nordunet 25 years hans wallberg sunet university of umeå [email protected] the future of...
TRANSCRIPT
NORDUnet 25 yearsNORDUnet 25 years
Hans Wallberg
SUNET
University of Umeå
The Future of NORDUnetThe Future of NORDUnet
24 May 2005 - #2
Predicting the Future?Predicting the Future?
Study the history and extrapolate!Study the history and extrapolate!
24 May 2005 - #3
The Mission of The Mission of NORDUnetNORDUnet
Provide international network Provide international network connectivity to Research connectivity to Research networks and the General networks and the General InternetInternet
Network development activitiesNetwork development activities International representation of International representation of
the Nordic networksthe Nordic networks
24 May 2005 - #4
Network CapacityNetwork Capacity
56 kbit/s in 198856 kbit/s in 1988 10 Gbit/s today10 Gbit/s today 10 Tbit/s in 2015 ~10 Mbit/s per user10 Tbit/s in 2015 ~10 Mbit/s per user
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
8 000
9 000
10 000
1988 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
24 May 2005 - #5
The NORDUnet Plug of The NORDUnet Plug of 19891989
X.25
DECnet
TCP/IP
24 May 2005 - #6
The NORDUnet Plug of The NORDUnet Plug of TodayToday
IP – 10 Gbit/sIP – 10 Gbit/s NorternLightNorternLight
n x GE Provisioned as completely Provisioned as completely
separate connectionsseparate connections
24 May 2005 - #7
The NORDUnet Plug of The NORDUnet Plug of TomorrowTomorrow
IP ≥ 10 Gbit/sIP ≥ 10 Gbit/s NorthernLightNorthernLight
n x GE n x 10 GE 40 Gbit/s or 100 GE?
Distributed over one hybrid network Distributed over one hybrid network based on dark fibrebased on dark fibre
Will the national networks and Will the national networks and campus networks be prepared to campus networks be prepared to deliver lambdas to the individual deliver lambdas to the individual researcher?researcher?
24 May 2005 - #8
Technical IssuesTechnical Issues
Connection oriented or connectionlessConnection oriented or connectionless Issues the first NORDUnet conferenceIssues the first NORDUnet conference
X.25 and the Q-bit Cambridge Rings vs Ethernet
In the beginning we were connections In the beginning we were connections oriented and used X.25oriented and used X.25
From 1988 we became connectionless From 1988 we became connectionless with packet switching and IPwith packet switching and IP
ATM was an exception and a mistakeATM was an exception and a mistake
24 May 2005 - #9
Connectionless or Connection Connectionless or Connection OrientedOriented
TodayToday
Connectionless (packet switched) for general communications. Millions of flows per second.
Connection oriented (lambdas) for special needs. Point-to-point between researchers. Few flows with long duration.
24 May 2005 - #10
Connectionless or Connection Connectionless or Connection OrientedOriented
TomorrowTomorrow Still connectionless for the
general use Many more lambdas (connection
oriented) for special needs Much higher bandwidth per
lambda Will the connection oriented
paradigm scale? The number of point-to-point links increases The lifetime of the links decreases
24 May 2005 - #11
Technical DevelopmentsTechnical Developments
DWDM systemsDWDM systems Transparent Passive core
Automatic attenuation and dispersion compensation ROADMs Passive splitting instead of OADMs All active optical equipment at customer premises
Increased number of channels (lambdas)
50 GHz per channel (25 GHz per ch will come?) Both C-band and L-band in the same system
Higher bandwidth per channel Lightwave modulation: Duo Binary, ODB, DPSK, etc.
Optical Switches – Photonic SwitchingOptical Switches – Photonic Switching Bit-rate and protocol transparent
24 May 2005 - #12
The Reasons for Hybrid The Reasons for Hybrid NetworksNetworks
Routers are too expensiveRouters are too expensive Switches are cheapSwitches are cheap Optical Switches are even cheaperOptical Switches are even cheaper Eliminates the bandwidth limitations of Eliminates the bandwidth limitations of
the campus networksthe campus networks Eliminates limitations of campus Eliminates limitations of campus
firewalls firewalls The only way to achieve e2e The only way to achieve e2e
performanceperformance We shouldn’t use expensive routers for We shouldn’t use expensive routers for
bandwidth intensive long-lived flowsbandwidth intensive long-lived flows Routers cause latencyRouters cause latency
24 May 2005 - #13
Killer Applications?Killer Applications?
Unlimited bandwidth needs in 5 years:Unlimited bandwidth needs in 5 years: Astronomy - VLBI Physics Space Physics - Sensors Life Sciences - Imaging Remote Visualization Grid Computing
Will they really show up?Will they really show up? Will they be financed and able to pay their marginal Will they be financed and able to pay their marginal
part of the communication cost?part of the communication cost? When will we see Grid Clusters with 10GE When will we see Grid Clusters with 10GE
Interfaces?Interfaces? If these killer apps don’t show up the networking If these killer apps don’t show up the networking
community will loose credibilitycommunity will loose credibility
24 May 2005 - #14
ConclusionsConclusions
The future network of NORDUnet The future network of NORDUnet should:should:
Use dark fibre Use the latest generation of
DWDM equipment Future proofFuture proof Flexible and adaptable to any needsFlexible and adaptable to any needs Compatible with the national Compatible with the national
networksnetworks Router consolidation Router consolidation
24 May 2005 - #15
Network development Network development activitiesactivities
Participate in international network Participate in international network development activities (GLIF, GN2, etc.)development activities (GLIF, GN2, etc.)
Coordinate common Nordic network Coordinate common Nordic network development activities (Nordunet3, etc.)development activities (Nordunet3, etc.)
Participate in network testing and Participate in network testing and experiments for specific researchers (VLBI, experiments for specific researchers (VLBI, etc.)etc.)
Most of the network development activities Most of the network development activities will be based on a common Nordic hybrid will be based on a common Nordic hybrid networknetwork
Challenges:Challenges: Participation from the Nordic
national network Avoid interfering with the national
networks
24 May 2005 - #16
International representation International representation of the Nordic networksof the Nordic networks
One person instead of five One person instead of five attending international attending international meetingsmeetings
Saves money and resources
One Nordic voice One Nordic voice One common Nordic viewOne common Nordic view
Makes an impact
24 May 2005 - #17
Final ConclusionFinal Conclusion
In the future NORDUnet should:In the future NORDUnet should:
Provide international network connectivity for the Nordic NRENs
Perform network development activities
Represent the Nordic networks Internationally
24 May 2005 - #18
SeptemberGöteborg Sweden
NORDUnet 2006 Networking Conference
Göteborg UniversityChalmers University of Technology