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TRANSCRIPT
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THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GROCERY ITEMS IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
USING RFID
(GIIS)
BY
NOOR AZLINA BINTI MD NORANI
2005384968
A final project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
B. Sc (HONS) DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING
Major Area: Networking/Communication
A project paper submitted to
FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND QUANTITATIVE SCIENCEUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
Approved by the Examining Committee:
..
Project Supervisor, Examiner,
Mr. AHMAD YUSRI DAK Mdm ZARINA ZAINOL
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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work in this project paper is on my own except for those
quotations and summaries, which have been acknowledged.
................................................
NOOR AZLINA BINTI MD NORANI
2005384968
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
Alhamdulillah, most of all I would like to convey my grateful feeling to Allah S.W.T
for I am blessed to complete this research project in time. Special thanks to my
supervisor, Mr. Ahmad Yusri Dak for helping and supervising me.
I would also want to thank Mdm Nor Shahniza Kamal Bashah and Mr. Adzhar
Abdul Kadir for giving me all the guidelines in order to complete the project.
To my beloved parents and family, I would like to thank them for giving me a lot
of support and encouragement for me to complete this project especially my
mom and brother.
To my beloved friends Kiekie, Erie, Eriena, Missfidz, Teletubbies, Bumblebee
and others who have contributed and helped me during the completion of this
project.
Last but not least, to Tomoko and Jemy for their tools and so on.
Thank you.
Wassalam
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ABSTRACT
There is a slightly increased on the number of people become blind or visually impaired
reported with difficulty in reading or unable to read letters in regular print. Basic activities
such as riding a bus or buying a packet of sugar at the grocery store are just some of the
challenges for the blind people to face everyday.
A common problem for the blind people when go for shopping is to differentiate between
containers that feel the same but contain different contents. Besides, blind person must
wait a grocery store employee to assist them identify the right product. This will lead to
decrease their independence in daily activities.
The GIIS project is developed to assist the blind people for identify grocery items during
shopping using RFID technology and text to speech system. Within this system, the
blind will know the related information of the item which they hold by stamping RFID tag
on the RFID antenna before the system convert output text into speech on the hand
phone via Bluetooth connection.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL i
DECLARATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
LIST OF DIAGRAMS xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Project Objectives 2
1.4 Project Scope 3
1.5 Project Significance 3
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Introduction 42.2 Radio Frequency Identification System (RFID) 4
2.2.1 What is RFID 4
2.2.2 RFID system 5
2.2.3 RFID source 5
2.2.4 Passive and Active RFID tag 6
2.2.5 Cost 7
2.2.6 Advantages 7
2.3 Different methodologies/approaches to solve the same problem 82.3.1 Assistive Technologies for the Blind (Trinetra) 8
2.3.2 ScripTalk 9
2.3.3 RoboCart 9
2.3.4 I.D.Mate 10
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2.4 Different methodologies/approaches to solve the similar problem 10
2.4.1 Blind Audio Tactile System (BATS) 10
2.4.2 Aloud Digital Audio Labeling System 11
2.4.3 Talking RX System 11
2.4.4 A text to speech interface for Universal Digital Library 11
2.4.5 Orizin 12
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 13
3.1 Introduction 13
3.2 Phase 1: Project Planning and Overview 15
3.3 Phase 2: Analysis 16
3.3.1 Hardware Requirement 17
3.3.2 Software Requirement 18
3.4 Phase 3: Design 19
3.5 Phase 4: Development 19
