• In northern colonies, religion, not profit, drives

colonization• Puritan separatists leave Holland and land in

Plymouth, 1620, • Mayflower Compact- moderate self govt.• Myles Standish is their leader. • Merged with Mass. Bay Colony in 1691• Original co-existence w/ N.Am. > Tension• Expansion > conflict with Pequot Nation,

exterminated.• Metacom, aka King Philip’s War, 1675, last N.Am.

Resist. In Puritan colonies

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• 1630, as a “city on a hill” for Puritans

• 2/3 of males (churched only) enfranchised

• John Cotton and other ministers influ.

• Separation of Church and State

• Anne Hutchinson, exiled in 1638

Begins Am. trad. of Freedom of Conscience

• Roger Williams founds RI – religious tolerance

The Dutch

• Trade, esp. with Native Americans

• New Netherland Founded in 1613

• New Amsterdam founded 1623

• Patroonship system

• Captured by Duke of York 1664 (now NYC)

Middle Colonies

• PA founded by William Penn in 1681• Quakers- Society of Friends• Good PR• Good Relations with N. Americans• Tolerant and Democratic society• NJ sold to Quakers by Puritans, made a Royal

Colony in 1702• Farming, Industry, Multi-ethnic• Ben Franklin

Maryland

• Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore• Haven for Catholics in Prot. England• Jesuits part of first colony in St. Mary’s City, said first

mass in English Colonies• Act of Toleration – 1649 – Religious Freedom• http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/amerdoc/

maryland_toleration.htm• Mixed success for Catholics, becomes Protestant

majority and later Royal Colony• “Brown Gold”

West Indies

• Sugar is King – cash crop• Slaves needed to supply labor• Plantation system• Staging area for slaves for Southern US• Barbados Slave Code of 1661• Part of Triangular Trade

Sugar > Molasses > Rum > Slaves > Sugar >

MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES

• In Southern Colonies, development of Plantations leads to slavery

• “Brown Gold” – tobacco is king in VA• Independence of Virginia House of Burgesses ends

when James I makes it a royal colony• Indentured Servants used at first for labor• Headright system• 40% fatality rate• Problem: no property/rebel/disenfranchised

• Shift to slaves as labor source

Georgia

• Founded by James Oglethorpe, 1733

• Philanthropist, pauper’s colony

• Buffer state with Spanish FL

• Melting pot of ethnicities

Carolinas

• Founded after Restoration of Charles II• 1670• Economy based on Indian Slave Trade• Rice Plantations• Slaves imported b/c of malaria resistance• Port of Charles Town founded• Later N. Carolina formed in reaction to

elites in VA and SC

Northern Colonies

Southern ColoniesMiddle Colonies

COMPARE/CONTRAST

NORTHERN MIDDLE SOUTHERN

Puritan

Religious Comm.

Farm & Industry

Small Farms

Slow, but Growing Conflict w/Indians

Good Climate

Quaker

Rel. Freedom

Farm & Industry

Farms

Democratic

Tolerant

Good Rel.w/Indian

Malaria in Chesap.

Catholic/Misc.

Economic

Cash Crops

Plantations

Slavery

Buffer State

Punitive Wars

Malarial