non photographic sensors
TRANSCRIPT
Non-photographic SensorsNon-photographic Sensors
Daniel L. CivcoWB Young 310
Daniel L. CivcoWB Young 310
NRE 2000NRE 2000IntroductionIntroductionto Geomaticsto Geomatics
Spring 2010Spring 2010
NRE 2000NRE 2000IntroductionIntroductionto Geomaticsto Geomatics
Spring 2010Spring 2010
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Continuum of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, only a very small portion of which includes visible light.
Gamma Rays
X Rays Ultraviolet Infrared Microwave Radio
0.4m – 0.7m 0.03 Å – 400 Å 400 Å – 0.4 m 0.7 m – 0.1cm 0.2cm – 20cm 18cm – 3 x 106 m
Increasing Wavelength
Increasing Frequency
Vis
ible
Remote Sensing ProcessRemote Sensing Process
• Energy Source or Illumination (A)• Radiation and the Atmosphere (B)• Interaction with the Target (C)• Recording of Energy by Sensor (D) • Transmission, Reception, and
Processing (E)• Interpretation and Analysis (F)• Application (G)
• Energy Source or Illumination (A)• Radiation and the Atmosphere (B)• Interaction with the Target (C)• Recording of Energy by Sensor (D) • Transmission, Reception, and
Processing (E)• Interpretation and Analysis (F)• Application (G)
Remote Sensing Data Collection Sensor Systems
Remote Sensing Data Collection Sensor Systems
• Remotely sensed data may be collected using a variety of instruments, including:– Analog Frame Photography – Digital Frame Camera Area Arrays – Multispectral Scanning Systems – Linear Array Pushbroom Sensors – Linear Array Whiskbroom Scanners – Hyperspectral Area Arrays
• Remotely sensed data may be collected using a variety of instruments, including:– Analog Frame Photography – Digital Frame Camera Area Arrays – Multispectral Scanning Systems – Linear Array Pushbroom Sensors – Linear Array Whiskbroom Scanners – Hyperspectral Area Arrays
Analog Frame Photography Data Collection Analog Frame Photography Data Collection
Comparison of Four Common Film TypesComparison of Four Common Film Types
BW BW
BWIR BWIR
Color Color
CIR CIR
Digital Frame Photography Data Collection Digital Frame Photography Data Collection
Wavelength (µm)
Digital Image NomenclatureDigital Image Nomenclature
0.47 meter resolution0.47 meter resolution
Four BandsFour BandsBlueBlue
GreenGreenRedRed
Near InfraredNear Infrared
0.47 meter resolution0.47 meter resolution
Four BandsFour BandsBlueBlue
GreenGreenRedRed
Near InfraredNear Infrared
Single frameSingle frame
ADAR MultispectralADAR MultispectralADAR MultispectralADAR Multispectral
1500 columns1500 columns
750 rows750 rows
9 frame9 framemosaicmosaic
ADAR MultispectralADAR MultispectralADAR MultispectralADAR Multispectral
Leica ADS40 MultispectralLeica ADS40 MultispectralLeica ADS40 MultispectralLeica ADS40 Multispectral
John Deere Agri ServicesJohn Deere Agri ServicesJohn Deere Agri ServicesJohn Deere Agri Services
Go to CLEAR Salt Marsh Site Go to CLEAR Salt Marsh Site http://clear.uconn.edu/projects/marshlis/Comparison.htmlhttp://clear.uconn.edu/projects/marshlis/Comparison.html
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Continuum of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, only a very small portion of which includes visible light.
