Fluor Daniel

PIPING DESIGN LAYOUT TRAININGPipe-Stress-Analysis-Fluor-ManualPIPE STRESSPREFACELesson ObjectivesLesson Study PlanStudy AidProficiency Testing

THERMAL EXPANSIONHow to find pipe expansionWrite the formula for thermal expansionFrom the Piping Code tables, since "A" spec. Pipe is A53-B (this is carbon steel) and the temperature is 600oF, e = .0460 inches/foot (per coefficient of expansion tables).From the piping layout, L - 110 feet.Substitute e and L into the formula. Your calculation will look like this:=eLc.s. @600oF=.046 X 110=5.06 inches

AnchorsFull AnchorsDirectional Anchors

GuidesConcepts of Free Thermal Expansion

FORCE AND STRESS NOMOGRAPHSYoung's ModulusThermal Force Between Two AnchorsUsing the Force NomographAdd ALL bending legs at right angles to the expansion.Thermal force will be calculated in only one direction, since the bending legs in the other directions are so much larger these calculations are unnecessary.12" SCH. 30 S.S. @ 400 Degrees F.

Anchor Movement

PIPEWAY STUDYBasic Pipeway LayoutLocating Loop Anchors (After the Need for a Loop Has Been Established)Multiple LoopsAnchor lines near their center. Determine which lines require loops by checking the allowable expansion at each end of the run. If each end will absorb the resulting expansion, no loop is required, usually. If the line spacing cannot be adjusted to takDetermine which of the lines requiring loops need the largest loop, second largest, etc., by the following:Multiply the total expansion of each line between its proposed anchors by the pipe's moment of inertia (E). (The stiffness of a line is measured by its "Moment of inertia.")The line with the largest of these calculated numbers will require the largest loop, the next smaller number, the next smaller loop, etc.The above rule does not check stress. This is checked after the loops are roughly dimensioned.

Check the space available for the loops. Make sure that the lines requiring the biggest loops are berthed near the edge of the pipeway opposite the top of the loop. Fit the loops between two pipe supports using minimum spacing plus allowance for line eSend finished pipeway to stress for accurate calculation of anchor forces for transmittal to Structural and accurate evaluation of stresses in the piping.

Locating Friction Balance

SUPPORT AND PIPE SPANSAllowable Pipe SpansDead Load CalculationsSupport Location

EQUIPMENTHorizontal VesselsExchangersVertical VesselsPumps (Forces)Air Coolers (Fin Fans)

PIPING DESIGNER STRESS RESPONSIBILITIESStress Sketch RequirementsCode Requirements (From ANSI B31.3-1993 Page 41)

GENERAL DESIGN INFORMATIONPUMPS, TURBINES AND COMPRESSORSA. PumpsOn cast steel pumps at ambient temperatures to 150oF, limit the dead weight on nozzles to the lesser of 200 lbs./nom. inch of nozzle size or 2000 lbs. On cast iron or aluminum pumps limit the dead weight load to the lesser of 50 lbs./nom. inch of nozzleAt temperatures of 150oF to 300oF weight and expansion effects may permit handling similar to the above, however it is best to plan a support point directly over the riser with a 3'-6" minimum clearance from the top of line to the underside of the supporLines 300oF and over: Locate support point directly over riser with same minimum clearance as above. Where clearances are less it may be possible to employ a riser clamp directly below the elbow weld, plus two spring hangers. The line should be revieweAt ambient temperature of 150oF: A base support will take care of the dead weight loading; however, the unsupported span must be limited to 75% of normal span.At temperatures of 150oF to 300oF: A base support usually is sufficient but a spring may be required if equipment expansion causes larger expansion bending moments to be imposed on the equipment. Normally 75% of span is permissible to a non-elastic pipeAt temperatures over 300oF the same general conditions as (b) above, will apply. The line routing should be reviewed with an Analyst during layout, especially, if the size is 8" or over.When pump nozzle size is two or more sizes smaller than the line and valve sizes, a spring will probably be required for top suction of discharge lines.When pump nozzle is the same size as the line and valve ratings are 300# or more, a spring will probably be required for top suction and discharge lines.When pump risers have an offset before the valves and installation of a 5BSS is impractical, a spring may be required.When top suction and discharge nozzles are overloaded, an overhead spring may often be avoided by offsetting the line to the side of the pump and installing a 5BSS.For all practical purposes the pump piping may be designed during the study stage for a maximum reaction of 200#/nominal inch on steel pump nozzles and 50#/nominal inch for cast iron or aluminum pump nozzles. Dead weight must be added algebraically to tFor purposes of computing thermal expansion the face of the nozzle shown on the stress sketch must be related dimensionally to the centerline of the pump shaft vertically and horizontally. Suction lines should have an additional dimension horizontally rMake sure that flange ratings, size and material if other than steel are also listed.List any vendor force or moment limitations.

