north africa and the middle east

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North Africa North Africa and and The Middle The Middle East East

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North Africa and The Middle East. North Africa. Morocco Algeria Tunisia Libya Western Sahara Egypt. Turkey Syria Iraq Saudi Arabia Yemen Jordan Lebanon Israel. Cyprus Iran Afghanistan Oman Qatar Bahrain Kuwait UAE. Southwest Asia/ The Middle East. Central Asia. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: North Africa  and  The Middle East

North Africa North Africa and and

The Middle The Middle EastEast

Page 2: North Africa  and  The Middle East

North AfricaNorth AfricaMoroccoMoroccoAlgeriaAlgeriaTunisiaTunisiaLibyaLibyaWestern SaharaWestern SaharaEgyptEgypt

Page 3: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Southwest Asia/ The Middle Southwest Asia/ The Middle EastEast

TurkeyTurkey SyriaSyria IraqIraq Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia YemenYemen JordanJordan LebanonLebanon IsraelIsrael

CyprusCyprus IranIran AfghanistanAfghanistan OmanOman QatarQatar BahrainBahrain KuwaitKuwait UAEUAE

Page 4: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Central AsiaCentral AsiaKazakhstanKazakhstanUzbekistanUzbekistan

TurkmenistanTurkmenistanTajikistanTajikistan

KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan“stan”means “land of”

Page 5: North Africa  and  The Middle East
Page 6: North Africa  and  The Middle East

The Sahara Desert is a natural The Sahara Desert is a natural boundaryboundary

Extends across North AfricaExtends across North AfricaCovers ~3.5 million square Covers ~3.5 million square miles of landmiles of land

Little vegetations/ wind Little vegetations/ wind erosion commonerosion common

~130 degree- 0 degree ~130 degree- 0 degree temperaturestemperatures

Page 7: North Africa  and  The Middle East
Page 8: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Found in the SaharaFound in the Sahara OasisOasis- an isolated area of vegetation- an isolated area of vegetation ErgErg- windswept sand - windswept sand Reg-Reg- gravel covered plain gravel covered plain DepressionDepression- low land- low land WadisWadis- dry stream bed which fills - dry stream bed which fills

with water during the rainy seasonwith water during the rainy season

Page 9: North Africa  and  The Middle East
Page 10: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Erg Reg

Wadi

Page 11: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Negev and Syrian Negev and Syrian DesertsDeserts

Syrian Desert covers Syrian Desert covers portions of Syria, Iraq, portions of Syria, Iraq, Jordan, and Saudi ArabiaJordan, and Saudi Arabia

Negev Desert is located in Negev Desert is located in Southern IsraelSouthern Israel

Page 12: North Africa  and  The Middle East
Page 13: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Atlas Atlas MountaiMountai

nsns Located in Morocco, Algeria & TunisiaLocated in Morocco, Algeria & Tunisia 1500 miles long1500 miles long Separate the Atlantic & Mediterranean Separate the Atlantic & Mediterranean

coastlines from the Sahara Desertcoastlines from the Sahara Desert Inhabited by the Berbers (Inhabited by the Berbers (Indigenous peopleIndigenous people))

Page 14: North Africa  and  The Middle East
Page 15: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Zagros MountainsZagros MountainsLargest mountain range in Largest mountain range in

Iran and IraqIran and Iraq

Page 16: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Elburz MountainsElburz Mountains Located in Located in

IranIran

Tallest Tallest mountain mountain in the in the Middle Middle EastEast

Page 17: North Africa  and  The Middle East
Page 18: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Arabian PeninsulaArabian Peninsula Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen,

Bahrain, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Israel, Bahrain, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Syria, SW IraqPalestine, Jordan, Syria, SW Iraq

Surrounded by Red Sea, Gulf of Surrounded by Red Sea, Gulf of Oman, Gulf of Aden, Mediterranean Oman, Gulf of Aden, Mediterranean Sea & Persian GulfSea & Persian Gulf

Contains the worlds largest oil Contains the worlds largest oil reservesreserves

Page 19: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Tectonic plate movement has created many gulfs and seas

Page 20: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Sinai PeninsulaSinai Peninsula

