Non conventional energy sources and research interests

A.K.Tripathy

Advisor Silicon

NWET - 0.02.2015

Global Renewable Energy Drive

• Is ‘renewable energy drive’ really a Global drive for Energy Security?

• A drive for saving environment?

• A technology driven agenda to support manufacturers of a new generation equipments?

• An effort to drive R&D and innovation?

• Actually a boon for the the rural mass?

• What is the present status?

• How comfortable Is India?

• What should our State do?

Wind Power is going strong

• More than 19000 MW power installed. (Potential between 45000 and 65000MW) India slides down from 4th to 5th position after Chinese entry

• We have 2.5 to 3 MW single turbine units available now.

• Taller than 100 meter towers.

• Fiber glass blades

• Bi directional converters

• Fault ride through capability

• Permanent magnet generators

• Governor type control .

Large wind mills coming up in Gujarat and Rajas than

• PROBLEM: Not many places with wind speed between 14 to 48 km per hour

• Accelerated Depreciation benefit to invester

Deutsches Museum (2003)

Offshore Energy could be ideal for INDIA

Research areas in Solar Technology

• PV cells of multi crystalline structure.

• Solar film technology development.

• Sterling Engine, solar chimney, parabolic solar reflectors, solar towers.

• Solar thermal.

• DC-AC- AC converters.

• Applications • Solar lanterns

• Solar street lights

• Solar pumping station

• Solar domestic heating

• Solar automobiles

• Solar desalination plants

• Solar refrigeration and food storage

Biomass, Bio diesel

Bio gasifier technology has matured

Jathropa and Pongamia plantation have been on the increase

Biomass plants particularly rice husks and bagasse have been partly successful

• Needs proper planning , support and Networking

NETWORKING OF RAW MATERIAL TO BIOMASS PLANTS

• Bio mass plants are best controlled through cooperatives and local administration.

• It has an impact on rural economy and comfort.

• Networking for feed material for multi feed biomass plants must be assured and encouraged

• This is possible through IT implementation.

Small Hydro, the merits Small Hydro on the Renewable Energy Matrix

1. SMALL HYDRO is Highest Density renewable

2. Seasonal but not intermittent Like wind, solar and Tidal

3. Non- consumptive use of a naturally recycled

resource unlike biomass

4. Carbon footprint superior to others in the total

energy chain (Solar PV=55, Wind=20 against Small Hydro=5.6 in

gC/kWh)

5. Most mature technology

6. Highest ‘ Prime – Moving’ efficiency

7. Highest operational flexibility

8. Peaking Support

9. Capacity Factors superior to Wind & Solar

Other Sources of Energy

• Tidal and wave energy

• Gas Hydrates

• Coal bed Methane

• Geothermal energy

• Fuel cells

• Ethanol

UNDER VEVELOPMENT , promising but NOT COMPETITIVE.

Coal Bed Methane Exploration

• CBM – an environment friendly clean fuel. • 4th largest proven coal reserves and being

the third largest coal producer in the world, India holds significant prospects for commercial recovery of CBM.

• CBM policy to formulated for E&P with estimated investment of INR 560 crores.

• Estimated CBM resources are to the tune of 850 BCM.

• Exploratory efforts carried out by the operators have resulted in establishment of 6 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of CBM gas in 4 CBM blocks.

OCEAN THERMAL

• OTEC is a process that utilizes the heat energy stored in the tropical ocean.

• OTEC utilizes the temperature difference of the warm surface water and the cold deep seawater to produce electricity.

• A fluid of low boiling point is used and turned into vapor.(Ammonia)

• Fresh water is a byproduct of OTEC.

Diagram of closed cycle system

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Geothermal energy is energy obtained by

tapping the heat of the earth itself

GRID ENERGY STORAGE

Grid energy storage :

1)Electrical energy is stored at times when production exceeds consumption .

2)The stores are used at times when consumption exceeds production.

3)In this way, electricity production need not be changed for momentary consumption ..

FOCUS ON Renewable

• Renewable are not firm power and are not for capacity addition, (unless their penetration level goes above 20%.)

• They can be energy adders, and take care of peak demand and load management.

• Renewable have a distinct advantage if 60 to seventy percent of power can be locally utilized, otherwise cost of transmission could be very high. Proper load generation balance could lead to energy security at micro level.

Mission without Vision

• Distorted growth under too many policy frame works, government clearances, and controls.

• Renewables do not enjoy a level playing ground.

• States are not taken into confidence as a partner in the National mission driven programs

• A lesson to be learnt from China and Japan where mass production and commercialization drives the market and R&D.

Responsibility of the supplier

• Renewable energy has lower capacity factor and are seasonal.

• Maintenance after commissioning in in- accessible areas remains as the biggest hurdle.

• The supplier should have a responsibility to maintain equipments and update it for longer periods and be a partner from the beginning.

• Multinational Suppliers have different business interest

• If the technology is for the consumers, it has to be consumer friendly, meaning high availability and reliability

• It should be maintenance free

Ensure success, Can’t afford to fail

• The immediate attention must go to a high penetration level of wind, solar and biomass

• Govt. should plan load growth around wind mill zones to make wind power effective.