3.6 Phase 5: Testing and Implementation 21
3.7 Phase 6: Maintenance 21
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND FINDINGS 22
4.1 Introduction 22
4.2 RFID System Interface 224.3 Grocery Items Identification System 23
4.3.1 Main System 23
4.3.2 System Interfaces 25
4.4 Text to Speech 38
4.4.1 Text to Speech Output Page 38
4.5 Bluetooth 40
4.5.1 Bluetooth Devices 40
4.6 SMS Sender 444.6.1 Interface SMS Sender 44
4.7 Analysis of Interviews among Blind People 45
4.7.1 Blind People Details 45
4.7.2 Analysis of Interview Question Before Testing GIIS 45
4.7.2.1 Selected Questions 45
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4.7.3 Analysis of Interview Question After Testing GIIS 50
4.7.3.1 Selected Questions 50
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 52
5.1 Introduction 52
5.2 Conclusion 52
5.3 Recommendation 53
5.2.1 Use RFID device with greater range of signal 53
5.2.3 Use RFID reader that can detect tags at the same time 53
5.2.4 Design Better Text to Speech Engine 53
REFERENCES 55
APPENDIX I 58
- Interview Questions 59
APPENDIX II 60
- Coding 61
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE
Table 2.1 RFID Class Structure 6
Table 3.1 Hardware Requirements 17
Table 3.2 Software Requirements 18
Table 4.1 Schedule of Interviews 45
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE
Figure 3.1 Overview of the structure of the research method 14
Figure 3.2 Project Overview 15
Figure 4.1 RFID detect items ID 22
Figure 4.2 RFID tag with no any data yet 23
Figure 4.3 GIIS Flowchart 24
Figure 4.4 Login Interface 25
Figure 4.5 Error Login Interface 26
Figure 4.6 GIIS admins main page Interface 26
Figure 4.7 GIIS staffs main page interface 27
Figure 4.8 Register Item 28
Figure 4.9 Example of items registration 28
Figure 4.10 View item interface 29
Figure 4.11 Redundant ID alert 29
Figure 4.12 Main Item 30
Figure 4.13 Search Item 31
Figure 4.14 Search by ID 31
Figure 4.15 Search Items by ID 32
Figure 4.16 Items Information 32
Figure 4.17 Search Item by Brand 33
Figure 4.18 Delete Item Interface 33
Figure 4.19 Example of Delete Item 34
Figure 4.20 Confirm Delete Item 34
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Figure 4.21 Delete Item 35
Figure 4.22 After Successfully Delete Item 35
Figure 4.23 View Item 36
Figure 4.24 Edit Item Interface 36
Figure 4.25 Confirm Edit Item Interface 37
Figure 4.26 Items information had been modified 37
Figure 4.27 Text to speech output page 39
Figure 4.28 Bluetooth Devices Setting 40
Figure 4.29 Show Bluetooth Devices 41
Figure 4.30 Bluetooth File Transfer 41
Figure 4.31 Transfer Files Name 42
Figure 4.32 Loading Transfer File 42
Figure 4.33 Bluetooth file transfer is completed 43
Figure 4.34 Message sent to hand phone 44
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LIST OF ABBREVIATION
Abbreviations Full Term
API Application Programmable Interface
GIIS Grocery Item Identification System
OCR Optical Character Recognition
OLE Object Linking Embedded
TTS Text to Speech
EPC Electronic Product Code
UPC Universal Product Code
SAPI Speech Application Programmable Interface
PRONTO Prolog Natural Language Toolkit
NLP Natural Language Processing
RFID Radio Frequency Identification
RFDC Radio Frequency Data Communication
ID Identification
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
During daily activities, blind people had to be assisted from a sighted person.
Basic activities such as riding the bus or buying a can of beans at the grocery
store are just some of the challenges that these blind people have to face
everyday. There are a lot of assistive technologies for the blind such as Braille to
improve their reading. But, Braille literacy is still not wide spread. Generally, a
significant number of individuals who are legally blind find that large print or audio
text are helpful rather than using Braille as a reading medium.
Traditionally, blind people had to be assist from a sighted person in doing their
daily activities such as identify and shopping for items in grocery store. The
common problem for the blind is to differentiate between containers that feel the
same but have different contents. Normally, when they go for shopping, they will
request a help from grocery store employee to identify the items which they hold.
