nnin summer experience
DESCRIPTION
GOALS To learn about the technology behind an AFM and produce images of different materials To create a lesson plan that incorporates nanotechnology into the existing curriculum To develop an action plan that exposes students to nanotechnology throughout the school yearTRANSCRIPT
NNIN SUMMER EXPERIENCE
GOALS
To learn about the technology behind an AFM and produce images of different materials
To create a lesson plan that incorporates nanotechnology into the existing curriculum
To develop an action plan that exposes students to nanotechnology throughout the school year
AFM
Explored the main principles behind the AFM (cantilever, photodetector, feedback loop, etc.)
Produced and analyzed images from a Nanosurf® easyScan AFM system
Developed a presentation for other educators to use with this AFM system
AFM Operation - Overview
http://www.pacificnano.com/afm-modes.html
Learning to use the AFM
Used the AFM to image Gold samples Interpretation of the images to
distinguish between the two gold samples
Image of Gold GratingMeasurement and Analysis of Gold
Grating to determine grating spacing
Images of Gold Samples
Au Sample Baverage roughness (Sq = 100nm)Gold deposition by sputtering
Au sample A average area roughness (Sq = 6nm)Gold deposition by electroplating
Gold Practice Grating
Image Analysis
Average grating spacing : 1.04 μm
Average height of features:
51.2 nm
Nature of the surface:
Blazed
Gold Practice Grating : 8μm scan
Plane Transmission Grating
1-D grating (sample A) grating spacing: 4.8 μm
2-D gratinggrating spacings:
x: 6.97 μm y: 7.07 μm
1- D grating (sample B)grating spacing:
1.28 μm
LESSON PLAN: CDs AND DVDs AS DIFFRACTION GRATINGS
Develop Student Worksheet and Teacher’s Guide
Incorporate AFM imaging and analysis of CDs and DVDs with an existing Diffraction Grating Lab
Diffraction Pattern using a CD as a Diffraction Grating
screen
CD grating
Laser central spot
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/grating.html
AFM Images and Cut-out Scans of a Blank CD AND DVD (10 m)
AFM Images of CD and DVD (unrecorded)
CD-Blank (10 μm scan)
Track pitch = 1.57 μm
DVD- Blank (10 μm scan)
Track pitch = 0.780 μm
AFM Images CD/DVD (recorded)
CD - data encrypted scan size : 20 μm
DVD – data encryptedscan size : 10 μm
AFM Images CD/DVD (recorded)
CD - data encrypted scan size : 5 μm
DVD – data encryptedscan size : 5 μm
Blu-Ray AFM Images
Comparing Data Density of CD, DVD and Blu-Ray
Blu-Ray Disc
DVD
CD
Blu-Ray DVD CDLaser Size 405 nm 650 nm 780 nm
Track pitch 0.32 m(0.33 m)
0.74 m(0.79 m)
1.6 m(1.57 m)
Min. pit length
0.15 m(0.17 m)
0.40 m(0.41 m)
0.83 m(0.79 m)
Channel bit size
0.062 m 0.133 m 0.278 m
Capacity 25 GB 4.7 GB 0.7 GB
Blue: experimental values black : reference values
Experimental Data and Reference Data
CONCLUSIONS Experimental results of track pitch, minimum pit length of a
CD , DVD and Blu-Ray agree well with known values.
Experimental results of grating spacing obtained from the diffraction pattern using CDs and DVDs agree well with the grating spacing obtained from imaging them with the AFM.
The AFM image of a CD was used to determined the no. of data bits per square micrometer. The total usable area of a CD was determined from measurement and used to calculate the storage capacity of the disc.
The density of the tracks of CDs and DVDs as compared to a Blu-Ray was used to explain the increase in storage capacity and the recent technology used to further increase the same.
ACTION PLAN Metric conversions – Powers of Ten Video (http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBsOeLcUARw) Hooke’s Law and cantilevers (SP3: Simple Harmonic
Motion) Diffraction Gratings (SP4: Waves) Photodiodes, Lasers, Voltage and the AFM (SP4 and
SP5: Waves and Electromagnetism) Piezo materials and Voltage (SP5: Electromagnetism) Journal Readings Projects Career Research
GPS Standards
Links to Lesson Plans
Lesson PlanStudent worksheet AFM Quick Reference
Dr.Larry Bottomley and group
School of Chemistry and BioChemistry
Dr. Nancy Healy
NNIN Educational Coordinator
Joyce Palmer
Asst Educational Coordinator ,NNIN