• Some electricity consumption must go Solar in urban area as a mandatory practice.

• Concept of buying solar certificates must percolate to consumer level: Either they go solar or support solar

• Rain harvesting, solar heating must be conditional to accepting building plan

Administrative support to Entrepreneurs

• Jawaharlal Nehru solar mission has attracted investors

• Govt. must identify barren lands.

• Grid connectivity should be assured by DISCOMS or GRIDCO

• Each state must fulfill his quota of commitment

• The fear is that the big players will corner the business, big Govt. subsidy would go to big houses ,

• Can consumer cooperatives take control?

• Can consumer societies own their generating stations?

DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER

• Whether generation , transmission and Distribution can be managed by any other body?

• Does consumer have a choice?

• Are people involved in the reform process?

• How can we decentralize?

• Panchayats to work as institution of self Government?

• Wide penetration of Renewable Energy

• Parallel Development of rural economy

How to achieve a breakthrough?

• Create public awareness

• IT enable the village services

• Gram Panchayats to take franchisee of Distribution

• Create employment opportunity in villages

• Train villagers to maintain machinery

WORK ON A VIABLE AND SUSTAINABLE

BUSINESS MODEL

IS GOVT. THE RIGHT AGENCY TO DO IT?

Infrastructure Development

• Solar lighting supplement

• Pure drinking water

• Irrigation

• Food Storage

• Crop cutting, Wheat grinding

• Community kitchen

• Health services

Key Management Issues

• Single window project approval

and environment clearance

• Easy financing

• Sound project management

• Modular Technology and off the shelf product

• Single party responsibility

• Transparency , leading to less of Vigilance, audit, and legal proceedings

Organization issues

• Creating expert groups

• Incentive for good work

• Benchmarking and roll modeling

• Creating competition.

• Creating local job opportunity

Research and Development

• Technology and cost will hold the key. • Technology improvement would come through

R&D and cost reduction through mass production.

• Solar power cost must be reduced. • Roof top solar heating and PV for lighting must be

made mandatory. • Rain harvesting encourages alertness to social

responsibility • Green building implementation saves energy

Distributed Generation

• Small micro grids hold the key to local area development and public involvement.

• Information Technology can bring transparency in utilization of Govt. funds, restricting power thefts, tendering, bidding and project management.

• Renewable are clean energy and have very little or no carbon foot prints.

POWER SECTOR

• Several experts have given their recommendations for healthy growth of Power Sector in India

• Abraham Committee report on APDRP • Udesh Kohli report on AT&C Losses • Kirith Parikh report on Power sector and R&D • Satishchandran’s report on R&D . • Electricity planning document, the policy

document and the Electricity act2003. • Energy Conservation act 2001

Climate and National commitment

• India is signatory to UNFCC

• India is responsible for 3% of global GHG emission

• Coal consumption is 380 million tons per year

• Committed to reduction of CO2 to 1993 level

• CARBON CREDIT

• CABON SEQUESTRATION AND

AND MANY MORE

ORISSA POWER SCENARIO

• Installed capacity around 2900 MW

• Central sector share 1010 MW

• Energy generation 21000 MU

• Peak demand 3300 MW

• Energy consumption 19000 MU

• Total installed renewable 32. MW

• Solar power Negligible

Policy support

Approval to renewable projects to be given on FAST TRACK by an empowered committee headed by Chief Secretary

Strict adherence to project completion date

shall be ensured.

Govt. will promote Demand side management, energy conservation, distributed grid to encourage renewable

Why Solar in Odisha?

• Odisha does not have any wind potential except in KBK districts. It has good solar potential in the same area ie the western districts. Solar and wind can compliment each other and supply power to remote areas where nominal grid connectivity is available.

• Solar power station can be installed in less than a year

Solar roof top

• Mission also outlines strategy for roof top solar.

• Policy in regard with less than 80 degrees application

• Solar and coal based thermal will arrive at a parity by 2030.

• Prime minister’s call for “SOLAR INDIA’

PV and Solar business

• BHEL

• Titan Energy

• Moser Baer

• BP Solar

• Bosch

• Canadian Solar

• Mitshubishi

Issues for Discussion ..

• Is it not time that we have a simple, transparent system of pricing which is based on following postulates

– Let market forces determine prices

– No discrimination between different producers, on ownership or any other criteria (If subsidy disbursal is necessary, should we follow example in Fertliser sector of treating private and public sectors alike)

– Subsidise a consumer, rather than than the product. Let economic logic dictate policy

– Specific duties or levies that are transparent and simple

– Target towards - One India, One Market and One rate of tax for petroleum products - and look for other sources of revenue generation

A New social order with Renewable Energy

• Significant contribution of small decentralized generation shall bring a cultural and economic change in ‘rural India’

• Small contributions from a large population can be substantial at the National level

• Renewable energy can be an R&D challenge for next generation students and scientists

• Needs to be driven like the green revolution or the white revolution