no slide title · n mean min max cv% primary synthetics 43 498 143 954 37 bread wheats 7 571 336...

DEPARTMENT OFPRIMARY INDUSTRIES

E38T47290E41T4761XPSR119

LPSSRK02E08XCDO545

OSWLPSSRK13G12

LPSSRK15F05.2E41T47600

E35T59420LPSSRK08E02XPSR150

XRZ144XCDO99XR1394A

XBCD349E33T6270XCDO385.1

XC30aLPSSRK14F07LPSSRK10H05

LPSSRK14B01XPSR154E33T50405

E33T50120E33T6272

E33T62760E38T50244E41T47520

E33T62272LP1E38T50388

LPSSRK11E11E41T47300ACP/2

E41T50970LPSSRK14C07

E41T47395

LG7

IVVD

MD

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DM

D-H

A-2002C

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DM

D-H

B-2002IM

IVVD

MD

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DF-H

A-2002IM

ND

F-HA

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ND

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DF-H

B-2002C

IM EST-M

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EST-M

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A-2002C

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-putative-99CIMWSC

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Synthetic Wheat ProjectLivinus Emebiri

Biosciences Research Division, Department of Primary Industries


2

Project focus is to increase genetic diversity by exploiting natural genetic variation in synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHW) to improve productivity in Australia

Introduction and multiplication

Phenotyping

Crossing Information distribution

A total of 422 CIMMYT SHW have been imported into Australia, 252 from 2001-2005 through Prof. R Trethowan and 170 from 1996-1998 by DPI Vic-Horsham


3

Summary of phenotypic data

Understanding the genetic basis

Genetic analysis of T. dicoccoides

Our approach is to characterize and evaluate the SHW for abiotic and biotic stresses and to transfer novel alleles into adapted cultivars


4

Phenotypic evaluation

1. Cereal cyst nematode

2. Yellow leaf spot

3. Crown rot

4. Stagonospora nodorum

5. Septoria tritici

6. Rust

7. Pre-harvest sprouting

8. Glutenin

9. Salinity tolerance

10. Boron tolerance

11. Aluminium tolerance

Expert assessment:Dr John Thompson (QDPI)Dr Sharon Taylor (SARDI)Dr Andrew Milgate (NSW DPI)Dr Minisha Shankar (DAWA)Dr Harbans Bariana (USyd Cobbity)Dr Geoffrey Cornish (SARDI)Dr Graham Wildermuth (QDPI)Mr Mark McLean (Vic DPI)Dr Matt Davies (USyd Cobbity)Dr Harsh Raman (NSW DPI)Dr Daryl Mares (Uni Adelaide)Dr TN Raju (USyd Cobbity)Dr Robert Loughman (DAWA)Dr Hugh Wallwork (SARDI)


5

Summary of findingsCereal cyst nematode: 55 of

270 SHW were resistant

Septoria tritici: 95 of 122 SHW were resistant

Stagonospora nodorum(Seedling): 11 of 102 SHW were resistant

R M S0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Cereal cyst nematode

R M S0

20

40

60

80

100

R M S0

20

40

60

80

R M S0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Septoria tritici leaf blotch

Stagnospora nodorum (Seedling)

Stagnospora nodorum (Adult)

Stagonospora nodorum(Adult): 31 of 102 SHW

were resistant


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256 SHW lines evaluated5 R to 6 diseases 12 R to 5 43 R to 460 R to 349 R to 227 R to 1

LeafRust

Stem Rust

Cereal Cyst Nematode

Septoria spp

Stripe Rust

Multiple Disease Resistance

SHW ResistanceAUS30264 SN (seedling & adult), S. tritici, YLS, CR, P. thornei, Rust (stem & Stripe)

AUS30290 CCN, SN (seedling & adult), YLS, CR, P. thornei, Rust (leaf & Stem)

AUS30294 CCN, SN (seedling & adult), S. tritici, P. neglectus, YLS, Rust (Stem)

AUS30295 CCN, SN (seedling, adult & leaf), S. tritici, P. neglectus, YLS, rust (stem)

AUS30299 CCN, SN (seedling & adult), S. tritici, YLS, crown rot, rust (leaf)

Ogbonnaya et al. (2008). AJAR (Special issue: Synthetic Wheat), vol. 59, no. 5


7


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Salinity tolerance in primary synthetics

