north east india general

8/3/2019 North East India General

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The North East of India constitutes the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura.

Flanked by hills and with themighty Brahmaputra river

slashing a central path

between its north and south,

the North East is bounded by

the States of Manipur,

Meghalaya, Mizoram,

Nagaland, Tripura with

Assam comprising the heart.

Arunachal Pradesh lies to its

north and Sikkim a littleaway in the North West

bordering China and Bhutan.

Bangladesh and Myanmar lie

to its southwest and east.

The torrential Brahmaputra

deposits its rich alluvial silt

along the banks of the plains

of Assam. Tropical rain

forest, rich in flora and fauna, spread their arms across Arunachal Pradesh into

Assam. It is a land where tea is an industry, handicrafts a major occupation and

martial arts a favoured sport.

The western side of the North East is connected to the eastern part of the Indian

subcontinent by a narrow land corridor, sometimes referred to as the Siliguri

Neck or "Chicken's Neck". The eight states that comprise the region reflect

ecological and cultural contrasts between the hills and the plains; there are also

significant elements of continuity. Available medieval and modern records

indicate interdependence and interaction between the hills and plains. The North

East is one of the most biodiverse regions in the world. The forest cover variesbut average 65 per cent is government owned. Village communities, individuals

and chiefs own the rest. The area can be divided into three geographical

divisions-the Shillong Plateau, the North Eastern hill Basin and the Brahmaputra

Valley.

The economy of Northeast India has got its definite identity due to its peculiar

physical, economic and socio-cultural characteristics. This region consists of

eight states viz., Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram,

Nagaland, Tripura, Sikkim. The NER of India covers an area of 2.62 lakh sq. km. It


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accounts for 7.9% of total geographical area of the country. With a total

population of 39 million (2001), it accounts for 3.8% of total population of India.

POPULATION:

Total Population - 2001 Census:

(Persons)

State Population Males Females Rural Urban

% age of

Urban

Population

% age of

Rural

Population

Arunachal

Pradesh1097968 579941 518027 870087 227881 20.75 79.25

Assam 26655528 13777037 12878491 23216288 3439240 12.90 87.10

Manipur* 2166788 1095634 1071154 1590820 575968 26.28 73.42

Meghalay

a2318822 1776087 1142735 1864711 454111 19.58 80.42

Mizoram 888573 459109 429464 447567 441006 49.63 50.37

Nagaland 1990036 1047141 942895 1647249 342787 17.23 82.77

Sikkim 540851 288454 252367 480981 59870 11.07 88.93

Tripura 3199203 1642225 1556978 2653453 545750 17.06 82.94

Total NER 38857769 20065658 18792111 32771156 6086613 15.66 84.34

All India102861032

8

53215677

2

49645355

6

74249063

9

28611968

927.82 72.18

* Excludes Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul sub-division of Senapati dist.

Source: Basic Statistics of NER 2006

Economy of the Northeast


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The North East India or simply the North East as usually referred to in India is aregion as interesting and varied as India itself. It comprises of the eight States of

Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and

Tripura. It is hilly, it has plains on both sides of the mighty Brahmaputra and then

the mighty Himalayan range around it.

The pace of development in the hilly areas and plains differ considerably. The

valleys are economically active areas of the region, the Brahmaputra valley

being the most active. Tribal population forms only one fourth of the population

of the North East, despite the fact that in four States i.e., Mizoram, Meghalaya,

Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh, tribals are in majority and in Mizoram, they

constitute as high as 95% of the population. Though the region is diverse and

heterogeneous, it is also homogeneous in the sense that the social stratification

found in other parts of the country is not present in the North East. There aredifferences among the eight States in the North Eastern region with respect to

their resource endowments, level of industrialisation as well as infrastructural

facilities. The industrial sector has mainly grown around tea, petroleum[crude],

natural gas etc. in Assam and mining, saw mills and steel fabrication units in

other parts of the region. The economy of the region is still primarily agrarian but

its full potential is yet to be exploited. Since agriculture and industry has not

really taken off in spite of the potential in the form of vast unexploited resource

