Minds & Societies 1

N-Recognition Module

Input

E

(Candidate N-b el)

N-bel

N-Board

LTM

B, R, A

> vc

D, V < v c

WM

Vc=N-threshold

Minds & Societies 2

A simulation study

Minds & Societies 3

Norm-recognizers Vs Social conformers

What are observable effects of norm recognition?

Implement different populations (Andrighetto et al., 2008a, Campennì et al., 2008b): Social conformers: follow actions most

frequently done in observation window (parameter)

Norm recognizers take input from others, form beliefs and act based on those.

Minds & Societies 4

Agent and

world4 contexts: following its agenda

and time of permanence, each agent moves among contexts;

in each context, agents can produce 1 out of 3 actions;

1 action is the same for all of the contexts;

C1

(A1, A2, A3)

C2

(A1, A4, A5)

C3

(A1, A6, A7)

C4

(A1, A8, A9)

AGENDA

(C1,C2,C4,C3)Time-of-Perm

(nTicks/n)

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Norm recognizer

Each is provided with: Normative Board Double-layer

architecture Agenda: individual

time of permanence (in contexts).

New normative beliefs contribute to choose action

if normative board is empty, action is randomly chosen.

N-Board:

N-B1

N-B2

.......

level-2

(D & N-V)level-1

(A, R, B)

AGENDA

(C1,C4,C2,C3)

Time-of-Perm

(t)

N-Threshold (vc)

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Social conformer Each observes

other agents in same context

According to conformity rate, imitates most frequent action

Conformity rate = 9

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Simulations' results

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Preliminary Findings Social conformers (above):

Each colour represents one action No difference within ticks Strong difference

• Among ticks (no belief)• Among scenarios (no memory)• More frequent action (dark blue) is

distributed throughout the simulation: nothing emerges!

Norm recognizers (below): Fuzzier

• Rows (autonomy)• Columns (beliefs)

After 60th tick, one action common to all scenarios: something emerges…

What is it? Lets look into agents beliefs…

Social conformers

Norm recognizers

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Immergence

At the 30th tick a normative belief starts to spread

What has happened in the in the interval?

Other normative beliefs got formed, although earlier is more frequent

Immergence is earlier: it takes time for effect to emerge

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SCs Vs NRs

Low Conf. Rate 3 Medium CR High CR

Medium NTLo N-Threshold Hi NT

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Latency of norms

Time interval between N-bels appearance and convergence on corresponding action.

Actually, a complex loop from N-Belx to N-actionx

from N-actionx to N-bely from N-bely to N-actiony

Etc. Can help predict effect of new policies Immergence 2nd-order emergence:

not a reflected upon emergent phenomenon but involved in emergence!

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Follow-up questions Only common

actions? What happens with

physical barriers and/or (cultural) drifts ?

Equally frequent norms might emerge in different sub-populations: norm innovation?

QuickTime e unﾪdecompressore TIFF (Non compresso)

sono necessari per visualizzare quest'immagine.

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Let us simulate a barrier

At a given tick, agents get stuck to current locations, they can no longer move across settings.

Yes barrier

No barrier

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Normative Beliefs

No barrier Yes barrier

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But in 300 ticks…

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Final remarks In a multi-scenario world, unlike social

conformers, norm recognizers converge. Norms immerge in the minds before

emerging in behavior. A normative belief corresponds not

necessarily to the most frequent action. Barriers are sufficient (not necessary)

for norm-innovation. Norms have a latency time.

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For the future If agents get re-united, which norm is going to

invade population? What about inertia (i.e. the time for a norm to

disappear)? During inertia, norms may compete in the same population...

Internalization and semi-automatic conformity Questions for future studies :-)

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Why bother? Policy-making and what if analysis ICT systems:

Artificial normative reasoning Electronic institutions Applications of agent systems

Computational and simulation-based modelling for (social/cognitive) theory-building and testing.

Thank you