Turbine Drivers: Support requirementsTo exhaust headerThe Fluor Daniel Standard indicates routing to an exhaust header. Generally a 5BS at the base ell will be satisfactory with the riser and horizontal run to the header supported to take care of the expansion requirements. Exhaust headTo exhaust headAn exhaust head may require an anchored stack because of a long riser requirement. Where a short riser is permissible, locate the riser adjacent to a pipe support column to permit a guide as near as possible to the exhaust head, then thTo a condenserCondensing type turbine drivers usually are found as drivers for large centrifugal compressors. When these are mounted close to grade with a vertical exhaust nozzle, the support and line expansion control of the exhaust line usually becoThermal force can normally be considered as being in the same category as for pumps. That is 200#/nominal inch limitation for steel and 50#/nominal inch limitation for aluminum or cast iron nozzles.In any case where the vendor limits forces and moments to NEMA Standard SM 20 the stress analyst and design supervisor should be notified immediately so that steps may be taken to remove the note from the vendor's drawings. In cases where compliance isStress sketch requirements are similar to those on pumps.

Centrifugal Compressors:

GLOSSARY OF STRESS TERMSCHARTS AND TABLES

0002502041.PDFPlant Arrangement - Pipeway Layout - Allowable Pipe SpansAuthorization

0002502600 02-11-00.PDFExchangers - TEMA NomenclatureAuthorization

0002502601 02-11-00.PDFExchangers - Equipment Location & Piping Layout - Shell & Tube Heat ExchangersAuthorization

0002509823.pdfCoefficient Of Expansion TablesAttachments01. Linear Thermal Expansion Of Metals

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0002502220 02-11-00.pdfStress Design - Sketch ProcedureAttachments01. Responsibilities & Activity Descriptions

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0002502221 02-11-00.pdfStress Design - Sketch InformationAttachments01. Stress Sketch Example02. Flare Isometric Example

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0002509822.pdfProperties Of PipeAttachments01. Properties of Pipe02. Modulus of Elasticity for Ferrous Material03. Modulus of Elasticity of Nonferrous Material

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0002509815.PDFDimensional Chart Line Spacing - PipeAuthorization

Figure #1-160002502230 02-11-00.pdfStress Design - Layout Aids For Rotating EquipmentAttachments01. Pumps - Normal Case02. Pumps - Variation Case03. Turbines - Normal & Common Variation04. Centrifugal Compressor05. Example: How to determine pipelength required for flexible pump layout06. Nomograph Application - North-South Expansion07. Nomograph Application - East-West Expansion08. Nomograph Application - Vertical Direction09. Nomograph A (For Flexibility Based on PIping Force)

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0002502040.pdfPlant Arrangement - Typical Unit Plot ArrangementAttachments01. Unit Plot Arrangement02. Section Thru Pipeway, Standard Arrangements03. Space Allocation At Support Columns

0002502154 02-11-00.PDFPiping Standard Drawings - Hanger RodsAuthorization

Figure #1-66Figure #1-790002502352 02-11-00.PDFPumps & Turbines - Pump Piping (Steam) Turbines & Reciprocating PumpsAuthorization

0002502602 02-11-00.PDFExchangers - Forced Draft & Induced Draft Air Cooler ArrangementsAuthorization

Figure #1-870002502210 02-11-00.pdfStress Design - ResponsibilitiesAuthorization

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