normal merensky reef in proximity to the regional pothole

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Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole Sub-Facies of the Zwartklip Facies, Upper Critical Zone, Western Bushveld Complex D. S. Smith Geology Department, Northam Platinum Mine I. J. Basson * and D. L. Reid Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town (* Presenting) GEOLOGY

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Page 1: Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole

Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole Sub-Facies of the Zwartklip Facies, Upper

Critical Zone, Western Bushveld Complex

D. S. SmithGeology Department, Northam Platinum Mine

I. J. Basson * and D. L. ReidDepartment of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town

(* Presenting)

GEOLOGY

Page 2: Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole

Modified after Viljoen (1994), Eales and Cawthorn (1996), Viring and Cowell (1999)

GEOLOGY

Page 3: Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole

Modified after Viring and Cowell (1999)GEOLOGY

Page 4: Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole

GEOLOGY

Planar MCU Bottom Chromitite(“4A/Upper Chromitite”)

(Cryptic lamination in upper 20 cmof Inter-Chromitite pegmatoid)

Heterogeneous, medium-grained/pegmatoidal harzburgite

More homogeneous, medium-grained/pegmatoidal harzburgite

Undulating granular orthocumulate chromitite (“4X/Lower Chromitite”)

Mottled anorthosite

Typical section and PGE g profile through Normal Merensky Reef (note that the Inter-Chromitite harzburgite and dunite are not developed in this example)

140 cm

MCU poikilitic pyroxenite

(coarse, clustered sulphides)

Page 5: Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole

Compiled from 1:1000 and 1:200 Scale Geological Maps

GEOLOGY

Page 6: Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole

Compiled from underground observations by Geology and Sampling Departments

GEOLOGY

Page 7: Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole

Oasis Montaj Plots of data obtained by Geology and Sampling Departments

GEOLOGY

Page 8: Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole

Oasis Montaj Plots of data obtained by Geology and Sampling Departments

GEOLOGY

Page 9: Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole

Oasis Montaj Plots of data obtained by Geology and Sampling Departments

GEOLOGY

Page 10: Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole

Oasis Montaj Plots of data obtained by Geology and Sampling Departments

GEOLOGY

Page 11: Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole

Data obtained by Geology and Sampling Departments

N=1889GEOLOGY

Page 12: Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole

Data obtained by Geology and Sampling Departments

N=1889GEOLOGY

Page 13: Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole

Data obtained by Geology and Sampling Departments

N=1889GEOLOGY

Page 14: Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole

Data obtained by Geology and Sampling Departments

N=1889GEOLOGY

Page 15: Normal Merensky Reef in Proximity to the Regional Pothole

GEOLOGY

Conclusions- Systematic changes in reef morphology/lithologies are evident in the 320 cm to 0 cm reef

thickness interval; these include the loss of the medium-grained pegmatoidal orthopyroxenitein the 300-160 cm thickness interval

- Relatively dramatic changes in reef morphology, PGE g and Grade occur belowInter-Chromitite reef thickness of 160 cm, possibly corresponding to the thermomechanical“breaching” of a relatively impermeable dunite layer

- Total Normal Reef PGE g and Grade correlate strongly with PGE g/Grade of the Inter-Chromitite Pegmatoid

- 4X and Inter-Chromitite Pegmatoid PGE g display lognormal relationships to Reef Thickness

- PGE g and Grade display an inverse (lognormal) relationship to one another

- A PGE-rich sulphide zone above the 4X/Lower Chromitite becomes progressively more evidentwith reef thinning and is included in routine sampling of the 4X Chromitite – prioritising theextraction of the lower chromitite, based on such data, is probably erroneous when appliedto thicker Normal Reef

- The 4A/Upper Chromitite (Merensky Chromitite) is a “drape” and has a regular/consistentPGE content and is usually more planar than the undulating 4X chromitite