Syn-40 had a significantly lower Na+conc. than known check Westonia and the highest K+/Na+ discrimination

n Mean Min Max CV%

Primary Synthetics 43 498 143 954 37

Bread Wheats 7 571 336 858 34

Na+ concentration

(μmol g-1) Durum 2 1225 1085 1365 16

Primary Synthetics 43 2.6 0.9 10 59

Bread Wheats 7 2.2 1.2 3.7 41 K+/Na+ratio Durum Wheats 2 1.0 0.9 1.1 18


9

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

% R

educ

tion

root

leng

th

Frame

Halberd

Meering

18 out of the 49 primary synthetic wheats were not significantly different from Frame

Boron tolerance in primary synthetics


10

7 out of the 89 SHW achieved a UPP value of 43.5% or higher


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Questions:Do the imported SHW

represent sources of new genes or sources of novel alleles for known genes?

Understanding the genetic basis


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Cereal cyst nematode

Characterisation of CCN resistance in primary synthetics using perfect markers

Au

s2

96

39

Au

s2

96

44

Au

s2

96

82

Au

s2

96

70

Au

s1

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94

Meeri

ng

VP1

62

0

Au

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96

70

Au

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39

Au

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44

Au

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96

82

Au

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95

Meeri

ng

VP1

62

0M19Cre1 marker Cre3sp marker

Cre1 – 2B Cre3 – 2D


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Salinity Tolerance in SHW is linked to HKT1/2locus on 7AL


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Characterization of wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 in SHW

STS marker: csLV34

27 out of 237 SHW carried the ‘b’ allele for csLV34


15

Genetic basis of phenotypesThe previous approach is good for characterising known genes and source of favourable alleles

Aim:

Feasibility of ASSOCIATION MAPPING as a tool for gene discovery


16

493 DArT Markers scored on 76 individuals

Map position is based on 9 populations (TRITICARTE)

150

100

50

0

Loca

tion

(cM

)

1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A

A genome

150

100

50

0

Loca

tion

(cM

)

1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A

A genome

150

100

50

0

1B 2B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

B genome

150

100

50

0

1B 2B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B

B genome

150

100

50

0

1D 2D 3D 4D 5D 6D 7D

D genome

150

100

50

0

1D 2D 3D 4D 5D 6D 7D

D genome


17

Phenotypic data on 59 SHW:

a) Flowering time

b) Stagnospora nodorum – Flag leaf

c) Stagnospora nodorum – Glume

d) Yellow leaf spot

e) Cereal cyst nematode

f) Glutenin


18

Comparison of LD for A, B and D genomes

LD extended up to 20 cM

Distance (cM)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

LD

(R

2)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

A Genome LD extends ~ 20 cM

Distance (cM)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

LD

(R

2)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

B Genome LD extends ~ 20 cM

Distance (cM)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

LD

(R

2)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2D Genome LD extends ~ 20 cM


19

Association Analysis – is an open field for biometricians

Used the R/QTL package to implement the HK regression model, with subpopulations fitted as an interactive covariate


20


21

Confirmation of QTL

Proof of allele function

Transfer to adapted background

Development of Near-isogenic lines

Genotyping with gene-based markers

QTL mapping

Use entirely different populations


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Contracted output

New synthetics based on novel alleles from AB (dicoccoides) and D progenitor species of wheat


23

Genome constitutions of CIMMYT synthetic ABD genome wheats

Synthetic wheat AABBDD

Does this exploit variation in all three,or only the D genome?

Broaden genetic base further

Durum wheatAABB

Aegilops tauschiiDD

X


24

Synthetic wheat AABBDD

Triticum dicoccoidesAABB

Aegilops tauschiiDD

X

Selected Aegilopstauschii lines with good GCA

Selected on the basis of molecular diversity


25

Molecular diversity of wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides)

Molecular markers

40 EST-derived primers from wheat

20 Barley EST primers

20 gwm SSR primers


26

AcknowledgementsFrancis Ogbonnaya – ICARDA

Marteen van Ginkel - ICARDA

Imtiaz Mohammed - ICARDA

Fernanda Dreccer - CSIRO

Researchers

Breeders

no slide title · n mean min max cv% primary synthetics 43 498 143 954 37 bread wheats 7 571 336...

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