North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• New military role for United States?

• Russia: Friend or Foe?• Absorb Warsaw Pact?• European’s own defense?

Economic reforms needed1. Price reform.2. Financial reform:

a) fiscal policy.b) monetary control.

3. Privatization.4. Trade reform.5. Build new institutions.6. Changes in attitudes:

• work ethic, profit motive.

Eastern Europe Countries facing the Baltic:

– Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Kaliningrad, Belarus?

Landlocked Center:– Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary

Countries facing the Black Sea:– Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova

Countries facing the Adriatic Sea:– Albania, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia,

Montenegro, Macedonia

Countries facing the Baltic Sea

• Latvia: pop. 2.5 million 1/3 rd

Russian land area: 24,000 mi2 required Russians to

become Latvian citizens products: refrigerators,

TVs, railroad cars• Lithuania: pop. 3.7 million 80%

Lithuanian/RC land area: 25,000 mi2 Vilnius inland, little

coastline access thru Lithuania to

Kaliningrad

Countries facing the Black Sea

• Ukraine:• population 50 million, 22% Russian• largest population in Eastern Europe• land area: 223,700 mi2

• (Texas = 267,000 mi2: France = 212,000 mi2 )• largest territory in the European Realm!• Donets Basin (Donbas) iron ore and coal• dependent on energy imports Chernobyl 1986• boundary changes:

Crimean Peninsula 1954 cultural / economic divide Dnieper River

Moldova34,000 mi23.5 million

• PCRM: 1998, 2001, 2005

TransdnestrFrozen Conflict:de jure vs de facto1,607 mi2537,000 pop.