Gamma Rays
X Rays Ultraviolet Infrared Microwave Radio
0.4m – 0.7m 0.03 Å – 400 Å 400 Å – 0.4 m 0.7 m – 0.1cm 0.2cm – 20cm 18cm – 3 x 106 m
Increasing Wavelength
Increasing Frequency
Vis
ible
Simple Non-Imaging Spot Radiometer
Simple Non-Imaging Spot Radiometer
Multispectral Scanner Data Collection Multispectral Scanner Data Collection
Multispectral Scanner OperationMultispectral Scanner Operation
Thermal
VisibleNear andMiddle IR
Raytheon 250Raytheon 250 Thermal ScannerRaytheon 250Raytheon 250 Thermal Scanner
Thermal imager on mount for aerial scanning.
Daytime Thermal Infrared, Middleton, WI 2:40 PM, September 17
Thermal Infrared ImagingThermal Infrared Imaging
Nighttime Thermal Infrared, Middleton, WI 9:50 PM, September 17
Thermal Infrared ImagingThermal Infrared Imaging
Daytime Thermal Infrared, Oak Creek Power Plant, 1:50 PM, March 27
Thermal Infrared ImagingThermal Infrared Imaging
Nighttime Thermal Infrared, Iowa City, 2:00 AM, January Air T = -4o C
Thermal Infrared ImagingThermal Infrared Imaging
Surface IsothermsSurface Isotherms
Powerton Cooling Pond, Daedalus Therma; Scanner
Surface IsothermsSurface Isotherms
Powerton Cooling Pond, Daedalus Thermal Scanner
Surface IsothermsSurface Isotherms
Powerton Cooling Pond, Daedalus Therma; Scanner
Multispectral Scanner OperationMultispectral Scanner Operation
Multispectral Scanner OperationMultispectral Scanner Operation
Cross-track versus Along-track
Cross-track versus Along-track
“Whisk broom” “Push broom”
Example: Landsat Example: SPOT
Scanner (WhiskBroom) Data Collection Scanner (WhiskBroom) Data Collection
Linear Array (Pushbroom) Data CollectionLinear Array (Pushbroom) Data Collection
LandsatLandsat SPOTSPOT
Whisk Broom Push Broom
Area Array Hyperspectral Data Collection Area Array Hyperspectral Data Collection
Typical image cube generated from hyperspectral imaging
Hyperspectral ImageryHyperspectral ImageryHyperspectral ImageryHyperspectral Imagery
A rendition of hyperspectral data cube with false-color 3-band image on the front face of the cube and pseudo-colored edges of bands shown on the bottom and side of the cube, constructed from AVIRIS data from the area of Cuprite, Nevada.
Hyperspectral ImageryHyperspectral ImageryHyperspectral ImageryHyperspectral Imagery
Ingredients of an ImageIngredients of an ImageIngredients of an ImageIngredients of an Image
Earth's SurfaceEarth's Surface
brightness, pollution, other real world activities
Pixels are MIXED
brightness, pollution, other real world activities
Pixels are MIXED
remote sensingsystem or scanner
remote sensingsystem or scanner
Raster ImageRaster ImageRows and Columns of Pixels8 bits = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 256 Shades11 bits = 256 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 2048 Shades
Rows and Columns of Pixels8 bits = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 256 Shades11 bits = 256 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 2048 Shades
Adapted from Skip Maselli
Digital Image Data Properties
Digital Image Data Properties
Pixel Values
Ikonos True Color Composite
Digital Image Data Properties
Digital Image Data Properties
Pixel Values
True Color Composite
Digital Image Data Properties
Digital Image Data Properties
Pixel Values
Band 1 - Blue
Digital Image Data Properties
Digital Image Data Properties
Spatial Profile
Green Green
Green Green
Water Water
Water Water
Trees Trees
Trees Trees
Fairway Fairway
Fairway Fairway SoilSoil SoilSoil
??????
Non-photographic SensorsNon-photographic Sensors
Daniel L. CivcoWB Young 310
Daniel L. CivcoWB Young 310
NRE 2000NRE 2000IntroductionIntroductionto Geomaticsto Geomatics
Spring 2010Spring 2010
NRE 2000NRE 2000IntroductionIntroductionto Geomaticsto Geomatics
Spring 2010Spring 2010