nicmos & vlt imaging of 2masswj 1207334-393254 (aka 2m1207 ) a planetary-mass companion to a
DESCRIPTION
NICMOS & VLT Imaging of 2MASSWJ 1207334-393254 (aka 2M1207 ) A Planetary-Mass Companion to a Young Brown Dwarf. Glenn Schneider (Steward Observatory, U. Arizona). First imaging detection of a gravitationally bound, extrasolar, planetary-mass companion. VLT Collaborators C. Dumas (ESO) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
NICMOS & VLT Imaging of2MASSWJ 1207334-393254 (aka 2M1207)
A Planetary-Mass Companion to aYoung Brown Dwarf
Glenn Schneider (Steward Observatory, U. Arizona)
HST/GO 10176 TeamI. Song, PI (Gemini Obs.)G. Schneider (UofA)B. Zuckerman (UCLA)E. Becklin (UCLA)P. Lowrance (Caltech)B. Macintosh (LLNL)M. Bessell (ANU)
VLT CollaboratorsC. Dumas (ESO)G. Chauvin (ESO)
First imaging detection of a gravitationallybound, extrasolar, planetary-mass companion.
NICMOS CORONAGRAPHIC SURVEY OF 116NEARBY (20 - 100 pc from Earth)YOUNG (a few million to ~ 100 million years)STARS & BROWN DWARFSSTARTED JULY, 2004 (HST cycle 13)*
*see: poster # 34
HST/GO 10176 TeamI. Song, PI (Gemini Obs.)G. Schneider (UofA)B. Zuckerman (UCLA)E. Becklin (UCLA)P. Lowrance (Caltech)B. Macintosh (LLNL)M. Bessell (ANU)
NICMOS CORONAGRAPHIC SURVEY OF 116NEARBY (20 - 100 pc from Earth)YOUNG (a few million to ~ 100 million years)STARS & BROWN DWARFS STARTED JULY, 2004 (HST cycle 13)
Larger angular separations: - less challenging image contrasts - more accurate photometry
NICMOS CORONAGRAPHIC SURVEY OF 116NEARBY (20 - 100 pc from Earth)YOUNG (a few million to ~ 100 million years)STARS & BROWN DWARFS STARTED JULY, 2004 (HST cycle 13)
Thermally emissive: - INFRARED “bright” from residual heat of formation
NICMOS CORONAGRAPHIC SURVEY OF 116NEARBY (20 - 100 pc from Earth)YOUNG (a few million to ~ 100 million years)STARS & BROWN DWARFS STARTED JULY, 2004 (HST cycle 13)
Including 2MASSWJ 1207334-393254 (2M1207)
NICMOS CORONAGRAPHIC SURVEY OF 116NEARBY (20 - 100 pc from Earth)YOUNG (a few million to ~ 100 million years)STARS & BROWN DWARFS STARTED JULY, 2004 (HST cycle 13)
Program Status: 77% Completed (02 May 2005)
NICMOS CORONAGRAPHIC SURVEY OF 116NEARBY (20 - 100 pc from Earth)YOUNG (a few million to ~ 100 million years)STARS & BROWN DWARFS STARTED JULY, 2004 (HST cycle 13)
• Identifying individual EGP candidates for astrometric, photometric, spectroscopic follow-up.
• Will provide statistics on EGP population distribution at orbital distances beyond the current reach of Radial Velocity surveys.
• Will inform on minimum mass for Jeans mass fragmentation (e.g., Low & Bell 176 367 (1976), suggested at ~ 7 Mjup), with detection sensitivities in the 1 - 10 Mjup range at 10’s to 100’s of AU.