Located in EgyptLocated in Egypt Lies between the Lies between the

Mediterranean Mediterranean Sea to the North Sea to the North and the Red Sea and the Red Sea to the Southto the South

Joins Africa to Joins Africa to AsiaAsia

Page 21: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Persian GulfPersian GulfLocated Located between Iran between Iran and the Arabian and the Arabian PeninsulaPeninsula

Worlds largest Worlds largest source of oilsource of oil

Page 22: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Nile River- “Great Nile River- “Great River”River”

Longest river in Longest river in world 4,160 miles world 4,160 miles longlong

Flows North to the Flows North to the Mediterranean Mediterranean SeaSea

Two major Two major tributaries: White tributaries: White Nile and Blue NileNile and Blue Nile

Page 23: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Nile River Delta at the Mediterranean Sea

Page 24: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Nile River

Page 25: North Africa  and  The Middle East

The Fertile Crescent

Page 26: North Africa  and  The Middle East

The Fertile CrescentThe Fertile CrescentTigris and Euphrates RiversTigris and Euphrates RiversHistorically referred to as Historically referred to as

“Mesopotamia” or the “Cradle of “Mesopotamia” or the “Cradle of Civilization”Civilization”

Located in IraqLocated in IraqHeadwater is the Taurus Headwater is the Taurus

Mountains Mountains Mouth is the Persian GulfMouth is the Persian Gulf

Page 27: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Dead Dead Sea-”Sea Sea-”Sea of Salt”of Salt”

Salt lake borders Salt lake borders Jordan & IsraelJordan & Israel

Shoreline- lowest Shoreline- lowest elevation on earth elevation on earth 1385 ft bsl1385 ft bsl

38% salt therefore 38% salt therefore animals cannot flourishanimals cannot flourish

Page 28: North Africa  and  The Middle East
Page 29: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Aral Sea- “Sea of Aral Sea- “Sea of Islands”Islands”

Located in Central Asia Located in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan)(Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan)

Formerly the 4Formerly the 4thth largest lake in largest lake in worldworld

10% remains (Russian irrigation, 10% remains (Russian irrigation, drought, and industrial pollution)drought, and industrial pollution)

““One of the planet’s worst One of the planet’s worst environmental disasters”environmental disasters”

Page 30: North Africa  and  The Middle East
Page 31: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Caspian SeaCaspian SeaLargest lake or inland body of Largest lake or inland body of water on Earth water on Earth

Landlocked by Azerbaijan, Landlocked by Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, TurkmenistanTurkmenistan

Freshwater in the North and Freshwater in the North and more saline in the southmore saline in the south

Page 32: North Africa  and  The Middle East
Page 33: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Red SeaRed Sea Located between Located between

Africa and AsiaAfrica and Asia Becoming wider Becoming wider

as the Arabian as the Arabian and African and African plates spreadplates spread

18 desalinization 18 desalinization plants along the plants along the seasea Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia

Page 34: North Africa  and  The Middle East

ClimateClimateArid Climate dominates Arid Climate dominates

regionregionMediterranean Climate Mediterranean Climate

along the coastalong the coastSemi-Arid Climate between Semi-Arid Climate between

the Sahara and the Coastthe Sahara and the Coast

Page 35: North Africa  and  The Middle East

The most valuable The most valuable resource resource on Earth on Earth

(especially NA/ ME)(especially NA/ ME)

Water!!!!Water!!!!

Page 36: North Africa  and  The Middle East
Page 37: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Demographics of SW Demographics of SW AsiaAsia

Birth Rate = 27/1000Birth Rate = 27/1000 Death Rate = 6/1000Death Rate = 6/1000 Rate of Increase = 2.0%Rate of Increase = 2.0% Infant Mortality Rate = 48/1000Infant Mortality Rate = 48/1000 Fertility Rate = 3.7 Fertility Rate = 3.7 Life Expectancy = 68Life Expectancy = 68 % Urban = 63% Urban = 63 Pop. Density = 114 people per Pop. Density = 114 people per

square milesquare mile

Page 38: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Egypt – 79 million people

Bahrain- 807,000 people

Page 39: North Africa  and  The Middle East
Page 40: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Oil ConsumptionOil Consumption The U.S. consumes about 146 billion The U.S. consumes about 146 billion

gallons (about 550 billion liters) of gallons (about 550 billion liters) of gasoline each year gasoline each year

The U.S. The U.S. Strategic Petroleum Strategic Petroleum ReserveReserve currently stores about 570 currently stores about 570 million barrels of oil in underground million barrels of oil in underground salt caverns along the Gulf of Mexico. If salt caverns along the Gulf of Mexico. If all imports were cut off this would leave all imports were cut off this would leave the US with a 60 day supply of oil.the US with a 60 day supply of oil.

