no man’s land “, from feed mill to the
TRANSCRIPT
“No man’s land “, from feed mill to the chicken farm – critical points related to
commercial layers healthDVM, Ludio Gomes
Technical Manager – Asia Pacific
1 Apparently, we are improving biosecurity … but, why diseases are still popping up?
2 Why we don’t share information? Feed vs Field , endless battle…
3 How to strength poultry health ? Focus on immune response.
4 Conclusion
Questions to be addressed
Poultry Disease Diagnose – SEA Integrator Number of outbreaks from 90’-2015
5
08
28
87
120
184
1223
3448
27
126
0 0 0
45
231245
13 18
134
186197
234
42
63
126
166
246
312
3 416 21
49
125
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
CAV IBH Astrovirus Reo IBV LAI
Nu
mb
er o
f o
utb
reak
s
8
Nutrition
Genetic
Husbandry
Poultry Health
How we think
Nutrition
Husbandry
Genetics
Health
In reality … “No man’s land “
“No m
an
’s lan
d “
“No m
an
’s lan
d “
“No man’s land “
What expect to 2050 ?
BROILER
Age .... 19 daysWeight .... 2,2 kg FC ..... 1.0
LAYERS
Age ..... 100 w Eggs ..... 550 FC ..... 1.0
2050 2050
• Phillip Wilkinson, Egg & Poultry Industry Conference
Performance
Resistance
Good News
The higher theperformance, thelower the antibodyresponse
New diseases will pop-up throughout the years
Phylogenetic tree of amino acid sequence of the S1 protein showing diversity of the Asian IBV isolates.
VETERINARY QUARTERLY, 2016 VOL. 36, NO. 1, 3044 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2015.1126868
Asian IBV isolates
43%
57%
QX/
Q1
Like
Others
Medical City Dallas & Medical City Children's Hospital
Dedicated area to Adults
Dedicated area to Children’s
KPC and resistant Staphylococcus sppinfection dropped by 73% in Children
Importance of separating Rearing and Laying period( Taiwan 2016)
28%
8%
39%
12%
7%
2.50%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Before ( Rearing & Laying at the same site ) After ( Rearing & Laying at different sites)
Enteric Problems Respiratory Problems Expenses with antibiotic % of Total cost
30
Same layer farm in Taiwan 2016. Evaluation on disease incidence , before and after separating Rearing and laying period
Simple rules that makes all the difference
85% of IBDV spreads through contaminated shoes (Ito, 2017) .
Newcastle Disease
1) 1926 – 2019 : Still endemic in Asia
2) Variable clinical signs ( respiratory , nervous ...)
3) Genotype VII …. XIII
4) Vector as a single alone solution – Tooooo risky!!
5) “Old-fashioned” Live + Killed is still used to face ND in high challenge areas
It’s all a matter of challenge
High ND
Challenge
Low ND
challenge
5.3 % Mortality
25.4 % Mortality
Indonesia , 2017 . Incidence of ND outbrek in Low & High ND challenge area
using the same vaccination program
Super Vaccine
Main concerns regarding Toxigenic agents in the feed for Comertial Layers
High urease Index Byproducts Low quality Mycotoxins
Effects of Aflatoxin on antibody titers against infectious bursal disease(IBD) and Newcastle Disease (ND) in Broilers at 6 weeks of age
Mycotoxin vs Egg production
51 |
6871
74 7570
7670
63
55 57 58
5047
6164
67
55 57
74 7469
75 7370
60
75
61
5348
62 6468
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Effect of Mycotoxin on Egg Production(%)
0 ppm AFL 0 ppm DON 5 ppm AFL 0 PPM DON
0 ppm AFL 8 ppm DON 5ppm AFL 8 ppm DON
With Mycotoxins Without Mycotoxins
Reproductive performance of Broiler Breeders under the exposure to Aflatoxin and Deoxynivalenol ( DON) – UFSM, Brazil
• Isa Vedete
• Total of 8 weeks : • 4 weeks with mycotoxin • 4 Weeks without
How come it is mycotoxins ?
I’m using mycotoxin binders !!
• Q: Are you using mycotoxin binders ?
• A : Yes
• Q: Which one?
• A: I don’t know
• Q: Do you know the dose?
• A: “Yes” hummm maybe 0,5 kg /ton
• Q: For how long?
