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North and South U.S. History Chapter 14

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North and South. U.S. History Chapter 14. New Inventions. A steam-powered locomotive engine pulling rail cars transformed railroads into practical transportation Two sets of tracks were laid; one in each direction. New Inventions. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: North and South

North and South

U.S. History

Chapter 14

Page 2: North and South

New Inventions

A steam-powered locomotive engine pulling rail cars transformed railroads into practical transportation

Two sets of tracks were laid; one in each direction

Page 3: North and South

New Inventions

Railroads threatened workers who moved freight by wagon and those who invested in canals

Competition from railroads might cause them to lose investments

Page 4: North and South

New Inventions

Speed was key to successful trade at sea

Clipper ships broke every speed record; helped the US gain a large share of the world’s sea trade

Page 5: North and South

Northern Economy Expands

Factories began to use steam power and could be built almost anywhere

Water-powered factories needed to be built along banks of swiftly-flowing rivers

Page 6: North and South

Factory Conditions Become Worse

Laborers worked longer hours for lower wages

Workers often lived in dark, dingy houses by the factory

Entire families were hired to work in factories

Page 7: North and South

Workers Join Together

Artisans, or skilled workers, won better pay because of their skills

Trade Unions organized workers to work for improvements in working conditions

Page 8: North and South

Workers Join Together

Organized factory workers won the right to strike in 1842

Strike: refusal to work as a protest against specific conditions

Page 9: North and South

New Wave of Immigrants

Irish and German immigrants increased in 1840

“Nativist” was a group that wanted laws to limit immigration

Know-Nothing Party: hostile to immigrants

Page 10: North and South

African Americans

Discrimination: policy or an attitude that denies equal rights to certain groups of people

African Americans faced harsh discrimination in the South

States limited the rights of free African Americans

Page 11: North and South

African Americans

Even skilled African Americans had difficulty finding jobs in the North

School was seen as the best way to achieve success in a job

Page 12: North and South

Cotton Kingdom

1793: Whitney’s cotton gin had enormous effect on southern economy

Profits increased; more cotton cleaned in same amount of time with the gin

Plantations extended as far west as Texas

Page 13: North and South

Agricultural Economy

The South’s economy was based on agriculture; climate ideal for raising major cash crops and livestock

Planters wanted to invest in more land and more slaves

Page 14: North and South

Limited Industry in South

Agricultural tools were manufactured, but most manufactured goods were purchased from the North

Slaves had no money to buy anything; lowered demand for manufactured goods

Page 15: North and South

Economic Dependence

Southern planters borrowed money from northern banks to expand plantations

Cotton was “king”

Page 16: North and South

White Southerners

“Cottonocracy”: very few but very wealthy families who made huge amounts of money from cotton

Page 17: North and South

White Southerners

Small Farmers: “plain folk” who owned the land they farmed; worked along with any slaves; 75% of white population

Poor Whites: lowest on social ladder; rented land they farmed

Page 18: North and South

Life Without Freedom

Slave Codes: kept slaves from either running away or rebelling

Crime for slaves to know how to read or write

Page 19: North and South

Resistance Against Slavery

Slaves resisted by breaking tools, destroying crops, trying to escape to the North

Nat Turner led a major slave revolt; revolts were rare and had no chance of success

Page 20: North and South

Coping with Slavery

Religion offered hope

Preserved African traditions

Protected from mistreatment by owner's need to keep them healthy and productive

Page 21: North and South

Review Questions

What made it possible for southern planters to boost their profits after 1793?

A. Planters started raising livestock B. Workers planted less cotton and more rice

and sugar cane C. Workers cleaned more cotton in the same

amount of time with a gin.

Page 22: North and South

Review Questions

What made it possible for southern planters to boost their profits after 1793?

