NOMENCLATURE

BAN DHMO!The Invisible Killer

Dihydrogen monoxide is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and kills uncounted thousands of people every year. Most of these deaths are caused by accidental inhalation of DHMO, but the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide do not end there. Prolonged exposure to its solid form causes severe tissue damage. Symptoms of DHMO ingestion can include excessive sweating,bloated feeling, nausea, vomiting and electrolyte imbalance. For those who have become dependent, DHMO withdrawal means certain death.

BAN DHMO!Dihydrogen monoxide: is also known as hydroxyl acid, and is the

major component of acid rain. contributes to the "greenhouse effect." may cause severe burns. contributes to the erosion of our natural

landscape. may cause electrical failures and decreased

effectiveness of automobile brakes. has been found in excised tumors of terminal

cancer patients

BAN DHMO!Contamination Is Reaching Epidemic Proportions! Quantities of dihydrogen monoxide have

been found in almost every stream, lake, and reservoir in America today. But the pollution is global, and the contaminant has even been found in Antarctic ice. DHMO has caused millions of dollars of property damage in the midwest, and recently California.

BAN DHMO!Despite the danger, DHMO is often used: as an industrial solvent and coolant. in nuclear power plants. in the production of styrofoam. in many forms of cruel animal research. in the distribution of pesticides. Even after washing,

produce remains contaminated by this chemical. as an additive in certain "junk-foods" and other food

products. Companies dump waste DHMO into rivers and the

ocean, and nothing can be done to stop them because this practice is still legal. The impact on wildlife is extreme, and we cannot afford to ignore it any longer!

BAN DHMO!The Horror Must Be Stopped! The American government has refused to

ban the production, distribution, or use of this damaging chemical due to its "importance to the economic health of this nation." In fact, the navy and other military organizations are conducting experiments with DHMO, and designing multi-billion dollar devices to control and utilize it during warfare situations. Hundreds of military research facilities receive tons of it through a highly sophisticated underground distribution network. Many store large quantities for later use.

It's Not Too Late! Act NOW to prevent further contamination.

Find out more about this dangerous chemical. What you don't know can hurt you and others throughout the world.

WHAT DO YOU THINK??? A DHMO processing plant is about to be

built near North Thurston High School and our neighborhoods.

How do you feel about this?

What would you say to a city official if you could voice your opinion?

Should this processing plant go into construction, why or why not?

NOMENCLATURE

THE NAME OF COMPOUNDS ARE VERY IMPORTANT!

Because they tell you what is in that compound!

HOW DO I KNOW THE ION FORMED BY VARIOUS ELEMENTS? The periodic table group numbers signify the

number of valence electrons members of that group each have.

The valence electron number will indicate whether or not that element/group will lose or gain electrons, and how many Groups 1-3 and the transition elements lose

electrons to become positive ions Groups 5-7 gain electrons to become negative

ions Group 4 and 8 do not form ions

THE PERIODIC TABLE AS A USEFUL TOOL

NAMING BASICS: IONIC COMPOUNDSBasic ionic compounds are formed

between a metal and a nonmetalMetals: groups 1, 2, 13, Nonmetals: primarily groups 15,

16, & 17

To name them: Cation + Anion + ideCation: positive ionAnion: negative ionNa + Cl = Sodium Chloride

DETERMINING THE MOLECULAR FORMULA OF AN IONIC COMPOUND AND NAMING Subscripts are used to indicate the

number of each element needed in order to have a neutral compound

For example:Na + Cl = NaCl (+1, -1 equals zero)Mg + Br = MgBr2 (+2, -1, -1 equals

zero

In ionic bonding subscripts do not affect the how a compound is named.

COMPOUND WITH POLYATOMIC IONS Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms that act

together as one unit

COMPOUNDS WITH POLYATOMIC IONS When naming compounds with

polyatomic ions, use the name of the polyatomic ion without a suffix

For example: K2S = Potassium sulfide while K3PO4 = Potassium phosphate

In the example above, the rules for determining subscripts remains the same: the goal is for the compound to be neutral (no electrical charge)

K = +1 charge, PO4 = -3 charge and so I will need three K+ ions to bond with one PO4 polyatomic ion in order to reach an electrical charge of zero (neutral

COMPOUNDS WITH ELEMENTS THAT FORM MORE THAN ONE TYPE OF ION (MULTIPLE CHARGES)

When naming a compound containing an element that can form more than one type of ion, a Roman numeral is used to indicate the charge of that ion in that particular compound

Copper (II) Oxide: Copper has a +2 charge, and therefore the formula will be CuO

Copper (I) Oxide: Copper has a +1 charge and therefore the formula will be Cu2O

COMMON TRANSITION ELEMENTS WITH MORE THAN ONE ION FORMATION

NAMING COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ONLY NONMETALS When nonmetals combine, the naming

system is different. Because you cannot necessarily use the

charge to indicate the quantities of each atom in the compound, the name must indicate the amounts using standard prefixes: mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, and deca

The last element ends in -ide The only time a prefix is not used is for

the first element of the name when there is only one of that element in the compound. CO carbon monoxide N2O4 dinitrogen tetraoxide

WHEN YOU HAVE AN H IN THE BEGINNING OF A CHEMICAL FORMULA If your chemical formula begins with an

Hydrogen, you then have an ACID.

Begin with the prefix Hydro………

Then if it has only one other element name the element with an ending of -ic and acid

An example is HCl Hydrochloric acid

DETERMINING THE MOLECULAR FORMULA OF AN IONIC COMPOUND Compounds are by definition neutral. When

combining ions to form an ionic compound, the overall charge of the compound must equal zero

Subscripts are used to indicate the number of each element needed in order to have a neutral compound

For example: Na + Cl = NaCl (+1, -1 equals zero) Mg + Br = MgBr2 (+2, -1, -1 equals zero)