nobel prize in physics 2011
DESCRIPTION
Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. Saul Perlmutter Supernova Cosmology Project Berkeley, USA. “for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae”. Brian P. Schmidt High-z Supernova Search Team Weston Creek, Australia. SN 1006 : - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Nobel Prize in Physics 2011
Saul PerlmutterSupernova Cosmology ProjectBerkeley, USA
Brian P. SchmidtHigh-z Supernova Search TeamWeston Creek, Australia
Adam G. RiessHigh-z Supernova Search TeamBaltimore, USA
“for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae”
David Blaschke, IFT Seminar, Wroclaw University, 9.12.2011
SN 1006 :Remnant of Supernova Type Ia
Cosmic Dynamics
Standard Candles ...
Cepheids (... 29 Mpc)(period - luminosity)
Tully-Fisher relation (... 50 Mpc)(galaxy rotation - luminosity)
Supernovae Ia ( > 1000 Mpc)(unique lightcurve peak luminosity)
The Cosmic Distance Ladder
1 Mpc = 3.26 million ly = 3.085 1022 m
Luminosity distance dL:
(L – absolute; l - apparent)
The Strategy
Supernovae Typ Iaas standard candles
The picture of a galaxy
Supernova 1995ar (red arrow) shines as bright as a galaxy
White dwarf star accretes mass from a companion star ...
At 1.4 M_solar the white dwarf explodes in a supernova type Ia
Type Ia ? The lightcurve decides!
The same galaxy, three weeks later.
Supernovae Typ Iaas standard candles
The picture of a galaxy
Supernova 1995ar (red arrow) shines as bright as a galaxy
The same galaxy, three weeks later.
Analysis Method
“Supernova on Demand”- sample thousands of Galaxies during new moon- observe same patches 3 weekslater: find dozens of SNe- for close-to-peak brightnessSNe start follow-up observationsOn world's largest
telescopes
The Result: 27 % Matter (4% Atoms, 23% Dark), 73% Vacuum (Dark) Energy
Independent Confirmation: Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Fluctuations
Independent Confirmation: Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Fluctuations
Independent Confirmation: Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Fluctuations
Summary of Results