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NLP: Animals, Machines, and Money Selmer Bringsjord (with prior help from Rikhiya Ghosh) RAIR Lab AHR? Nov 13 2017 An AI-Entrepreneurial Perspective

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Page 1: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

NLP: Animals, Machines, and Money

Selmer Bringsjord(with prior help from Rikhiya Ghosh)

RAIR Lab

AHR?Nov 13 2017

An AI-Entrepreneurial Perspective

Page 2: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

Context …

Page 3: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

Main Claim

Page 4: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

And Supporting Main Claim …

Page 5: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

Forget about even the monkeys …

Page 6: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz
Page 7: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz
Page 8: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz
Page 9: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

If a machine can handle natural language, that’s big

money …

Page 10: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz
Page 11: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

But what’s the test? …

Page 12: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

Turing Test?

Source : https://xkcd.com/329/Source : Wikimedia Commons

Page 13: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

Turing Test?

Source : https://xkcd.com/329/Source : Wikimedia Commons

Page 14: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

Other Tests• Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest

Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz ; 2014)

• Total Turing Test (Harnad ;1989, 1991)

• Truly total Turing test (Schweizer ; 1998)

• Feigenbaum Test (Feigenbaum, 2003)

• Hutter Prize (Hutter, 2006)

• Lovelace Test (Bringsjord, 2001)

Page 15: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

Other Tests• Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest

Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz ; 2014)

• Total Turing Test (Harnad ;1989, 1991)

• Truly total Turing test (Schweizer ; 1998)

• Feigenbaum Test (Feigenbaum, 2003)

• Hutter Prize (Hutter, 2006)

• Lovelace Test (Bringsjord, 2001)

Page 16: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The problem: CRA …

Page 17: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

Toward the Chinese Room

Page 18: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

Toward the Chinese Room

Page 19: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

Toward the Chinese Room

native Chinese speaker

Page 20: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

Toward the Chinese Room

native Chinese speaker

Page 21: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

Toward the Chinese Room

native Chinese speaker

Page 22: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

Toward the Chinese Room

native Chinese speaker native Chinese speaker

Page 23: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

Toward the Chinese Room

native Chinese speaker native Chinese speaker

Page 24: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room

Page 25: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room

Page 26: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room

native Chinese speaker

Page 27: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room

native Chinese speakerknows no Chinese whatsoever

Chinese Room

Page 28: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room

native Chinese speakerknows no Chinese whatsoever

Chinese Room

Page 29: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room

native Chinese speakerknows no Chinese whatsoever

Chinese Room

Page 30: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room

native Chinese speakerknows no Chinese whatsoever

Chinese Room

Page 31: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room

native Chinese speakerknows no Chinese whatsoever

Chinese Room

Page 32: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room

native Chinese speakerknows no Chinese whatsoever

Chinese Room

Page 33: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room

native Chinese speakerknows no Chinese whatsoever

Chinese Room

Page 34: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room Argument

http://kryten.mm.rpi.edu/searlebook1.pdf

“Real Robots and the Missing Thought Experiment in the Chinese Room Dialectic”:

Page 35: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room Argument

http://kryten.mm.rpi.edu/searlebook1.pdf

“Real Robots and the Missing Thought Experiment in the Chinese Room Dialectic”:

Page 36: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room Argument’

Page 37: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room Argument’1. Searle-in-the-room understands no Chinese.

Page 38: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room Argument’1. Searle-in-the-room understands no Chinese.

2. If a computer can understand Chinese, Searle-in-the-room understands Chinese (because Searle is doing in the room exactly/fundamentally what computers do: viz. manipulating symbols according to rules).

Page 39: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room Argument’1. Searle-in-the-room understands no Chinese.

2. If a computer can understand Chinese, Searle-in-the-room understands Chinese (because Searle is doing in the room exactly/fundamentally what computers do: viz. manipulating symbols according to rules).

Therefore (how?):

Page 40: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

The Chinese Room Argument’1. Searle-in-the-room understands no Chinese.

2. If a computer can understand Chinese, Searle-in-the-room understands Chinese (because Searle is doing in the room exactly/fundamentally what computers do: viz. manipulating symbols according to rules).

3. A computer can’t understand Chinese (or English, Norwegian, etc.).

Therefore (how?):

Page 41: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

Nonetheless,Ferrucci et al. shot

at the big money …

Page 42: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

https://www.elementalcognition.com

Page 43: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

Is there hope? …

Page 44: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

By : IBM. Source : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NX8y9T1MaP4

Page 45: NLP: Animals, Machines, and Moneykryten.mm.rpi.edu/COURSES/AHR/Marvel_Language_SBringsjo...Other Tests • Winograd Schema Challenge (Ernest Davis, Leora Morgenstern, and Charles Ortiz

By : IBM. Source : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NX8y9T1MaP4