nofly. compatibility with natural enemies · 2014-04-02 · ecoletter #9 07.02.2014 compatibility...
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ECOLETTER Regular publication of trials
testing the effectiveness and properties of the products of
Futureco Bioscience.
#9 07.02.2014. Compatibility tests of the agrobiological insecticide NOFLY with natural enemies.
Lara, JM and Fernández, C
IntroductionThe bio- insecticide NOFLY WP, whose active ingredient is based on spores of the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosoroseus (formerly Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) strain FE9901, has a range of action that includes sucking insects such as whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Bemisia tabaci, Aleurodicus dispersus and Lecanoideus floccissimus, thrips and aphids. NOFLY is applied to prevent and control pests affecting solanaceous crops (tomato and pepper), cucurbits and ornamentals.
In this Ecoletter some tests results are collected to show that NOFLY is harmless to the natural enemies of agricultural pests. It was previously demonstrated that NOFLY supports both conventional insecticides and pesticides such as biological fungicides. Reducing insect pest populations and the possibility of combining both natural enemies and plant protection chemicals makes NOFLY an ideal product to be included in programs of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), resulting in a better quality of the crop for the farmer.
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Materials and MethodsTrials were performed according to the guidelines of the IOBC/OILB (OPPTS 885.4530, OPPTS 885.001) to evaluate the effects of the application of plant protection products on non-target arthropods, following GLP/GEP rules and under laboratory conditions on the species: Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus mundus, Amblyseius swirskii, Orius laevigatus and Macrolophus calignousus and of semi-field conditions for the species Orius laevigatus and Macrolophus calignousus.
ResultsTable 1. Effect of NOFLY on the parasitoids Encarsia formosa and Eretmocerus mundus.
Species Product % Mortality % Corrected Mortality % Parasitism reduction
Encarsia formosa
Control (C) 3,8 ± 2,39 a - -Encarsia formosa
Cipermethrin 77,5 ± 3,73 b - 58,7 ± 1,88 aEncarsia formosa
Nofly 0,0 ± 0,0 a -3,95 ± 1,01 11,4 ± 4,71 b
Eretmocerus mundus
Control (C) 11,3 ± 3,15 a - -Eretmocerus
mundusDeltamethrin 52,5 ± 5,53 b - 74,7 ± 4,38 aEretmocerus
mundusNofly 16,3 ± 4,27 a 5,6 ± 3,87 41,7 ± 6,09 b
Table 2. Effect of NOFLY on the predator Amblyseius swirskii.
Parameter Product Day 1Day 1 Day 3Day 3 Day 7Day 7
% EclosionControl (C) 40 ± 5,5 a40 ± 5,5 a 50 ± 10,5 a50 ± 10,5 a 50 ± 9,0 a50 ± 9,0 a
% Eclosion Dimethoate 0 ± 0 b0 ± 0 b 0 ± 0 b0 ± 0 b 0 ± 0 b0 ± 0 b% EclosionNofly 25 ± 0 c25 ± 0 c 50 ± 0 a50 ± 0 a 50 ± 0 a50 ± 0 a
% Mortality
Product Nimfs Adults Nimfs Adults Nimfs Adults
% MortalityControl (C) 0 ± 0a 2,5 ± 2,5a 0 ± 0a 5 ± 3,5a 2,5 ± 1,5a 5 ± 3,5a
% MortalityDimethoate 41,5 ± 8,5b61,5 ± 14b 79 ± 4,0b 90 ± 4,5b 100 ± 0b 90 ± 4,5b
% Mortality
Nofly 1,5±1,5a 0 ± 0a 1,5 ± 1,5 a 2,5 ± 2a 2,5 ± 2,5a 2,5 ± 2 a
Table 3. Effect of NOFLY on the parasitoid Orius laevigatus.
% Mortality in adults% Mortality in adults% Mortality in adults% Mortality in adults% Mortality in adults% Mortality in adultsTime Day 2Day 2 Day 7Day 7 Day 9Day 9
Stage N1
N4
N1
N4
N1
N4
Control (C) 6,9±1,39a 0±0a 13,9±1,39a 6,9±2.78a 16,7±4,17a 8,3 ± 2,41aDeltamethrin 95,8±4,17b 36,1±6,94b 100 ±0b 91,7±2,41b 100 ± 0b 95,8± 2,4bAtominal 10 EC 9,37±1,39ac 0±0a 23,6±5,01a 9,7±1,39a 31,9±8,45a 19,4± 9,11aNofly 16,7 ±2,41a 0±0a 98,6±1,39b 45,8±6,36b 100 ± 0b 75 ± 8,67b% M corrected N1: 100% , N4: 73,2%
Fig 2. Compatibility tests on natural enemies in lab conditions.