Page 41: North Africa  and  The Middle East
Page 42: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Thanks America!!!!United States $41,560

Page 43: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries

Page 44: North Africa  and  The Middle East

OPECOPEC One of the most powerful cartels in the world. One of the most powerful cartels in the world.

Collectively it has about three quarters of the Collectively it has about three quarters of the worlds discovered and recognized oil reserves.worlds discovered and recognized oil reserves.

Headquarters are in Vienna, AustriaHeadquarters are in Vienna, Austria

These countries control the price of oil by These countries control the price of oil by how much they produce each day. Of all how much they produce each day. Of all internationally traded oil OPEC produces 58% internationally traded oil OPEC produces 58% of it.of it.

How many gallons are in 1 barrel of oil? 42 How many gallons are in 1 barrel of oil? 42 gallonsgallons

Page 45: North Africa  and  The Middle East

OPEC member OPEC member nationsnations

Page 46: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Top 5 Oil Producing Top 5 Oil Producing Countries in NAMECountries in NAME

Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia: 11,150,00011,150,000 Barrels/dayBarrels/day

Iran: Iran: 4,231,000 Barrels/day4,231,000 Barrels/day Iraq: Iraq: 3,400,000 Barrels/day3,400,000 Barrels/day UAE: UAE: 3,087,000 Barrels/day3,087,000 Barrels/day Kuwait: Kuwait: 2,682,000 Barrels/day2,682,000 Barrels/day (United States(United States 9,023,000 9,023,000

Barrels/day)Barrels/day)

Page 47: North Africa  and  The Middle East
Page 48: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Islam Christianity Judaism

Page 49: North Africa  and  The Middle East

ReligionReligion IslamIslam ChristianityChristianity JudaismJudaism

Holy BookHoly Book Qur’anQur’an BibleBible TorahTorah

Place of Place of worshipworship

MosqueMosque ChurchChurch SynagogueSynagogue

SymbolSymbol Star & crescent Star & crescent moonmoon

CrossCross Star of DavidStar of David

Deity or GodDeity or God AllahAllah YahwehYahweh YahwehYahweh

Founder or Founder or prophetprophet

MohammadMohammad JesusJesus Moses or Moses or AbrahamAbraham

Holy cityHoly city Mecca, Medina, Mecca, Medina, JerusalemJerusalem

JerusalemJerusalem JerusalemJerusalem

HolidaysHolidays RamadanRamadan

HajjHajjChristmasChristmas

EasterEasterYom KippurYom Kippur

Rosh HashanahRosh Hashanah

HanukahHanukah

PassoverPassover

Important Important DatesDates

622- 622- Mohammad Mohammad founded Islamfounded Islam

732-732- Islam spread to Islam spread to EuropeEurope

313-313- Emperor made Emperor made Christianity state Christianity state religionreligion

1054-1054- Roman Roman Catholic & Orthodox Catholic & Orthodox church splitchurch split

1096-1270-1096-1270- Crusades Islam Crusades Islam conquered Jerusalemconquered Jerusalem

1517-1517- Martin Luther Martin Luther demands changedemands change

7070 Roman army Roman army enslaves the Jew in enslaves the Jew in JerusalemJerusalem

1948-1948- Israel- Arab Israel- Arab wars; most Jews fled wars; most Jews fled to Europeto Europe

Page 50: North Africa  and  The Middle East

ReligionReligion IslamIslam ChristianityChristianity JudaismJudaism

““Called”Called” MuslimsMuslims ChristiansChristians JewsJews

# of # of WorshipersWorshipers

1.3 billion1.3 billion 2 billion2 billion 14 million14 million

World RankWorld Rank 22ndnd Largest Largest LargestLargest 1212thth largest largest