C. Workers cleaned more cotton in the same amount of time with a gin.

Page 23: North and South

Review Questions

This group wanted laws to limit immigration A. Nativist B. Trade Union C. Artisan

Page 24: North and South

Review Questions

This group wanted laws to limit immigration

A. Nativist

Page 25: North and South

Review Questions

Refusal to work as a protest against specific conditions

A. Trade Union B. Strike C. Famine

Page 26: North and South

Review Questions

Refusal to work as a protest against specific conditions

A. Trade Union B. Strike C. Famine

Page 27: North and South

Review Questions

Skilled Worker A. Nativist B. Artisan C. Unionist

Page 28: North and South

Review Questions

Skilled Worker A. Nativist B. Artisan C. Unionist

Page 29: North and South

Review Questions

An agricultural economy developed in the South because

A. the land and climate were ideal for cotton, rice and livestock

B. Southerners wanted to live on estates like European royalty did

C. Other US climates were not as well suited for agriculture

Page 30: North and South

Review Questions

An agricultural economy developed in the South because

A. the land and climate were ideal for cotton, rice and livestock

Page 31: North and South

Review Questions

What was true about the earliest American railroads?

A. They initially moved slower than canal transportation did

B. They were often built with a separate track for each direction

C. They threw off sparks that sometimes set buildings on fire

Page 32: North and South

Review Questions

What was true about the earliest American railroads?

C. They sometimes threw off sparks that set building on fire.

Page 33: North and South

Review Questions

Which statement BEST illustrates the South’s dependence on the North?

A. Northerners bought manufactured goods from southern factories

B. Southerners relied on northern factory models

C. Southern planters borrowed money from northern banks to buy farm tools

Page 34: North and South

Review Questions

Which statement BEST illustrates the South’s dependence on the North?

C. Southern planters borrowed money from northern banks to buy farm tools

Page 35: North and South

Review Questions

Which of the following statements does NOT describe factory conditions in the 1840s?

A. Laborers worked longer hours for lower wages

B. Workers lived in well-built factory housing C. Factory owners hired entire families

Page 36: North and South

Review Questions

Which of the following statements does NOT describe factory conditions in the 1840s?

A. Laborers worked longer hours for lower wages

B. Workers lived in well-built factory housing C. Factory owners hired entire families

Page 37: North and South

Review Questions

Which statement does NOT describe most small farmers in the South?

A. They rented the land they worked B. They worked alongside their slaves in the

fields C. They owned one or two slaves

Page 38: North and South

Review Questions

Which statement does NOT describe most small farmers in the South?

A. They rented the land they worked B. They worked alongside their slaves in the

fields C. They owned one or two slaves

Page 39: North and South

Review Questions

What is one way that steam-powered machinery changed manufacturing?

A. Machines produced more goods at a higher cost

B. Factories could be built almost anywhere C. Machines were more expensive to run

Page 40: North and South

Review Questions

What is one way that steam-powered machinery changed manufacturing?

B. Factories could be built almost anywhere

Page 41: North and South

Review Questions

What is an organization of workers? A. Artisan B. Famine C. Trade Union

Page 42: North and South

Review Questions

What is an organization of workers? A. Artisan B. Famine C. Trade Union

Page 43: North and South

Review Questions

By 1860, free African Americans in the South A. made up one-third of the South’s

population B. faced harsh discrimination C. had the same rights as poor whites

Page 44: North and South

Review Questions

By 1860, free African Americans in the South

B. faced harsh discrimination

Page 45: North and South

Review Questions

Clipper ships helped the United States A. ship more cargo than British steamships

carried B. develop industry in the South C. gain a large share of the world’s sea trade

Page 46: North and South

Review Questions

Clipper ships helped the United States

C. gain a large share of the world’s sea trade

Page 47: North and South

Review Questions

All of the following were methods that African Americans used to resist slavery EXCEPT

A. breaking tools and destroying crops B. trying to escape to the North C. becoming skilled artisans

Page 48: North and South

Review Questions

All of the following were methods that African Americans used to resist slavery EXCEPT

A. breaking tools and destroying crops B. trying to escape to the North C. becoming skilled artisans

Page 49: North and South

Review Questions

Who would have said that the railroad competition would cause them to lose money?

A. factory owners B. canal investors C. telegraph investors

Page 50: North and South

Review Questions

Who would have said that the railroad competition would cause them to lose money?