Fig 1. Pest or target organisms on which NOFLY is effective. By order up to down and left to right: Larvae of Bemisia tabaci, adult whitefly, larva of aphid, aphid and thrip.
ECOLETTER #9 07.02.2014 Compatibility tests of the agrobiological insecticide NOFLY with natural enemies
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Table 4. Effect of NOFLY on the parasitoid Macrolophus caliginosus.
% Mortality in adults% Mortality in adults% Mortality in adults% Mortality in adults% Mortality in adults% Mortality in adultsTime Day 2Day 2 Day 7Day 7 Day 9Day 9Stage N
1 N
4 N
1 N
4 N
1 N
4
Control (C) 1,4±1,39a 1,4±1,39a 8,3±2,41a 6,9±2.78a 13,9±1,39a 4,2 ± 2,41aDeltametrin 33,3±8,67b 2,8±2,78a 44,4 ±7,35b 91,7±2,41a 55,6± 7,35b 2 ± 1,33aAtominal 10 EC 6,9±2,78ab 0±0a 11,1±2,78a 9,7±1,39a 20,8± 0c 4,2 ± 2,41aNofly 4,2 ±2,41a 0±0a 40,3±5,01b 45,8±6,36b 75 ± 2,41d 94,4± 3,67b% M corrected N1: 70,9% , N4: 94,1%
Table 5. Effect of NOFLY on the parasitoids Orius laevigatus and Macrolophus caliginosus.
% Mortality in adults% Mortality in adults% Mortality in adults% Mortality in adultsSpecies Product Day 1 Day 2 Day 7
Orius laevigatusControl (C) 0 ± 0a 5 ± 2a 5 ± 2a
Orius laevigatus Dimetoato 58 ± 6b 62 ± 7b 65 ± 6bOrius laevigatusNofly 0 ± 0a 5 ± 3a 7 ± 4a
Macrolophus caliginosus
Control (C) 3 ± 2a 8 ± 4a 15 ± 4aMacrolophus caliginosus
Dimetoato 65 ± 6b 65 ± 6b 65 ± 6bMacrolophus caliginosus
Nofly 2 ± 2a 5 ± 3a 10 ± 4a
Table 6. Resume of the compatibility of NOFLY with natural enemies.
Species Stage Test conditions NotesEncarsia formosa Adults Laboratory HarmlessEretmocerus mundus Adults Laboratory Harmless
Macrolophus caliginosusLarva N1 Laboratory Slightly toxic
Macrolophus caliginosus Larva N4 Laboratory ToxicMacrolophus caliginosusAdults Semi-field Harmless
Orius laevigatusLarva N1 Laboratory Toxic
Orius laevigatus Larva N4 Laboratory Slightly toxicOrius laevigatusAdults Semi-field Harmless
Amblyseius swirskiiEggs Laboratory Harmless
Amblyseius swirskii Larvae Laboratory HarmlessAmblyseius swirskiiAdults Laboratory Harmless
NOFLY was totally safe under laboratory conditions (worse case scenario) when evaluated on Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus mundus and Amblyseius swiski.
For Macrolophus caliginosus and Amblyseius swirskii, given its toxic or slightly toxic effect under laboratory conditions, exposure tests with NOFLY were subsequently performed in semi-field conditions (more realistic than laboratory conditions) resulting equally innocuous. These results agree with previous studies with this formulation (Sorribas & Ornat, 2003) that observed, under field conditions, that populations of Macrolophus caliginosus and Encarsia formosa, exposed to applications of NOFLY, did not decrease compared to the untreated controls.
The results described are consistent with the absence in the literature of cases of epidemics caused by strains of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus on beneficial insects.
ConclusionsNo adverse effects of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus strain FE9901 (NOFLY WP) on non-target organisms evaluated in laboratory and semi-field conditions where observed. This bioinsectide has demonstrated a very low toxicity profile, resulting in a product entirely appropriate for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs to support biological control by natural enemies of whiteflies such as Macrolophus, Encarsia formosa, Orius laevigatus, Eretmocerus mundus, Phytoseiulus persimilis and Amblyseius swiskii.
Fig 4. Commercial product NOFLY WP
This trials were performed by standarized and official laboratories for the registration of
bioinsecticides and its commercialization in the European Union.
For more information about this publication, please contact:
For more information about NOFLY, please contact:
Futureco Bioscience SA, Avenida del Cadí 19-23
Sant Pere Molanta 08799Olèrdola (Barcelona)
Spain
Fig 3. Compatibility tests in semi-field conditions: Orius laevigatus and Macrolophus
calignousus