Sometimes, this will lead to burden both parties besides wasting their time.
Furthermore, this situation will contribute to less independence among blindshopper. They have to plan their shopping trips to ensure the store is less empty
where they are able to buy a large number of items because of fear to bother the
grocery store employee.
This project is limited to a small grocery store which consists of less than a
thousand of selected items. Besides it is limit of distance because passive tags
have practical read distances ranging from 0 to 10 cm using the RFID reader.
Thus, this will give an independent shopping experience where the blind shopperwill not ask to be assist from the grocery store employee and they are able to
locate and search the products on their own. As a matter of fact, this technology
will save their time to shop. Furthermore by using GIIS, it is more economical
compared to apply Braille tags on every stocked product in a grocery store.
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1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
There are many kind of items especially foods, can be identified by touch or
smells such as vegetables and fruits. But it is harder to identify grocery items
such as bottles of ketchup, canned beans, cereal boxes, packets of biscuits and
others. This is a common problem for the blind people to differentiate between
containers that feel the same but that have different contents. Although they are
guided with typical blind navigation aid such as cane or guide dog, sometimes it
is useless since the grocery stores often change the location of items. Thus it will
be more serious problem to the blind people if they not fetch the right product,
but they had fetch products which are poison, hazardous and others.
Normally blind people must wait a grocery employee to have a free moment in
order to assist them to identify grocery item which they was hold. This will burden
both parties since the blind have to wait for several moments and describe the
desired products which will waste their time, while the grocery store employee
have to spend some times to fetch the product. Furthermore, this will lead to
decrease the blind people independence in daily activities.
Therefore an alternative technology which will assist the blind people to shop in a
grocery store is needed to improve the quality of shopping experience for them.
1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are:
i. To enhance and improve interface of Grocery Items Identification System
(GIIS).
ii. To develop a Bluetooth connection coding between (GIIS) to a Bluetoothgadget or mobile.
iii. To analyze the effectiveness of the system from user needs perspectives.
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1.4 PROJECT SCOPE
The scopes of this project are:
i. The project was focused on grocery store only.
ii. Limit of distance because passive tags have practical read distances
ranging from 0 to 6 cm using the RFID reader.
iii. The type of hand phone used is Sony Ericson (w850i).
iv. The target users are blind people.
1.5 PROJECT SIGNIFICANCE
This project will give a lot of benefits for many parties. Not only for the blind
people, this project gives benefits to researcher, grocery management and
visually impaired people.
Implementation of technology for the blind people can offer additional
independent shopping experience for the blind. The blind shopper should not
need to ask for the assistance from the grocery store employee anymore and
they are able to identify the products which they were holding on their own. As a
matter of fact, this technology will allow faster and accurate identification, withoutrequiring assistance from a sighted person during the time of identification.
The implementation of technology does not required blind people to bring along
big equipment to assist them. They just have to bring their hand phone that has
been configured with the GIIS and Bluetooth connection. This will not burden the
blind people of having trouble bring a lot of equipment and gadget to assist them
in identify item. Thus, the blind will gain a new experience in using new
technology.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The literature review is valuable resources which consist of knowledge and
thinking about a topic area. This chapter will be discussing on all of the
information that related to the project. These literature reviews are taken from
internet articles, books and cite about previous research that related to Grocery
Items Identification System (GIIS).
2.2 RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (RFID)
2.2.1 What is RFID?
Radio frequency identification or RFID is a generic term for technologies that use
radio waves to automatically identify people or objects. There are several
methods of identification, but the most common is to store a serial number that
identifies a person or object, and perhaps other information, on a microchip that
is attached to an antenna (the chip and the antenna together are called an RFIDtransponder or an RFID tag). The antenna enables the chip to transmit the
identification information to a reader. The reader converts the radio waves
reflected back from the RFID tag into digital information that can then be passed
on to computers that can make use of it. Refer http://www.rfidjournal.com/faqhttp://www.rfidjournal.com/faq
RFID system has two main components that are the RF reader also known as
the base station or the interrogator and the RF tag (transponder).When RFID tag
are attached to physical objects; they enable those objects to identify themselvesto RFID readers through the use of radio frequency communication.