A. factory owners B. canal investors C. telegraph investors

Page 51: North and South

Review Questions

What was the primary purpose of the slave codes?

A. to prevent slaves from running away B. to guarantee good working conditions for

slaves C. to prevent slaves from practicing their

religion

Page 52: North and South

Review Questions

What was the primary purpose of the slave codes?

A. to prevent slaves from running away

Page 53: North and South

Review Questions

Which list classifies groups of white southerners beginning with the wealthiest?

A. the Cottonocracy, small farmers, poor whites

B. the Cottonocracy, poor whites, small farmers

C. small farmers, the Cottonocracy, poor whites

Page 54: North and South

Review Questions

Which list classifies groups of white southerners beginning with the wealthiest?

A. the Cottonocracy, small farmers, poor whites

Page 55: North and South

Review Questions

What did factory workers hope to achieve by forming trade unions?

A. an end to the factory system B. cooperation with factory owners C. improvements in working conditions

Page 56: North and South

Review Questions

What did factory workers hope to achieve by forming trade unions?

A. an end to the factory system B. cooperation with factory owners C. improvements in working conditions

Page 57: North and South

Review Questions

What victory did organized factory workers gain in 1842?

A. right to strike B. training programs C. eight-hour workday

Page 58: North and South

Review Questions

What victory did organized factory workers gain in 1842?

A. right to strike B. training programs C. eight-hour workday

Page 59: North and South

Review Questions

Which of the following was NOT a result of the invention of the cotton gin?

A. Cotton profits increased enormously B. Cotton plantations extended as far west as

Texas C. Cotton growers used profits to build more

textile mills

Page 60: North and South

Review Questions

Which of the following was NOT a result of the invention of the cotton gin?

A. Cotton profits increased enormously B. Cotton plantations extended as far west as

Texas C. Cotton growers used profits to build more

textile mills

Page 61: North and South

Review Questions

Which worker would have been MOST likely to object to the new railroads?

A. wagon driver B. farm worker C. telegraph operator

Page 62: North and South

Review Questions

Which worker would have been MOST likely to object to the new railroads?

A. wagon driver

Page 63: North and South

Review Questions

Nat Turner resisted slavery by A. writing antislavery literature B. leading a major slave revolt C. escaping to the North

Page 64: North and South

Review Questions

Nat Turner resisted slavery by

B. leading a major slave revolt

Page 65: North and South

Review Questions

Which group made up about 75% of the white population in the South?

A. Small Farmers B. Wealthy Planters C. Poor Whites

Page 66: North and South

Review Questions

Which group made up about 75% of the white population in the South?

A. Small Farmers B. Wealthy Planters C. Poor Whites

Page 67: North and South

Review Questions

What products did southerners buy largely from the North?

A. manufactured goods B. cotton C. lumber

Page 68: North and South

Review Questions

What products did southerners buy largely from the North?

A. manufactured goods

Page 69: North and South

Review Questions

How did the practice of slavery hurt the development of southern industry?

A. Planters feared that factory jobs would encourage slave revolts

B. Slaves were unwilling to operate factory machinery

C. Slaves had no money to buy manufactured goods.

Page 70: North and South

Review Questions

How did the practice of slavery hurt the development of southern industry?

C. Slaves had no money to buy manufactured goods

Page 71: North and South

Review Questions

Which of the following was overall the BEST protection for enslaved African Americans against mistreatment?

A. Owner’s needs to keep the slaves healthy and productive

B. Federal laws C. Slave revolts

Page 72: North and South

Review Questions

Which of the following was overall the BEST protection for enslaved African Americans against mistreatment?

A. Owner’s needs to keep the slaves healthy and productive

B. Federal laws C. Slave revolts

Page 73: North and South

Review Questions

Which statement describes the experiences of free African Americans in the South?

A. States limited their rights B. Slave owners forced them to move to other

states C. They lived far from the cities

Page 74: North and South

Review Questions

Which statement describes the experiences of free African Americans in the South?

A. States limited their rights B. Slave owners forced them to move to other

states C. They lived far from the cities

Page 75: North and South

Good Luck on Your Test!