nitrogen cycle. nitro composes about four-fifths (78.03 percent) by volume of the atmosphere an...
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NITROGEN CYCLE
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Nitro
• Composes about four-fifths (78.03 percent) by volume of the atmosphere
• an essential part of the amino acids. It is a basic element of life.
• is an important element in plant nutrition• in the form of protein is an important constituent
of animal tissue.
Cyclegen
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Nitrogen Cycle• natural cyclic process in the course of which
atmospheric nitrogen enters the soil and becomes part of living organisms
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Amounts of NitrogenNitrogen Reservoir Metric tons nitrogen
Atmosphere 3.9*1015
Land organic matter Biota
1.1*1011
2.5*1010
Ocean soluble saltsBiomass
6.9*1011
5.2*108
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Forms of Nitrogen in OceanForm Formula Function Pathway Habitat
Nitrate NO3 _ Electron acceptor,
nitrogen sourceNitrogen assimilation,dissimilatory nitratereduction anddenitrification
Coastal upwelling zones, deepocean
Ammonium NH4+ Electron donor, energysource, nitrogen source
Nitrogen assimilation,ammonia oxidation(aerobic), and anaerobicammonia oxidation
Important, rapidly recycled pool inopen ocean, intermediate indecomposition of organic matter
Nitrite NO2- Electron donor andacceptor, energy source,nitrogen source
Nitrification (nitriteoxidation), denitrification
Found at margins of oxic/anoxicregions, intermediate in oxidationand reduction pathways
Dinitrogen N2 Nitrogen source _______ High concentration in equilibriumwith atmosphere, available toN2-fixing microorganisms
Nitrous oxide N2O Trace gas, electronacceptor, electron donor
End or by-product ofnitrification anddenitrification
Intermediate in reductive pathway,also formed in nitrification and atoxic/anoxic interfaces and anoxicor suboxic zones
Urea CH4N2O Nitrogen source Nitrogen assimilation Decomposition product,potentially important nitrogensource in water column
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Steps of Nitrogen Cycle• Nitrogen Fixation• Nitrogen Assimilation• Ammonification• Nitrification• Denitrification
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Nitrogen Fixation• Nitrogen gas is converted into
inorganic nitrogen compounds. It is mostly (90 percent) accomplished by free-living, nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
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Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria• symbiotic bacteria living on the roots of
plants (mostly legumes and alders)• cyanobacteria (formerly known as blue-
green algae) • archaebacteria (also known as archaea)
in deep-sea hydrothermal vents
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Nitrogen Fixation by Lightning• The high energies provided by lightning
and cosmic radiation serve to combine atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen into nitrates, which are carried to the Earth’s surface in precipitation.
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Steps of Nitrogen Cycle• Nitrogen Fixation• Nitrogen Assimilation• Ammonification• Nitrification• Denitrification
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Nitrogen Assimilation• are assimilation of nitrates and ammonia
resulting from nitrogen fixation into the specific tissue compounds of algae and higher plants. Animals then ingest these algae and plants, converting them into their own body compounds.
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Steps of Nitrogen Cycle• Nitrogen Fixation• Nitrogen Assimilation• Ammonification• Nitrification• Denitrification
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Ammonification• The remains of all living things—and their
waste products—are decomposed by microorganisms which yields ammonia.
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Steps of Nitrogen Cycle• Nitrogen Fixation• Nitrogen Assimilation• Ammonification• Nitrification• Denitrification
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Nitrification• a process carried out by nitrifying
bacteria, transforms soil ammonia into nitrates, which plants can incorporate into their own tissues.
1rst step catalyzed by Nitrosomonas2 NH4
+ + 3 O2 2 NO2
- +2 H2O+ 4 H+
2nd step catalyzed by Nitrobacter2 NO2
- + O2 2 NO3
-
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Steps of Nitrogen Cycle• Nitrogen Fixation• Nitrogen Assimilation• Ammonification• Nitrification• Denitrification
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Denitrification• The process where nitrates are
metabolized by denitrifying bacteria to free nitrogen and returned to the atmosphere
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Nitrogen Cycle in Ocean• In groups construct a poster or drawing
diagram about how the Nitrogen Cycle would work in the ocean
• Label steps (Nitrogen Fixation, Nitrogen Assimilation, Ammonification,
Nitrification, Denitrification)
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Nitrogen Cycle In Ocean
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Nitrogen Cycle in Fish Tanks