nitrogen use it or lose it emission story page 111 de ferrier bcg, ash wallace dpi vic
TRANSCRIPT
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Nitrogen Use it or lose itEmission story
Page 111
De Ferrier BCG, Ash Wallace DPI Vic
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1. As a rule of thumb how much nitrogen does a wheat crop need to produce 1 t/ha of grain?
1 2 3 4 5
11%
40%
7%
31%
11%
1. 10 kg N/ha (22 kg urea/ha)
2. 20 kg N/ha (43 kg urea/ha)
3. 30 kg N/ha (65 kg urea/ha)
4. 40 kg N/ha (87 kg urea/ha)
5. Unsure
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2. When determining how much nitrogen is needed for a wheat crop what do you do?
1 2 3 4 5 6
21% 21%
61%
31%
24%21%
1. I use a rule of thumb such as 40 kg N/ha per tonne of wheat
2. I apply what my agronomist tells me
3. I use a decision support tool such as Yield Prophet or an excel spreadsheet
4. I use soil or tissue tests
5. I use gut feel
6. I use a range of advice and tools
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3. How do you rate your understanding of nitrogen losses?
1 2 3 4
3% 6%
62%
29%
1. Excellent
2. Good
3. Low
4. None at all
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How much do you know about nitrous oxide emissions and their effect on productivity and
greenhouse gases?
1 2 3 4
57%
7%13%
23%
1. Nothing
2. A little
3. A bit
4. Quite a lot
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How much nitrous oxide is lost from a cropping paddock in low rainfall areas annually?
1 2 3 4 5
6%
25%
10%10%
49%1. 0.1-0.5 kg N/ha
2. 1-2 kg N/ha
3. 10-20 kg N/ha
4. 30-40 kg N/ha
5. 50-100 kg N/ha
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The global warming potential (GWP) of a gas measures the amount of heat it can trap in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide has a GWP of 1.
1 2 3 4 5
32%
26%
12%
5%
24%
1. 10:1
2. 50:1
3. 298:1
4. 310:1
5. 450:1
What is the GWP of nitrous oxide compared to carbon dioxide?
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What are we measuring?
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•The main levers that control emissions:
What drives N2O losses?
Soil water Soil nitrogen
Crop management can alter these levers
Minimising N loss is good for productivity
= win win
Soil carbon
Soil temperature
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Why are we measuring it?
• Limited research into the grains industry’s N2O emission contribution in low rainfall environments
• Govt policy is forever changing and uncertain (agricultural, environmental, political implications)
• Better communication needed to a wider audience• Since the 2002-2009 drought more efficient and prescribed
approach to nitrogen use.
• Nitrogen better match between crop demand and seasonal conditions.
• Need to inform accounting protocols – particularly legumes
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GSR: 212mm Soil moisture: 42mm Sowing date: 19 JuneVariety: DerrimutPotential yield: 2.8t/ha
To apply zero, medium and high urea rates and measure
•N2O fluxes from soil in a wheat crop
•the effect on wheat yield and quality
Site: Rupanyup
Nitrous oxide (N2O) losses from low rainfall environments
How did we do it?
Urea applied N appliedkg/ha kg/ha
Zero 0 0Medium 180 83 2 t/ha
High 450 207 5 t/ha
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Page 111
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What did we expect to find?
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
N lo
ss
pe
r d
ay Fertiliser added
Zero fertiliser
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What did we find?
Figure 1. N2O flux obtained (4, 6, 7, 14 September) before and after urea application at Rupanyup.
Low N2O lossesPeak levels were 4.5g N/ha/day
6 Sep = 0.3mm, 7 Sep = 8.13mm, 8 Sep =0.5mm, 13 Sep = 0.5mm
1 day prior
1 day after
1 week later
4th SepUrea0 kg/ha4080
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Dimboola grain prices @ December 3. Urea $620/t
Treatment Nitrogen rate Urea rate Yield Protein Quality Grain price Income Urea cost Income less urea cost NUE(kg/ha) (kg/ha) (t/ha) (%) ($/ha) ($/ha) ($) ($/ha) %
Zero 0 0 2.3 7.6c ASW 251 577 0 570Medium 83 180 2.8 11.0b APW1 274 767 112 652 34High 207 450 2.8 14.2a H1 299 837 279 510 14Sig. diff. NS P<0.001 NSLSD (P=0.05) 0.72CV% 3.8
What did we find?
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Urease inhibitors
Can we do anything about it?
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Nitrification inhibitors
Can we do anything about it?
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• Improve nitrogen use efficiency
• Timing, N in front of rain
• Type of product
• Tools
• Soil test
• Rotations
Can we do anything about it?
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Take Home Messages
• Measured N2O fluxes are low in the Wimmera Mallee low compared to accounting methods.
• Ammonia likely to be more important from a productivity perspective.
• Products and tools are available to reduce losses. New products being investigated.
• Use it don’t lose it!!
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