noise polltion(2)

8/7/2019 Noise Polltion(2)

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FOUNDATION COURSE II

PROJECT

NAME & ROLL NO:

VINITA - 271

KASHMIRA - 272

MANALI KOTWANI - 273

ASHWINI - 275

STANDARD : S.Y. B.COM

DIVISION: C

TOPIC: NOISE POLLUTION

SUMITTED TO: PROF. MANI IYER


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INDEX

INDRODUCTION

CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION

EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION

M EASURES TTO CONTROL NOISE

POLLUTION

B IB LOGRAPHY


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INTRODUCTION

y What is noise?In simple terms, noise is unwanted sound. Sound is a form of energy which is emitted by a

Vibrating body and on reaching the ear causes the sensation of hearing through nerves.

Sounds produced by all vibrating bodies are not audible. The frequency limits of audibility

rre from 20 HZ to 20,000 HZ

A noise problem generally consists of three inter-related elements- the source, the

receiver and the transmission path. This transmission

path is usually the atmosphere

through which the sound is propagated, but can include

the structural materials of any

building containing the receiver.

Noise may be continuous or intermittent. Noise

may be of high frequency or of low

frequency which is undesired for a normal hearing. For

example, the typical cry of a child

produces sound, which is mostly unfavorable to normal hearing. Since it is unwanted

sound, we call it noise.

The discrimination and differentiation between sound and noise also depends upon the

habit and interest of the person/species receiving it, the

ambient conditions and impact of

the sound generated during that particular duration of time. There could be instances that,

excellently rendered musical concert for example, may

be felt as noise and exceptional

music as well during the course of the concert!


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y What is noise pollution?

Noise pollution is a category of energy pollution in which off-putting, infuriating, or harmful

sounds are

without restraint capable of being heard. As with other

forms of energy pollution such as heat and light

pollution, noise pollution contaminants are not

substantial particles, but to a certain extent waves that

get in the way with naturally-occurring waves of

similar type in the same surroundings. Thus, the

explanation of noise pollution is open to dispute, and

there is no clear boundary as to which sounds may add up to noise pollution.

In the narrowest common sense, sounds are well thought-out noise pollution if they

unfavorably have an effect on natural world, human activity, or are competent of destructive

physical structures on a customary, repeating starting point. In the broadest sense of the

expression, a sound may be painstaking noise pollution if it disturbs any ordinary course of action or causes human harm, even if the sound does not take place on a habitual basis.

Prolonged introduction to noise levels higher than eighty-five decibels can damage inner ear

cells and show the way to hearing loss

The customary starting place of fake noise pollution is from transportation. In rural areas,

train and airplane noise can upset natural world

way of life, thereby affecting the manner in

which animals in areas around train tracks andairports hunt and mate. In urban areas,

automobile, motorcycle, and even amusement

noise can cause sleep interference in humans and

animals, hearing loss, heart disease as a result of


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stress, and in ruthless cases even mental flux. Even low levels of noise can be maddening or

annoying. Sudden increases in volume can make sounds aggravating this is why sirens are so

disturbing. The quieter the environment, the sharper a noise can be. As noise levels have risen,

the sound effects of noise have become plainer as the nose on your face.

Although most urbanized nations have government agencies in charge for the safeguard

of the ambiance, no nation has a single body that regulates noise pollution. Transportation noise

is more often than not regulated by the related transportation ministry, health-related work noise

is often keeping pace by health ministries and workers unions, and entertainment noise such as

loud music is a against the law crime in many areas. As the bodies to blame for noise pollution

reduction usually view noise as an annoyance rather than a trouble, and dropping that noise time

and again hurts the industry economically, little is at present being done to trim down noise pollution in urbanized countries.


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CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION

Noise pollution like other pollutants is also a by- product of industrialization, urbanizations

and modern civilization.