ConcentrationConcentrationss

Middle East, Middle East, Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia

Europe, North Europe, North and South and South America, Rapid America, Rapid growth in Africagrowth in Africa

Israel, Europe. Israel, Europe. USAUSA

Main day of Main day of worshipworship

FridayFriday SundaySunday SaturdaySaturday

Date foundedDate founded 622 CE622 CE 33 CE33 CE UnknownUnknown

Type of Type of TheismTheism

MonotheismMonotheism MonotheismMonotheism MonotheismMonotheism

Page 51: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Arabic is the most widely spoken language

Farsi is the 2nd most spoken language

Turkish is the 3rd most spoken language

English is a common 2nd language in most countries

Page 52: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Ethnic DiversityEthnic DiversityAssyriansAssyrians are a distinct ethnic group are a distinct ethnic group whose origins lie in ancient whose origins lie in ancient Mesopotamia. They are Semitic, who Mesopotamia. They are Semitic, who speak and write dialects of Eastern speak and write dialects of Eastern Aramaic (about 4 million).Aramaic (about 4 million).

Arab peopleArab people, are an ethnic group , are an ethnic group located in Western Asia and North located in Western Asia and North Africa. As a single ethnic group, they Africa. As a single ethnic group, they constitute one of the world's largest constitute one of the world's largest after Han Chinese (approx. 300 after Han Chinese (approx. 300 million).million).

Page 53: North Africa  and  The Middle East

EgyptianEgyptian identity is closely tied to identity is closely tied to geography. The population of Egypt is geography. The population of Egypt is concentrated in the lower Nile valley, and concentrated in the lower Nile valley, and they speak a dialect of Arabic (91 million).they speak a dialect of Arabic (91 million).

The The GeorgiansGeorgians are a Caucasian ethnic are a Caucasian ethnic group that are indigenous to Georgia, where group that are indigenous to Georgia, where they constitute a majority of the population. they constitute a majority of the population. The majority of Georgians are Eastern The majority of Georgians are Eastern Orthodox Christian (about 6 million).Orthodox Christian (about 6 million).

The The JewsJews are a nation and an ethnoreligious are a nation and an ethnoreligious group, originating in the Israelites or group, originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation (14 traditional faith of the Jewish nation (14 million). million).

Page 54: North Africa  and  The Middle East

The The Kurdish people Kurdish people are related to the are related to the people of Iran, mostly inhabiting a region people of Iran, mostly inhabiting a region known as Kurdistan, which includes parts known as Kurdistan, which includes parts of Turkey, Syria, Iran, and Iraq. They speak of Turkey, Syria, Iran, and Iraq. They speak the Kurdish. The Kurds number about 38 the Kurdish. The Kurds number about 38 million, the majority living in Southwest million, the majority living in Southwest Asia, with significant communities in Asia, with significant communities in western Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Israel, western Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Israel, Azerbaijan, Russia, and Lebanon. Azerbaijan, Russia, and Lebanon.

LursLurs are an Iranian peoples living mainly are an Iranian peoples living mainly in south-western Iran. Their population is in south-western Iran. Their population is estimated at around 5 million. The Lur estimated at around 5 million. The Lur people mostly speak Luri, a Southwestern people mostly speak Luri, a Southwestern Iranian language related to Persian. Iranian language related to Persian.

Page 55: North Africa  and  The Middle East

Persians Persians are an Iranian people who speak are an Iranian people who speak the modern Persian language and similar the modern Persian language and similar Iranian dialects and languages. Besides Iranian dialects and languages. Besides modern Iran ethnic Persians are also found modern Iran ethnic Persians are also found in Central Asia (Afghanistan, Tajikistan, in Central Asia (Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan) where they are usually called Uzbekistan) where they are usually called Tajiks and Farsiwans, as well as in Tajiks and Farsiwans, as well as in southern Iraq (about 81 million).southern Iraq (about 81 million).

The The TurkmensTurkmens are a Turkic people located are a Turkic people located primarily in the Central Asian states of primarily in the Central Asian states of Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, northeastern Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, northeastern Iran, Syria, Iraq and North Caucasus. They Iran, Syria, Iraq and North Caucasus. They speak the Turkmen (about 8 million). speak the Turkmen (about 8 million).