nicolai netz london 29 april 2015 why do and why don’t they go abroad? factors influencing...

Nicolai NetzLondon29 April 2015

Why do and why don’t they go abroad?Factors influencing internationalstudent mobility

Why do and why don’t they go abroad?Factors influencing internationalstudent mobility

2London, 29/04/2015Factors influencing ISMNicolai Netz

Introductory notes

Aim of the presentation

• Provide an empirical overview of key factors propelling and inhibiting the international mobility of students

Focus of the presentation

• Temporary cross-border mobility of students returning to their home institution (study abroad / credit mobility) enrolment, internship, language course, research stay, summer school, other study-related stay abroad

• Main sources: EUROSTUDENT project, other DZHW surveys and selected research papers of my PhD

3Hanover, 23rd August 2010Consultation of the EUROSTUDENT network

How large are the shares of students going abroad?

How large are the shares of students going abroad?


International student mobility rates

Data source: EUROSTUDENT

• EUROSTUDENT generates internationally comparable indicators using data from nationally representative student surveys

• 5th round: data from 29 countries of the EHEA (including Ireland, but without England, Scotland and Wales)

• Reference period: 2012 – 2014

• Reference: Hauschildt, Gwosć, Netz, & Mishra (2015). Social and Economic Conditions of Student Life in Europe. Synopsis of Indicators. EUROSTUDENT V 2012–2015. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann.



Students who realised a temporary study-related experience abroadShare of students (in %)

Source: Hauschildt et al. (2015, p. 191)

List of country abbreviations on p. 6

of the Synopsis




Students who realised an enrolment, internship, or a language course abroadShare of students (in %)


Which are the main motives for international mobility?

Which are the main motives for international mobility?


Motives for international mobility

Data source: DAAD/DZHW Study on Mobility

• Large-scale cross-sectional survey on international mobility among students in German higher education

• Every two years since 2007 (here: focus on 2009 cohort)

• Reference: Heublein, Hutzsch, Schreiber, & Sommer (2011). Internationale Mobilität im Studium 2009. Hannover: HIS.


Source: Heublein et al. (2011, p. 87)


Share of students planning a stay abroad who consider an aspect as (very) important (in %)

employment





language





Culture, leaving comfort zone,

personality





Specific skills


Which are the main obstacles to international mobility?

Which are the main obstacles to international mobility?



• Rich information on students’ perception of obstacles to a temporary enrolment abroad


Perceived obstacles to international mobility


Additional financial burdenShare of students who have not been enrolled abroad and do not plan to enrol abroad

considering the selected issue as (quite) big obstacle to enrolment abroad (in %)




Separation from partner, child(ren), friendsShare of students who have not been enrolled abroad and do not plan to enrol abroad





Insufficient skills in foreign languagesShare of students who have not been enrolled abroad and do not plan to enrol abroad





Problems with recognition of credits gained abroadShare of students who have not been enrolled abroad and do not plan to enrol abroad





Additional financial burdenShare of students who have not been enrolled abroad and do not plan to enrol abroad





Obstacles beyond the individual perception

Obstacles beyond the individual perception




Social selectivity of international mobility



Foreign enrolment rates by educational backgroundShare of students with higher education background (in %)



Foreign enrolment rates by educational backgroundShare of students without higher education background (in %)




Source: Hauschildt et al. (2015, pp. 192-194, 207)


Enrolment abroad•Foreign enrolment rate is higher among students with higher education background in all countries but Armenia, Serbia, and Ukraine

• Share of students still planning to study abroad is higher among students with higher education background in all covered countries

Internship•Share who realised an internship is higher among students with higher education background in all countries but Armenia and Norway

Language course•Share who realised a language course is higher among students with higher education background in all countries but Armenia, Lithuania, Norway, and Serbia


Determinants of international mobility according to multivariate research

Determinants of international mobility according to multivariate research


Determinants of international mobility

Data source: German School Leavers Survey 2010

• Panel study on German upper secondary graduates’ past educational histories, actual motivations and future plans

• Every two/three years since 1976 (here: focus on 2010 cohort)

• Reference: Lörz, Netz, & Quast (submitted). Why do students from underprivileged families less often intend to study abroad?


Source: Lörz, Netz, & Quast (submitted)


Summary and conclusionSummary and conclusion


Summary and conclusion

• Mobility rates vary notably across countries

Advisable to have similar benchmarks and policies?

• Main motives for international mobility: improving career prospects, ‘experiencing oneself’ and language acquisition

What about the acquisition of genuinely academic knowledge and skills?

• Financial strain and social ties perceived as most critical obstacles

Further enhancement of funding and better information needed? Will relevance of social ties increase as lifelong learning student populations

get older?


Summary and conclusion

• Mobility is socially selective

Possibility of reaping benefits of mobility is unequally distributed across social groups

Compensatory measures needed?

• Both to further increase mobility rates and to decrease social selectivity, early-on interventions are needed

Stronger linkage of school policy and higher education policy needed?


References

Hauschildt, K., Gwosć, C., Netz, N., & Mishra, S. (2015). Social and Economic Conditions of Student Life in Europe. Synopsis of Indicators. EUROSTUDENT V 2012–2015. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann.

Heublein, U., Hutzsch, C., Schreiber, J., & Sommer, D. (2011). Internationale Mobilität im Studium 2009. Ergebnisse einer Wiederholungsbefragung zu studienbezogenen Aufenthalten deutscher Studierender in anderen Ländern. Hannover: HIS.

Lörz, M., Netz, N., & Quast, H. (submitted). Why do students from underprivileged families less often intend to study abroad?

Netz, N. (2015). What deters students from studying abroad? Evidence from four European countries and its implications for higher education policy. Higher Education Policy, 28(2), 151–174.


Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!

Nicolai NetzGerman Centre for Research on Higher Education and Science Studies (DZHW)+49-(0)[email protected]


Funding of enrolment abroad

Primary source of funding for (most recent) enrolment abroadShare of students who have been enrolled abroad (in %)



Funding of enrolment abroad

Students utilising funds from their parents, family or partner for their (most recent) enrolment abroad by social backgroundShare of students who have been enrolled abroad (in %)



Recognition

Recognition of credits gained during (most recent) enrolment abroadShare of students who have been enrolled abroad (in %)



Internationalisation at home

Domestic study programmes in foreign languagesShare of students whose domestic study programme is mainly taught in a foreign language

(in %)





Share of students who have been abroad considering an aspect as (very) important (in %)

45London, 29/04/2015Factors influencing ISMNicolai Netz Source: Lörz, Netz, & Quast (submitted)


Sour

ce: L

örz,

Net

z, &

Qua

st (s

ubm

itted

)

nicolai netz london 29 april 2015 why do and why don’t they go abroad? factors influencing...

Documents