B roadly speaking, the noise pollution has two sources, i.e. industrial and non- industrial. The

industrial source includes the noise from various industries and big machines working at a very

high speed and high noise intensity. Non- industrial source of noise includes the noise created by

transport/vehicular traffic and the neighborhood noise generated by various noise pollution can

also be divided in the categories, namely, natural and manmade. M ost leading noise sources will

fall into the following categories: roads traffic, aircraft, railroads, construction, industry, noise in

buildings, and consumer products

R oad Traffic NoiseIn the city, the main sources of traffic noise are the

motors and exhaust system of autos , smaller trucks,

buses, and motorcycles.This type of noise can beaugmented by narrow streets and tall buildings, which

produce a canyon in which traffic noise reverberates.

A ir Craft Noise

Now-a-days , the problem of low flying military

aircraft has added a

new dimension to community annoyance, as the nation

seeks to improve its nap-of the- earth aircraft operations

over national parks, wilderness areas , and other areas

previously unaffected by aircraft noise has claimed


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national attention over recent years.

Noise From R ailroads

The noise from locomotive engines, horns and whistles, and switching and shuntingoperation in rail yards can impact neighboring communities and railroad workers. For example,

rail car

retarders can produce a high frequency, high level screech that can reach peak levels of 120 d B

at a distance of 100 feet, which translates to levels as high as 138, or 140 d B at the railroad

workers ear.

Construction Noise

The noise from the construction of highways, city

streets, and buildings is a major contributor to the

urban scene. Construction noise sources include

pneumatic hammers, air compressors, bulldozers,

loaders, dump trucks (and their back-up signals), and

pavement breakers.

Noise In IndustryAlthough industrial noise is one of the less prevalent community

noise problems, neighbors of noisy manufacturing plants can be disturbed by sources such as

fans, motors, and compressors mounted on the outside of

buildings Interior noise can also be

transmitted to the community through open windows and

doors, and even through building walls. These interior noisesources have significant impacts on industrial workers;

among whom noise induced hearing loss is unfortunately

common.


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Noise In BuildingApartment dwellers are often annoyed by noise in their homes, especially when the building

is not well designed and constructed. In this case, internal building noise from plumbing, boilers,

generators, air conditioners, and fans, can be audible and annoying. Improperly insulated walls

and ceilings can reveal the soundof-amplified music, voices, footfalls and noisy activities from

neighboring units.

Noise From Consumer ProductsCertain household equipment, such as vacuum cleaners and some kitchen appliances have

been and continue to be noisemakers, although their contribution to the daily noise dose is

usually not very large

Noise Due To FestivalsThere are numerous types of festivals in the

world. Though many have religious origins, others

involve seasonal change or have some cultural

significance. Like Diwali, Holi, Ganesh Utsav etc

which now a day has lead to rise in the level of noise

pollution. In Diwali the use of fire crackers, in Holi

and Ganesh Utsav use of loud speakers which are

very harmful for children, senior citizens and also

pregnant women and leads to many harmful accidents.

O ther Causes

The boilers, plumbing equipment, air conditioners, generators and fans contribute to noise pollution to some extent. Noise created by people in public places too is a major contributor

amongst different sources. Loudspeakers used in public places are responsible for creating noise

of a high degree/amplitude.


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EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION

Noise Pollution Effects on Human Noise pollution effects on human health is a matter

of great concern. The reason being the adverse

consequences that high noise levels have on human

health. Noise pollution can affect us in several ways,

some of which are listed below:

Hearing Problems: Exposure to noise can damage one of the most vital organs

of the body, the ear. Hearing impairment due to noise pollution can either be temporary or permanent. When the

sound level crosses the 70d B mark, it becomes noise for the

ear. Noise levels above 80 decibels produce damaging effects

to the ear. When ear is exposed to extreme loud noise (above

100 decibels) for a considerable period of time, it can cause

irreparable damage and lead to permanent hearing loss

Cardiovascular Issues: A noisy environment can be a source of heart related problems. Studies have shown that high

intensity sound cause a dramatic rise in blood pressure as noise levels constrict the arteries,

disrupting the blood flow. The heart rate (the number of heart beats per minute) also increase.

These sudden abnormal changes in the blood increase the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases


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in the long run.