Along with passive RFID tags, there are also active tags which are slightly larger,
about the size of a coin. These tags come with their own power sources and
operate at greater signal strength over longer distances. Active RFID tags have
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been proposed for use as intermediaries between passive RFID tags and a
central reader or computer (Matt, 2005).
2.2.2 RFID System
A system requires, in addition to tags, a means of reading or interrogating the
tags and some means of communicating the data to a host computer or
information management system. A system will also include a facility for entering
or programming data into the tags, if this is not undertaken at source by the
manufacturer. Quite often an antenna is distinguished as if it were a separate
part of an RFID system. While its importance justifies the attention it must be
seen as a feature that is present in both readers and tags, essential for the
communication between the two.
Refer http://www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid/resources/papers/rfidhttp://www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid/resources/papers/rfid
An RFID system consists of two main components, RFID tag (transponder) and
RFID reader. RFID tag is usually attached to the object to be identified and
carries information in an electronic microchip. RFID detect tags and performance
read/ writes operations on RFID tags (Lara, 2005).
Normally readers are connected with an additional interface to forward taginformation to another system. The most common RFID system, the reader
transmits a low-power radio signal to the tag, which receives the signal and uses
it as a power source to activate the embedded integrated circuit, before transmit
the information stored in it back to the reader through the antenna. The
information carried by the RFID tag is the identity of the tag and other relevant
information (Lara, 2005).
2.2.3 RFID Source
According to Matt, Rob, Gaynor (May 2006) RFID tags come in a variety of
different types have been defined in an RFID Class Structure by the Auto-ID
Center and later through EPC global.
http://www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid/resources/papers/rfidhttp://www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid/resources/papers/rfidhttp://www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid/resources/papers/rfid -
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Class Class Layer Name Class Functionality
1 Identity Tags Purely passive, Identification tags
2 Higher Functionality Tags Purely passive, identification,
additional functionality (read/ write
memory)
3 Semi Passive Tags Addition of on board battery power
4 Active Ad-hoc Tags Communication with other active tags
5 Reader Tags Able to provide power for and
communicate with other tags, eg: can
act as a reader, transmitting and
receiving radio waves.
Table 2.1: RFID Class Structure
2.2.4 Passive and Active RFID Tags
Active and passive RFID are fundamentally different technologies. Active RFID
tag has an internal power source, battery. The battery that can be used as a
partial or complete source of power for the tag's circuitry and antenna, and may
have longer range and larger memories than passive tags, as well as the ability
to store additional information sent by the transceiver. Some active tags contain
replaceable batteries for years of use (JR Tuttle, 1997).
Passive RFID tags have no internal power supply (battery).The power is supplied
by the reader. When radio waves from the reader are encountered by a passive
RFID tag, the coiled antenna within the tag forms a magnetic field. The tag draws
power from it, energizing the circuits in the tag. The tag then sends the
information encoded in the tag's memory and temporarily stores a very small
amount of energy from the readers signal to generate its own quick response.
Even though active RFID offer best performance than passive RFID, most of the
researcher prefers to use passive RFID in their system.
For GIIS, passive RFID tag will be used to accomplish this project. This type of
RFID is chosen because the tag is functions without a battery; this tag has a
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useful life of twenty years or more. The tag is typically much less expensive to
manufacture and much smaller. Passive tags have almost unlimited applications
in consumer goods and other areas.
2.2.5 Cost
According to Grajales (2003), RFID readers using the UHF band are among the
most expensive purchases for companies complying with supply chain mandates
from Wal-Mart and others. Wal-Mart consistently cites UHF reader costs as
verging on the prohibitive. The typical UHF reader today costs more than $2500.