base available in the region. The pressure for employment is on the service

sector. The contribution of agriculture to State domestic income is much higher

in this region, except for Meghalaya and Nagaland. Mining in case of Meghalaya

and forestry and logging in case of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland are

important contributors to NSDP. The contribution of construction is also high in

this region. Growth in per capita income is almost stagnated in Assam since the

90s, was better than the national average in Meghalaya, an increasing trend in

case of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim & Tripura. Despite being

rich in natural resources, development in the North Eastern region has lagged

behind the rest of the country. The regions economy is generally characterized

by low per-capita income, low capital formation, in-adequate infrastructure

facilities, geographical isolation and communication bottleneck, inadequate

exploitation of natural resources like mineral resources, hydro power potential,

forests etc., low progress in industrial field, lack of private and foreign direct

investment and high un-employment rate among the relatively high literate

people.

The natural resource endowments and education levels of the population not

with standing, the NER represents one of the least developed - economically and

industrially regions of the country.


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Gross State Domestic Product, 2008-09:

(Rupee in Crores)

States Current Prices Constant Prices

Arunachal Pradesh 4536 3028

Assam 79277 53319

Manipur 6344 4899

Meghalaya 9611 6459

Mizoram 3663 2495

Nagaland 5978 (2006-07) 4850 (2006-07)

Sikkim 2612 1756

Tripura 10821 (2007-08) 8350 (2007-08)

Source: Central Statistical Organisation (As on 12-04-2010)

Net State Domestic Product, 2008-09:

(Rupee in Crores)



Assam 71164 48262

Manipur 8580 4408

Meghalaya 8580 5878

Mizoram 3184 2205

Nagaland 5480 (2006-07) 4493 (2006-07)

Sikkim 2234 1503

Tripura 10007 (2007-08) 7814 (2007-08)


Per Capita Net State Domestic Product, 2008-09:

(Rupees)


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Assam 23993 16272

Manipur 21062 16508

Meghalaya 33674 23069

Mizoram 29576 20483

Nagaland 20892 (2006-07) 17129 (2006-07)

Sikkim 37553 25257

Tripura 28806 (2007-08) 22493 (2007-08)


AGRICULTURE:

The pattern of agricultural growth has however remained uneven across regions

and crops. The NER continues to be a net importer of food grains even for its own

consumption. In spite of covering 7.7% of the countrys total geographical area,

NER produces only 1.5 % of the countrys total food grain production. Agriculture

provides livelihood support to 70 % of the population of NER.

State-wise Area, Production and Yield of Foodgrains, 2008-2009:

(Area : ' 000 Hectare, Production: '000 Tonne, Yield : Kilogram/Hectare)

States Area Production Yield

Arunachal Pradesh 203.8 255.8 1255

Assam 2670.8 4143.0 1551

Manipur 185.6 415.0 2236

Meghalaya 132.5 236.3 1783

Mizoram 65.6 58.9 898

Nagaland 283.9 514.2 1811

Sikkim 79.6 107.5 1351


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Tripura 251.3 634.7 2526

Source : Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India.

State-wise Area, Production and Yield of Total Cereals in NER, 2008-2009:

(Area : ' 000 Hect., Production : ' 000 Tonne, Yield : Kg./Hect.)

States Area Production Yield

Arunachal Pradesh 195.3 246.8 1264

Assam 2557.1 4078.5 1595

Manipur 172.7 408.5 2365

Meghalaya 128.0 232.4 1816

Mizoram 61.6 55.3 898

Nagaland 250.9 474.5 1891

Sikkim 67.0 95.7 1428

Tripura 245.2 630.3 2571


FISHERY:

State-wise Fish Production in NER:

(In ' 000 Tonne)

States 2007-08 2008-09

Arunachal Pradesh 2.83 2.88

Assam 190.32 199.41

Manipur 18.60 18.80
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Meghalaya 4.00 3.96

Mizoram 3.76 3.76

Nagaland 5.80 6.18

Sikkim 0.18 0.17

Tripura 36.25 36.00

NA : Not Available.