• A: “Yes”, …I don’t know
Field Talk
Immunosuppression diseases Control
58 |
Mycotoxins Infectious Bursal Disease ( IBD)
Chicken Anemia Virus (CAV)
Marek’s Diseases (MD)
Reovirus
(REO)
Fowl Adenovirus
Infections ...
In the younger the bird the worse the immunosuppression
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
IBV alone IBDV + IBV NDV alone IBDV + NDV ILTV alone IBDV + ILTV
17%
66%
14%
41%
3%
16%
Response to Several Avian Respiratory Viruses as Affected by Infectious Bursal Disease Virus - Mortality(%)
J. K. Rosenberger and J. Gelb, Jr. Avian Diseases Vol. 22, No. 1 (Jan. - Mar., 1978), pp. 95-105
Immunosuppressed birdLess IgA = less local protection
Results : Incidence of IBD/CAV in 136 IB outbreaks in Broilers
33.80%
17.60%
39.70%
8.80%
IBD Positve(%)
CAV Positve(%)
IBDV + CAV Positive(%)
Negative (%)
Bro
ilers
≈ 91%
Results : Incidence of IBD/CAV in 115 IB outbreaks in Commercial Layers
32.20%
8.70%
23.40%
35.60%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
MDV Positve(%) REV Positve(%) MDV + REV Positive(%) Negative (%)
Commertial Layers
≈ 65%
Fig. 07 Liver tumors Fig. 08 Proventriculo tumors Fig. 09 Kidneys tumors
Fig. 10 Spleen enlargement & tumors Fig. 11 Muscle & tumors Fig. 11 Liver & kidneys tumors
Essential amino acids to Immunoglobulins
Source: Bowland (1966) citaded by Han e Lee (2000) adapted by Nogueira (2006)
1. Live vaccines :Protect the mucosal surfaces at the port of entry with CMI and IgA
2. Killed vaccines :Prevent the invasion of the virus to internal organs with humoral Ab
Virus Local protection
What are we trying to do with IB & ND Vaccines?
Eye-drop vaccination - Frequent mistakes
- Not allowing absorption(3-4 seconds) - Long period- Temperature
Spray vaccination in the Hatchery
72 |
15 to 21 ml/ box with 100 chicks( 1 to 4 nozzle) .Droplet size : Corse spray > 100 μm
IB Protection vs Spray Volume @ Hatchery
62 63
86 83
6671
8478
54
67
88 87
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
7ml 10ml 15ml 21ml
Commercial Broiler - % protection vs Hatchery Vaccine Volume
Farm 01 Farm 02 Farm 03
IB Mass(M41) Type at day-of-age - 103,8 EID/dose. Challenge homologous strain @ 25 DOA. Total of 3 farms , 4 houses /farm.
% o
f P
rote
ctio
n (
AV
G)
Brandão , 2013
DOC spray vaccination in the field
35-40 ml/ box with 100 chicks .Droplet size : Corse spray > 100 μm
Spray during Laying period
1. During feeding time 2. Aiming the middle of the cage 3. Constant acceleration 4. 2 liters / 1000 hens
De Wit et al, Avian Pathology, 29 (2), 123-131, 2010
Water Temperature (ºC)Each degree higher than 16-18ºC, represents 3,2% less IgM post vaccination (De Wit et al, 2010)
Perfect Model : using cold water for
vaccine dilution
De Wit et al, ISSN 2010
Cross Protection vs. S1 Homology
Correlation between the level of homology in the S1 region of the S gene of IBV strains and the level of cross-protection between these strains as reported in seven publications.
IB Vaccines serotypes in Asia
Massachusetts
serotype :
strains H120,
82828, B48, MM,
H52, etc...
Doorn variants :
strains D274 (D207), D1466
(D212), ...
CR88 type
variants :
strains 793/B,
CR88121, 4-91,
...
Nephropath
variants :
Q1 strain
BNF 28/86
QX Like
78 |
Conclusion
1. Commercial layers are getting more sensitive through the time… and likely new diseases will pop-up
2. Virus and bacteria are constantly changing
3. Biosecurity : back to the basis
4. Before anything : build strong immune system
5. Improve communication: bridging the gaps
Thank you !
80
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: GHAZI BROTHERS WORLD POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOCIATION
– PAKISTAN BRANCH
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE ,
FAISALABAD