nicotine plant: tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) did you know? nicotine is more toxic than cocaine or...
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NicotinePlant: Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
Did you know?Nicotine is more toxic than cocaine or heroin and smoking 40 cigarettes could be deadly (not to mention silly!) for a non-smoker
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: stimulant, insecticide
Molecular formula: C8H14N2
162.2
0.3
0.73
Cre
dit: moch
e
CaffeinePlant: Tea (Camellia sinensis) and others
Did you know?Plants like tea and coffee produce caffeine as an insecticide to poison bugs which try to feed on the leaves.
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: central nervous system stimulant
Molecular formula: C8H10N4O2
194.2
62
1.25
Cre
dit: nchen
ga
MorphinePlant: Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum)
Did you know?Laudanum, a potent painkilling medicine made from opium poppies, is documented as far back as 1522
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: analgesic
Molecular formula: C17H19NO3
285.3
135
14.77
Cre
dit: ykan
azawa
CocainePlant: Coca plant (Erythroxylum coca)
Did you know?The original 1886 recipe for Coca-Cola included “a pinch of coca leaves” meaning, until 1906, it contained some cocaine!
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: local anaesthetic, stimulant
Molecular formula: C17H21NO4
303.4
16
4.39
Cre
dit: ihea
rtpan
das
Science & Plants for Schools (www.saps.org.uk) This resource was created by Dr Sarah McLusky, lecturer in biochemistry at Newcastle College (details correct as of 2012)
TaxolPlant: Pacific yew tree (Taxus brevifolia)
Did you know?Taxol is also made by a fungus which lives in the tree bark. It is produced commercially in mixed plant/fungal cell cultures.
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: chemotherapy (breast cancer)
Molecular formula: C47H51NO14
853.9
12
75.03
Cre
dit:: pella
ea
CodeinePlant: Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum)
Did you know?Codeine is the world’s most widely used opiate drug. It is made by methylating the more abundant drug, morphine.
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: analgaesic
Molecular formula: C18H21NO3
299.4
54
0.53
Cre
dit: ykan
azawa
QuininePlant: Cinchona tree (Cinchona ledgeriana)
Did you know?Quinine was the first effective treatment for malaria. Tonic water glows under UV light as it contains quinine – go on, try it!
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: anti-malaria
Molecular formula: C20H24N2O2
324.4
68
1.66
Cre
dit:: US
GS
DigoxinPlant: Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea)
Did you know?In 2006 an American nurse was convicted of killing 40 patients with overdoses of digoxin and given 18 life sentences
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: treating heart arrhythmia
Molecular formula: C41H64O14
780.9
7.7
28.91
Cre
dit:: freefoto
uk
This resource was created by Dr Science & Plants for Schools (www.saps.org.uk) This resource was created by Dr Sarah McLusky, lecturer in biochemistry at Newcastle College (details correct as of 2012)
QuinidinePlant: Cinchona tree (Cinchona ledgeriana)
Did you know?Quinidine is an isomer of quinine – they have the same chemical formula, but different structures and properties
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: treating heart arrhythmia
Molecular formula: C20H24N2O2
324.4
53.6
0.10
Cre
dit:: US
GS
EphedrinePlant: ma huang (Ephedra sinica)
Did you know?Ephedrine is closely related to drugs like speed. Ma huang has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for 5000 years.
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: stimulant, decongestant
Molecular formula: C10H15NO
165.2
74
0.03
Cre
dit: alexloma
s
AspirinPlant: Willow tree (Salix alba)
Did you know?Hippocrates, who lived around 400BC, recorded using a powder made from willow bark to treat pain and fever.
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: analgaesic, blood thinner
Molecular formula: C7H6O3
138.1
184
0.03
Cre
dit: jimvan
me
gge
len
StrychninePlant: Strychnine tree (Strychnos nux-vomica)
Did you know?Strychnine is the poison of choice in numerous books and films, including the movie ‘Psycho’ and Agatha Christie novels.
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: rat poison
Molecular formula: C21H22N2O2
334.4
0.41
0.65
Cre
dit: lalith
amb
a
Science & Plants for Schools (www.saps.org.uk) This resource was created by Dr Sarah McLusky, lecturer in biochemistry at Newcastle College (details correct as of 2012)
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Plant: Cannabis (Cannabis sativa)
Did you know?Synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol, known as dronabinol, is available on prescription in the USA for treating anorexia and nausea.