Fish Seed Production in NER, (2004-2005 to 2007-2008):

(In Million Fry)

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

3350.83 3970.76 2710.47 3933.63

Source : Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India. &

Indian Council of Agricultural Research &

Indian Council of Agricultural Research.

HANDICRAFTS:

Number of Craftsmen Covered under Various Schemes of Handicrafts Sector in NER:

Particular 2008-09

No of Craftsmen Covered 385657

Source : Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 297, dated on 23.07.2009.

State-wise Handicrafts Artisans Benefited under AHVY in NER, (2008-09 and 2009-10):
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StatesNo. of Artisans

2008-09 2009-10


Assam 6680 2895

Manipur 2000 2584

Meghalaya 500 500

Mizoram 200 650

Nagaland 660 1000

Sikkim 1110 0

Tripura 2683 2526

Abbr. : AHVY : Ambedkar Hastshilp Vikas Yojana.

Source : Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 3772, dated 19.12.2006. &

Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 4862, 26.08.2010.

TOURISM:

India's NE has huge potential to develop its tourism industry, which has been

booming as a fall-out of globalization. Since tourism contributes to tourism

economy, the NE can be a partner in the Indian national growth as well.

Government of India attaches great importance to the development of touristinfrastructure in the North East region in view of immense tourist potential of the

region. The rich natural beauty, serenity and exotic flora and fauna of the area

are invaluable resources for the development of eco-tourism.

Domestic and Foreign Tourist Visits in Northeast, 2008:

Tourist Inflow 2007 2008

No. of Domestic Tourists 4726218 5145011
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No. of Foreign Tourists 43058 47561

Source : Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India.

INDUSTRY:

State-wise Principal Characteristics of Annual Survey of Industries in NER, (2007-2008):

(Value Figures in Rs. Lakh and Others in Number)

StatesFactorie

s

Fixed

Capital

Productiv

e Capital

Invested

CapitalWorkers

Total

Persons

Engaged

Wages

to

Worker

s

Total

Emolu-

ments

Total

Input

Gross

Output

Depre-

ciation

Net

Value

Added

Rent

Paid

Interes

t Paid

Assam 185989108

1

123724

0

130196

5

11313

2

13428

442729

7524

5

270532

4

310436

0

7156

3

32747

3

646

3

3688

9

Meghalaya

90 61033 116154 83251 4574 5587 2950 4839 110950 171468 6549 53969 1088

4060

Tripura 340 24494 45797 46419 20696 22896 3579 5035 60280 76615 1987 14348 296 1213

Nagaland 104 2792 5201 6953 2494 2974 501 743 9646 13606 244 3716 41 222

Manipur 69 1141 1972 2006 2442 2722 569 681 4623 5825 107 1096 31 81

Source : Compiled from Various Reports of Annual Survey of Industries.

Selected State-wise Number of Exhibitions Organised by Khadi and Village Industries

Commission (KVIC) in NER, (2005-2006 to 2009-2010):

States

Number of Exhibitions Organised

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

2009-10

(Upto Feb.,

2010)

Arunachal Pradesh 2 - 1 - 11

Assam 9 5 4 6 10
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Manipur - 1 1 1 2

Meghalaya - 1 3 2 3

Mizoram - - 1 2 6

Nagaland - 1 1 1 4

Sikkim 2 - - - 0

Tripura - 1 1 - 4

Source : Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 35, dated 17.02.2009

& Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 765, dated 02.03.2010.

EDUCATION:

Access to educational institutions promoting skill development is a prerequisite

for providing trained man power. As per 1991 census literacy rate of NER was

58.09% (all India 52.2%), while in 2001 it was 68.5% (all India 64.8%). Mizoram

has the second highest literacy rate in India. The following table gives the

number of educational Institutions in the NER.