The readers price depends on its features and functionality. Passive tags are
cheaper than active tags. The cost is actually depends on frequency, amount of
memory, antenna design and packaging around transponder.
Refer to http://www.rfidjournal.comhttp://www.rfidjournal.com
2.2.6 Advantages
According to Nadeem (1999), RFID offer not line of sight where RFID tags do
need to be visible to be read or written. Besides, RFID is a robust technology
because they do not need to be visible; they can be encased within ruggedmaterials protecting them from the environment they are being used in. This
means they can be used in harsh fluid and chemical environments and rough
handling situations.
Furthermore, RFID tags can be read from significant distances (especially the
active variety) and can also be read very quickly. This is especially useful when
the items needing to be identified are moving quickly for example a conveyor.
This technology also can read multiple items in at the same time.
As a matter of fact, since tags can be enclosed, they are much more difficult to
tamper with. A number of tag types now also come programmed with a unique
identifier (serial identification) which guaranteed to be unique throughout the
world.
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2.3 DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES/APPROACHES TO SOLVE THE SAME
PROBLEM
In developing this project, there are some projects that address the needs of
blind users in grocery-shopping or other purchasing context. These previous
project are very useful for us as a guidelines and give a great details of this topic
in order to accomplish all of the objectives.
2.3.1 Assistive Technologies for the Blind (Trinetra)
In this research project by Priya, Patrick (2006) has developed cost effective
assistive technologies to increase the quality of life for the blind by harnessing
the collective capability of diverse networked embedded devices to support
navigation, grocery shopping, transportation and others. The blind will scan aisle
which equipped with RFID tag using Baracoda IDBlue-RFID scanning pencil and
Baracoda barcode scanning pencil before sent via Bluetooth to Trinetra Symbian
C++ application residing on the mobile phone. The application checks a
persistent, most recently- used (MRU) local, first-level, catch for a product match
before turn to the end user. The Trinetra remote server will return the result to the
mobile phone application via TCP. Then the user will able to hear the output
through his mobile phone.
This system is similar with GIIS in term of using RFID technology to identify
grocery items. Besides, the blind can hear the output; item description. Trinetra
system has a drawback since require the blind to bring a lot of device such as
Baracoda IDBlue-RFID scanning pencil, Baracoda scanning barcode pencil and
mobile phone.
This system is different with GIIS in term of GIIS is using RFID device whichconsist of RFID reader, tag and antenna. The blind just have to bring a hand
phone that has been configured with the Bluetooth application. Besides that, they
just stamp the RFID tag before the system will identify the items information and
speak out the output through the hand phone.
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2.3.2 ScripTalk
En-vision (2005) had developed ScripTalk where it is a talking medication-label
system that exploits radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology to tag and
later identify prescription drugs for visually impaired individuals. When a
ScripTalk user submit a prescriptions to a pharmacy, the pharmacy uses a
special ScripTalk software and a custom printer to generate and affix an RFID
label containing information such as patients name, drug name and others. The
ScripTalk user retrieves the information off the affixed label using a portable,
electronic reader unit with vice synthesizer to read the label details aloud.
Similar to GIIS, it use RFID technology to identify the information needed.
Besides that, this project was implemented to help the visually impaired person
by speak out the information before it can be hear by the user. But, this system is
different with GIIS since it requires special RFID labels and RFID-label printer.
2.3.3 RoboCart
The RoboCart from Utah State University provides for robotic assistant to aid the
blind in the task of grocery shopping. The principle of this technology is to assist
the blind in navigating through a store and in carrying their purchased items. It isdevelop from the idea of a guided dog which always been used by the blind to
assist them during navigation. RoboCart relies on RFID tags that are embedded
at various locations in the store, and is not intended for individual ownership but
rather requires an investment of the store.
This project is similar to GIIS since it was developed using RFID technology to
assist the blind during grocery shopping. But, this project is different from GIIS
where do not have to use special recorder and audio label in order to speak outthe output.
