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No RTW: Objective: Learn what makes up a coral reef and what types of factors affect its productivity. Agenda: Coral Seas Video & Questions (class set!) Homework: None Monday, January 12 th, 2015 Slide 2 Pg. 94 RTW: What causes coral bleaching? Objective: Learn what makes up a coral reef and what types of factors affect its productivity. Agenda: Energy in the Ecosystem notes (pg.95) Homework: None Tuesday, January 13 th, 2015 Slide 3 Energy in an Ecosystem Slide 4 Producers (autotrophs) Sunlight is the main energy source for life on earth Use light (photosynthesis) or chemical (chemosynthesis) energy to make food 1. Plants 2. plant-like protists (algae) 3. Bacteria Slide 5 Consumers (heterotrophs) Organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply Slide 6 Herbivoresobtain energy by eating only plants Carnivoreseat only animals Slide 7 Omnivoreseat both plants and animals Detritivores- eat dead organic matter. Decomposers- are detritivores that break down organic matter into simpler compounds. Slide 8 Feeding Interactions Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction from the sun to autotrophs (producers) and then to heterotrophs (consumers) Slide 9 Food Chainseries of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten Ex: grass cricket frog raccoon Slide 10 Food Webnetwork of food chains within an ecosystem Hawks WeaselsRaccoons Mice Grass Slide 11 Food Webs Slide 12 Trophic Levels each step in a food chain or food web 1. Level 1Producers (autotrophs) 2. Level 2Primary Consumers (herbivores) 3. Level 3Secondary Consumers (carnivores or omnivores) 4. Level 4Tertiary Consumers (carnivoreusually top carnivore) Slide 13 Make a hypothesis! (Write on the left side of your notebook) Which trophic level contains the most energy? Slide 14 Energy Pyramid shows relative amount of energy available at each trophic level 1. Organisms in a trophic level use the available energy for life processes (such as growth, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, metabolism, etc.)and release some energy as heat Slide 15 Rule of 10only about 10% of the available energy within a trophic level is transferred to the next higher trophic level Slide 16 Biomass Pyramid 100% 10% 1% 0.1% Biomass Pyramid represents the amount of living organic matter at each trophic level Slide 17 Represents amount of energy available at each level as well as amount of living tissue both decrease with each increasing trophic level Energy and Biomass Pyramid (together) Slide 18 Pg. 94 RTW: How much energy is transferred to the next level of a food chain? Objective: Learn what makes up a coral reef and what types of factors affect its productivity. Agenda: Word Sort Homework: None Wednesday, January 14 th, 2015 Slide 19 Pg. 94 RTW: Draw a food chain, whats your tertiary consumer? Objective: Learn what makes up a coral reef and what types of factors affect its productivity. Agenda: Ecosystem & Symbiotic Relationships (pg. 97) Homework: None Thursday, January 15 th, 2015 Slide 20 Organism An organism is an individual living thing, such as an alligator. Slide 21 Organism Population A population is a group of the same species that lives in one area. Slide 22 Organism Population Community A community is a group of different species that live together in one area. Slide 23 Organism Population Community Ecosystem An ecosystem includes all of the organisms as well as the climate, soil, water, rocks and other nonliving things in a given area. Slide 24 Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biome A biome is a major regional or global community of organisms characterized by the climate conditions and plant communities that thrive there. Slide 25 V. Ecological Interactions between organisms A.Competitionwhen two organisms of the same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time. Ex: food, water, shelter Slide 26 Monkeys compete with each other and other animals for food. Rams compete with each other for mates. Slide 27 Until Americans introduced gray squirrels into parts of England in the early 20th century, red squirrels had been the only species of squirrel in the country. The gray squirrels were larger and bred faster and successfully competed for resources. Within a couple years of overlap in an area, the red squirrels disappeared. Slide 28 B. Niche the ecological niche involves both the place where an organism lives and the roles that an organism has in its habitat. Example: The ecological niche of a sunflower growing in the backyard includes absorbing light, water and nutrients (for photosynthesis), providing shelter and food for other organisms (e.g. bees, ants, etc.), and giving off oxygen into the atmosphere. Slide 29 The ecological niche of an organism depends not only on where it lives but also on what it does. By analogy, it may be said that the habitat is the organisms address, and the niche is its profession, biologically speaking. Worms Niche Address Soil, Ground, etc. Profession Mix-up soil Slide 30 C.Predationone organism captures and feeds on another organism 1.Predatorone that does the killing 2.Preyone that is the food Slide 31 Slide 32 D.Symbiosisany relationship in which two species live closely together 1. Mutualismboth species benefit (WIN-WIN) a. Ex: insects and flowers Can you think of any other examples that weve talked about in class? Slide 33 2. Commensalismone member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. (WIN-0) Example: barnacles on a whale Slide 34 Commensalism The Remora fish attaches to the shark and gets a free ride. Birds build nests in trees. Slide 35 3.Parasitismone organisms lives on or inside another organism (host) and harms it. The parasite obtains all or part of its nutritional needs from the host. (WIN-LOSE) Example: fleas on a dog Slide 36 Parasitism Wasp eggs on back of caterpillar. Mosquito biting a human. Sea lampreys feed on fluids of other fish. Slide 37 Mutualism, Commensalism or Parasitism?? Parasitism Mutualism Slide 38 Pg. 94 RTW: Give an example of commensalism. Objective: Learn what makes up a coral reef and what types of factors affect its productivity. Agenda: Marine Ecology Quiz Worksheet Homework: Finish worksheet Friday, January 16 th, 2015