State-wise Number of Higher Educational Institutions in NER, (2006-2007):

StatesUniversiti

es

Arts

Science

&

Commer

ce

Colleges

Engg.,

Tech.,

&

Arch.,

College

s #

Medical Colleges

(Allo/Ayur/Hom

eo/ Unani/Nurs

Techers

Trainin

g

College

s

Polyte

-

chnics

#

Others

(Includes,

Law

Manageme

nt

MCA/IT)

Tota

l

Arunacha

l Pradesh1 10 1 1 2 3 0 17

Assam 5 348 4 10 40 12 29 443
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Manipur 2 58 1 1 6 3 6 75

Meghala

ya

1 58 1 0 1 3 3 66

Mizoram 1 22 0 0 2 3 1 28

Nagaland 1 42 0 0 4 3 24 73

Sikkim 2 5 1 2 2 2 1 13

Tripura 1 14 1 3 1 2 4 25

Note : # : Figures estimated on the basis of intake capacity communicated by

AICTE.

Source : Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of India.

BANKING:

The total number of branches of Scheduled Commercial Banks in NER was 2252

as on March 31, 2009. The figure was 2156 as on March 31st, 2008.

Number of Scheduled Commercial Banks and their Offices, Deposits & Credits of

Scheduled Commercial Banks in NER, upto 31st March:

YearNo. of SCBs /

Brunches

Deposit (Rs. in

Crores)

Credit (Rs. in

Crores)

2003 1915 21606 5692

2004 1920 24768 7315

2005 1952 28958 10010

2006 2027 34334 13585

2007 2076 41880 17162

2008 2156 50583 20716
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2009 2252 65599 23764

Source: Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

Deposits and Credit of Scheduled Commercial Banks According to State,

March 2009:

(Amount in Rupees Lakh)

State No. of OfficesDeposit (Rs. in

Lakh)

Credit (Rs. in

Lakh)

Credit-Deposit

Ratio (%)

Arunachal Pradesh 77 357493 91207 24.8

Assam 1421 3926605 1512277 38.3

Manipur 81 252347 90914 38.7

Meghalaya 205 620465 175331 27.6

Mizoram 94 177063 102471 58.7

Nagaland 85 344298 106052 30.7

Tripura 218 629395 193276 29.8

Sikkim 71 252235 104904 42.4

Source: Reserve Bank of India (As on 20th Aug. 2010)

POWER SECTOR:

State/Mode-wise Generation (Thermal/Nuclear and Hydro) Installed Capacity of Power

Utilities in NER (As on 31.03.2010):

(In MW)

States Mode-wise Breakup

Thermal Nuclear Hydro RES Total
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(Renewable)(MNRE)Coal Gas Diesel Total

Arunachal

Pradesh

0.00 0.00 15.88 15.88 0.00 0.00 67.42 83.30

Assam 60.00 239.00 20.69 319.69 0.00 100.00 27.11 446.80

Manipur 0.00 0.00 45.41 45.41 0.00 0.00 5.45 50.86

Meghalaya 0.00 0.00 2.05 2.05 0.00 156.00 31.03 189.08

Mizoram 0.00 0.00 51.86 51.86 0.00 0.00 28.47 80.33

Nagaland 0.00 0.00 2.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 28.67 30.67

Sikkim 0.00 0.00 5.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 47.11 52.11

Tripura 0.00 127.50 4.85 132.35 0.00 0.00 16.01 148.36

Source : Ministry of Power, Govt. of India.

State-wise Number of Towns and Villages Electrified in NER, (As on 31.03.2007 and

31.03.2008) :

States

(31.03.2007) (31.03.2008)

Towns Villages Towns Villages

Tota

l

Electrifie

dTotal

Electrified

(Provisional

)

Tota

l

Electrifie

dTotal

Electrified

(Provisional

)

% age

Electrifie

d

Arunachal

Pradesh17 17 3863 2195 17 17 3863 2195 56.8

Assam 125 1252512

419741 125 125

2512

419741 78.6

Manipur 33 33 2315 1942 33 33 2315 1966 84.9

Meghalay

a16 16 5782 3428 16 16 5782 3428 59.3

Mizoram 22 22 707 570 22 22 707 570 80.6

Nagaland 9 9 1278 823 9 9 1278 823 64.4

Sikkim 9 9 450 425 9 9 450 425 94.4


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Tripura 23 23 858 491 23 23 858 491 57.2

Source : Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, Govt. of India.

north east india general

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