S leep Disturbances: This is one of the noise pollution effects that can deter

your overall well being. Noise can interrupt a good night's

sleep, and when this occurs, the person feels extremely

annoyed and uncomfortable. People deprived of

uninterrupted sleep show a sharp dip in their energy levels

which often results into extreme fatigue. This can

considerably decrease a person's ability to work efficiently.

Interference in Verbal Communication: A noisy environment that produces more than 50-60 decibels simply does not allow 2 people

to communicate properly. Interpreting the speech of a second person becomes quite difficult and

may lead to misunderstandings.

M ental Health Problems: Exposure to loud sound can lead to elevated stress levels

as well as stimulate violent behavior. A constant noise in

the vicinity can also trigger headaches, make people tense

and anxious, and disturb emotional balance.

A bortion is caused There should be cool and calm atmosphere during the pregnancy. Unpleasant sounds make a

lady of irritative nature. Sudden Noise causes abortion in females.


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Noise Pollution Effects on A nimals M an made noise pollution has made the Earth an uncomfortable place to stay for animals as

well. Hearing loss and rapid increase in heart rate are some of the ill-effects of noise

pollution on animals. High intensity sound induces fear, forcing them to abandon their

habitat. Other effects of noise on animals is given below:

y Anxious behavior in animals is commonly observed in the form of trembling when they

are exposed to high decibel levels. Intolerable noise levels can decrease a cow's capacity

of milk production. These animals require a calm and relaxed environment to provide a

better milk yield.

y Research has proven that aircraft induced noise is

responsible for a significant decrease in reproduction

activity in a wide range of animals. Noise pollution effects

can also be seen on chicken in the form of a sharp drop in

egg production. Stunted growth in chickens due to intense

noise has also been observed.

y Underwater animals such as whales and dolphins

too experience discomfort due to noise pollution caused by

submarines, shipping companies, and sonars.

y B irds in urban areas, that use their sharp hearing

abilities to hunt prey, are at loss due to intervention of manmade noise. High noise levels

can also negatively affect the breeding and feeding patterns of some animals. This is one

of the reasons why certain species have become extinct.

y Sea animals produce varying sound levels among each other. However, the noise of

commercial ships does not allow these animals to communicate properly, which can

wreak havoc on their reproductive function. Sonar navy tests can hurt the whale's ear andreduce its ability to breed and feed.


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The Effect O f Noise O n The EnvironmentIn nature, noise causes many adverse effects on animals - here's some examples:

y B irds in a city need to call longer and louder than their country counterpartsy B irds that rely on hearing to help locate prey are seriously disadvantaged by

anthropogenic (human) noise

y Noise disturbs feeding and breeding patterns of some animals and has been identified as a

contributing factor of the extinction of some species.

y Aircraft noise and sonic booms have been implicated as a cause of lowered reproduction

in a variety of animals.

y M ilitary sonar has been responsible for

the deaths of possibly thousands of

dolphins and whales. Even outboard

motor noise can confuse some whales

and dolphins

y In dairy cows, excessive noise reduces

feed consumption, milk yield, and rate

of milk release

y Noise causes increased incidence of

miscarriages in caribou

y Intense noise can affect growth of

chickens and egg production

y Canaries can suffer hearing damage at relatively low decibel levels if the noise is

sustained

y Noise has also been showing to have a detrimental effect on the growth of some plants


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M EASURES TO CONTROL NOISE

POLLUTIONThe noise pollution can be controlled at the source of generation itself by employing Techniques

like-

R educing The Noise Levels From Domestic S ectors:

The domestic noise coming from radio, tape recorders, television sets, mixers, washing

machines, cooking operations can be minimized by their

selective and judicious operation. B y usage of carpets or any

absorbing material, the noise generated from felling of items in

house can be minimized.

M aintenance O f A utomobiles: Regular servicing and tuning of vehicles will reduce the noise

levels. Fixing of silencers to automobiles, two wheelers etc., will reduce the noise levels.

Control O ver Vibrations: The vibrations of materials may be controlled using proper foundations, rubber padding etc. to

reduce the noise levels caused by vibrations. Low voice

speaking: Speaking at low voices enough for communication

reduces the excess noise levels.