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2.3.4 I.D. Mate
The I.D. Mate product is a talking barcode scanner which is specifically targeted
for blind users. The product is portable, electronic device that scans barcodes
and labels of various items at the grocery store. On board the device is a UPC
database of almost 1 million items to enable the identification of scanned items. It
eliminates the need to visually and precisely locate the barcode since run by
omni directional scanner. This product allows voice message to be recorded and
associated with any scanned item, in case user wishes to recall important
information. Custom barcodes can be generated and affixed to items without
barcodes on them.
The similarities between GIIS and this product is developed to assist the blind
identify items during shopping at the grocery store. While the difference from
GIIS are the I.D.Mate use barcode technology and have to record voice message
before used in the system.
2.4 DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES/APPROACHES TO SOLVE THE SIMILAR
PROBLEM
2.4.1 Blind Audio Tactile System (BATS)
The BATS project focused on helping people with visually impaired access and
explores spatial information using standard open source software and standard
computer hardware. Besides, this project uses prior techniques to present maps
to the blinds such as text to speech synthesis, auditory icons and tactile
feedback.
This project is similar to GIIS in term of it was develop to assist the blind gatherinformation using text to speech application programmable interface. The
difference between this project and GIIS where, it was develop by using Python
language, Open Database Connectivity besides using touch screen concept.
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2.4.2 Aloud Digital Audio Labeling System
This system consists of an audio-recording device that allows the pharmacist to
generate an audio label for a prescription bottle. The user employs the Aloud
player unit to listen to the audio labels by placing the tagged prescription bottle
onto the player unit. This requires custom devices at the pharmacys end, and
requires the cooperation of the pharmacist in order to ensure the effective usage.
This system is similar to GIIS since it was developed to help the blind identify the
prescription needed by speak out the information needed. But, this system is
different from GIIS where do not have to use special recorder and audio label in
order to speak out the output.
2.4.3 Talking RX System
This system is developed to contribute a device that contains a 60-seconds
digital recording device that fits on the bottom of a standard prescription bottle.
The pharmacist records the prescriptions related information into the device
using recessed record button. The user can listen to the recording later at home
by pressing another button on the device. Each prescription bottles requires its
own unit, thereby requiring the user to buy as many units as the products that hewishes to identify in this manner.
This system is similar to GIIS in terms of it alert the user by talking the required
information. But it is different from GIIS since do not have to record any
information related to the grocery items. The admin just have to key in the
information in the GIIS system before the system will speak out the output.
2.4.4 A text to speech interface for Universal Digital Library
This project using text to speech interface for UDL portal would enable access to
the digital content in voice mode, and also provide access to the digital content
for illiterate and vision-impaired people. This project focuses on design and
implementation of text to speech interface for UDL portal primarily for Indian
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languages. It was implemented using OCR, scanner and text to speech server to
obtain the information of books before speak out the output.
The similarity to GIIS is this project is implemented for helping the blind to identify
the correct item. In this case, it was used to identify the books. While the
difference to GIIS, this project use different technologies to detect the books, by
using OCR and scanner. Besides, this project used multi language in their TTS
engine.
2.4.5 Orizin
This project using RFID technology to identify the stock and items information in
retails stores in India. The implementation had been done on 2005 which
covered the identification and verification of stores stocks information or
inventory information. The RFID system Orizin set up includes a station consist
of a desktop RFID reader for tagging items and updating the prices. As items are
received at the store, workers outfit them with 867 MHz RFID tags based on EPC
globals second-generation standard. Relevant information is linked to the unique
EPCs. Data is transmitted via WiFi connection, from the desktop and handheld
readers to a server.
The similarities of this system with GIIS are this system is used to identify the
items information in a store and using RFID technology. While the different from
GIIS is GIIS is a system for the blind users and for a small grocery store which
less than a thousand items. Besides, GIIS do not use EPC during the project
implementation.