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: analgesic, anti-emetic
Molecular formula: C21H30O2
314.5
42
123.65
Cre
dit: M. M
artinV
icente
VinblastinePlant: Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)
Did you know?The Madagascar periwinkle was used as a folk remedy for centuries before the active chemicals were isolated in the 1950s
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: chemotherapy (leukaemia)
Molecular formula: C46H58N4O9
810.9
15
119.41
Cre
dit: Kew
Gard
ens
VincristinePlant: Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)
Did you know?Extracting this drug from the plant is a slow process with low yields, but the molecule is too complicated to make synthetically.
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: chemotherapy (leukaemia)
Molecular formula: C46H56N4O10
824.9
3
579.73
Cre
dit: Kew
Gard
ens
TheobrominePlant: Cocoa (Theobroma cacao)
Did you know?Dogs metabolise theobromine more slowly than humans and can be poisoned with just one bar of chocolate.
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: diuretic, vasodilator
Molecular formula: C7H8N4O2
180.2
837
0.07
Cre
dit: Steve
Linde
r
Science & Plants for Schools (www.saps.org.uk)
This resource was created by Dr Sarah McLusky, lecturer in biochemistry at Newcastle College (details correct as of 2012)
ReserpinePlant: Snake root (Rauwolfia serpentina)
Did you know?In India, home of the Snake Root plant, this drug has been has been popular for centuries – even Mahatma Gandhi used it!
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: high blood pressure, anti-psychotic
Molecular formula: C33H40N2O9
608.7
21
390.34
Cre
dit: kadavo
or
TopotecanPlant: Happy tree (Camptotheca acuminata)
Did you know?Topotecan inhibits the enzyme DNA topoisomerase and stops cancerous cells replicating.
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: chemotherapy (ovarian & lung cancer)
Molecular formula: C23H23N3O5
421.4
7.5
23,042.66
Cre
dit: scott.zon
a
IrinotecanPlant: Happy tree (Camptotheca acuminata)
Did you know?Irinotecan and topotecan are derivatives of naturally occurring camptothecin which is used in Chinese herbal medicine.
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: chemotherapy (colorectal cancer)
Molecular formula: C33H38N4O6
586.7
132
1336.00
Cre
dit: scott.zon
a
CapsaicinPlant: Chilli peppers (Capsicum sp.)
Did you know?Capsaicin creates a burning sensation on the skin which blocks pain signals – you might have experienced it eating chillies!
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: treating nerve pain and arthritis
Molecular formula: C18H27NO3
305.4
0.4
62.40
Cre
dit: Ben
Gea
ch
This resource was created by Dr Science & Plants for Schools (www.saps.org.uk) This resource was created by Dr Sarah McLusky, lecturer in biochemistry at Newcastle College (details correct as of 2012)
TheophyllinePlant: Tea (Camellia sinensis)
Did you know?If you have asthma a cup of tea might help! Theophylline was developed as an asthma treatment drug in the 1950s.
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: muscle relaxant and bronchodilator
Molecular formula: C7H8N4O2
180.2
136
3.17
Cre
dit: nchen
gaDiosgenin
Plant: Yams (Dioscorea sp.)
Did you know?Diosgenin is a precursor of the hormone progesterone and research on this plant in the 1940s led to the first contraceptive pill
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: contraceptive
Molecular formula: C27H42O3
414.6
>8000
0.74
Cre
dit: IITA
ColchicinePlant: Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale)
Did you know?Once common, this drug is very toxic and has nasty side effects (like diarrhoea) so is now only used for short term, acute cases
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: treating gout
Molecular formula: C22H25NO6
399.4
1.7
19.68
Cre
dit: Dietm
ut
TubocurarinePlant: Curare (Chondrodendron tomentosum)
Did you know?South American natives used this plant extract to poison their arrow heads and blow darts when hunting as it paralyses victims.
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: muscle relaxant, nicotine withdrawal
Molecular formula: C37H41N2O6
609.7
0.13
7.92
Cre
dit: NT
BG
Science & Plants for Schools (www.saps.org.uk) This resource was created by Dr Sarah McLusky, lecturer in biochemistry at Newcastle College (details correct as of 2012
Plant:
Did you know?
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use:
Molecular formula:
HeroinPlant: Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum)
Did you know?Heroin is actually the ‘trade name’ for diamorphine and from 1898 to 1910 could be bought freely as a cough suppressant.
Cost per 100mg (£):
Molecular weight (g):
Toxicity (LD50mouse mg/kg):
Use: analgaesic
Molecular formula: C21H23NO5
369.4
21.8
692.00
Cre
dit: ykan
azawa
This resource was created by Dr Science & Plants for Schools (www.saps.org.uk) This resource was created by Dr Sarah McLusky, lecturer in biochemistry at Newcastle College (details correct as of 2012