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Prohibition O n Usage O f Loud

S peakers:

B y not permitting the usage of loudspeakers in the habitant zones except for important meetings /

functions. Now-a-days, the urban Administration of the metro cities in India is becoming

stringent on usage of loudspeakers.

S election O f M achinery: Optimum selection of machinery tools or equipment reduces excess noise levels. For example

selection of chairs or selection of certain machinery/equipment which generate less noise

(Sound) due to its superior technology etc. is also an important factor in noise minimization

strategy.

M aintenance O f M achines:

Proper lubrication and maintenance of machines, vehicles etc. will reduce noise levels. For example, it is a common experience that, many parts of a vehicle will become loose while on a

rugged path of journey. If these loose parts are not properly fitted, they will generate noise and

cause annoyance to the driver/passenger. Similarly is the case of machines. Proper handling and

regular maintenance is essential not only for noise control but also to improve the life of

machine.

Car

Alarms:

The service is empowered to break into vehicles to

disarm defective alarms and also to remove the

vehicles to a safe place where necessary. The costs

involved will be recovered from the owner of the


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vehicle. The owners details are obtained from DVLA.

Precautions During Festivals:

y Crackers producing noise should not be burst between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m.

y Crackers which bear the Supreme Court instructions and noise pollution levels alone

should be purchased.

y Wear earplugs when going to rock concerts or fireworks exhibits. Earplugs, properly

worn, can reduce noise by 15 to 30 decibels.

y Prohibit setting of crackers in the silence zones (that is the areas within 100 meters of

hospitals, educational institutions, courts and religious

places).

y In case of ear trauma, it is advisable not to instill any

eardrop, nor try to clean the ear by oneself or by

untrained personnel.

y B an fire-crackers with a decibel level of more than

100 at a distance of 4 meters from the bursting point.

y Protect your children by avoiding loud noise. M inor damage at a young age can lead to

major hearing loss.

y Noise from a firecracker, even at what might seem to be a safe distance, can lead to

hearing loss in just minutes. Hearing loss come side effects such as balance problems,

permanent ringing in the ears and headaches.

y Please refrain from buying fire crackers which exceeded prescribed noise limit.

y People should make this festival clean, green and healthy

y Pledge cracker-free Diwali and motivate your friends and relatives to promote No

Crackers campaign and save environment.


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Controlling Noise Pollution by Planting Trees The modern lifestyle and workforce has gotten many of us to stay in the urban area. B uses,trains, cars, bulldozerswe get to hear any type of noises. This is called urbanization. M ost of us

would prepare a quiet place to live in but we can\t as our work forces us to be in towns rather than a quiet and warm countryside.

After a long day\s work, a quiet moment is all we need. Since many of us can\t afford to buildsoundproof walls, the next best alternative is to plant trees. Planting trees is way better thananything else and going green is the best way to live in today\s age of modern technology.

This method is very suitable for homes with sufficient garden lawn. B ut be patient with thegrowth of trees as it\s not an overnight process but you\ll them once you start.

These are what you need to consider when purchasing your favorite trees:

y The volume of bushes

Plant trees with leaves that have thick volume so that some of the nearby noise especially fromthe traffic will be absorbed. B esides that, leaves like these are most likely able to withstand thedust from retarding the growth.

y Tree roots

You need strong roots trees so that they won\ttumble on the ground when storm or strong windhits. B ut at the same time, make sure that youtrees won\t have their roots crawling under thecompound where your house is built on or elseyou will be facing structural complications later on when the trees mature.

Now, the job doesnt\t stops here. Trees are likehumans. They need nutrition to remain strong andto continue growing luscious leaves or else all youwill get are dry branches. So, remember to takecare of your trees by feeding them with fertilizersand daily watering. B y taking care of your trees,they in return will take care of the noise pollutionand also provide valuable oxygen for your household freshness.


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There, you have it now, your own sense of peace and quietness. No more disturbing, no moredisturbances and that\s how peace feels like!

noise polltion(2)

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