NICMOS CORONAGRAPHIC SURVEY OF 116NEARBY (20 - 100 pc from Earth)YOUNG (a few million to ~ 100 million years)STARS & BROWN DWARFS including 2M1207STARTED JULY, 2004 (HST cycle 13)
Giant Planet CompanionCandidate
May, 2004VLT CollaboratorsSuggested 2M1207:
A Giant Planet CandidateNear a Young Brown Dwarf:Direct VLT/NACO* ObservationsUsing IR Wavefront Sensing
Oct 2004: A & A, 425, L29
VLT/AO TEAM (NACO)G. Chauvin, A.-M. Lagrange, C. Dumas, B. Zuckerman,D. Mouillet, I. Song, J.-L. Beuzit, P. Lowrance
“Very faint, very red object @ ~ 780 mas”
*NACO/CONICA: (Near-IR camera) Adaptive Optics Configuration
2M1207 TW Hya Assn Member Age: 8 +4/-3 MyrsDistance: 70 ± 20 pcSpectrum: M8.525 Jupiter-Mass BD
Zuckerman et al 2001 (ApJ 562 87)Gziz 2002 (ApJ 575 484)
Ortega et al 2002 (ApJ 575 75)Song et al 2003 (ApJ 559 342)
Mohanty et al 2003 (A&A 441 517)Gizis & Bharat 2004 (ApJ 608 113)
Sterzik et al 2004 (A&A 427 245)Zuckerman & Song 2004 (ARA&A 42 685)
VLT/NACO Discovery Image (H, Ks, L’)
*
* d ~ 52 +/-8 pc Mamajek, poster 26 this symposium
(revised position & uncertainties)
VLT/AO TEAM (NACO) G. Chauvin (ESO), A.-M. Lagrange (Obs. de Grenoble) C. Dumas (ESO), B. Zuckerman (UCLA), D. Mouillet (Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées), I. Song (Gemini Observatory), J.-L. Beuzit (Observatoire de Grenoble), P. Lowrance (SSC/IPAC)
VLT/NACO OBSERVATIONS (APRIL/JUNE 2004) - IMAGING IN 3 SPECTRAL BANDS > 1.6 m (H, Ks, L’) “Colors” suggestive of Young Extra-Solar Giant Planet (EGP) - GPCC UNDETECTED IN 1.26 m J-band Source too faint for declining AO performance at short ’s - LOW RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY @ 1.5 - 1.8 m With broad absorption indicative of H20, expected for young EGPs
SUGGESTED:Mass = 5 ± 2 x Jupiter,
Temperature = 1250K ± 200K
* Scholz et al (2005)” (-78 +/- 11 , -24 +/ -9 ) mas/year
2M1207 Proper Motion: ~ (-55 , -24 )* mas/year
Rapid Common PM Follow-up
0.774”
54 AU
@ 70 pc
(projected on sky)
Location of 2M1207
Giant Planet CompanionCandidate
HST/NICMOS CAMERA 1 FOLLOW-UP IMAGINGEpoch 2: 08/28/2004 (4 month astrometric baseline w.r.t VLT)
PSF subtracted image F090M (0.9m) F110M (1.1m) F160W (1.6m)
40 +/- 6 AU @ 52 +/- 8 pc
At 0.9 microns the 2M1207b: - has an apparent magnitude of +22.3 (08/28/2004) - is 720 times fainter than 2M1207 (mag +15.20) - is 44 times fainter than it is at 1.6 microns
NICMOS observations exploit the stability of the HST Point Spread Function to reduce the background light from2M1207A and improve the image contrasts.
F090M(0.9m) F110M(1.1m) F160W(1.6m)
2M1207b is 774 mas from 2M1207A
HST/NICMOS Camera 1 Observations of 2M1207Two Orbits at Two Field Orientations
9.9° Roll - Constrained by Available Guide Stars
F090M(0.9m) F110M(1.1m) F160W(1.6m)
4-Point Dither Combined ImagesROLL ORIENTATION # 1
F090M(0.9m) F110M(1.1m) F160W(1.6m)
4-Point Dither Combined ImagesROLL ORIENTATION # 2
HST/NICMOS Camera 1 Observations of 2M1207Two Orbits at Two Field Orientations
9.9° Roll - Constrained by Available Guide Stars
HST/NICMOS Camera 1 Observations of 2M1207
F090M(0.9m) F110M(1.1m) F160W(1.6m)
4-Point Dither Combined ImagesDIFFERENCE IMAGE
HST/NICMOS Camera 1 Observations of 2M1207
F090M(0.9m) F110M(1.1m) F160W(1.6m)
4-Point Dither Combined ImagesSIMULTANEOUS BEST-FIT OPTICAL MODEL
HST/NICMOS Camera 1 Observations of 2M1207
F090M(0.9m) F110M(1.1m) F160W(1.6m)
4-Point Dither Combined ImagesBEST-FIT MODEL SUBTRACTIONS - Negative Image Nulling
QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
F090M(0.9m) F110M(1.1m) F160W(1.6m)
HST/NICMOS Camera 1 Observations of 2M1207
BEST-FIT MODEL SUBTRACTIONS
HST/NICMOS Camera 1 Observations of 2M1207
INVERT SECOND ORIENTATION
HST/NICMOS Camera 1 Observations of 2M1207
ROTATE TO SAME SKY ORIENTATION
HST/NICMOS Camera 1 Observations of 2M1207
ROTATE TO SAME SKY ORIENTATION
HST/NICMOS Camera 1 Observations of 2M1207
F090M(0.9m) F110M(1.1m) F160W(1.6m)
4-Point Dither Combined ImagesCOMBINATION IMAGES
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
BLUE = F090M(0.9m)GREEN=F110M(1.1m)RED=F160W(1.6m)
Epoch 2 astrometry - NICMOS -Schneider et al 2004 AAS 205 114
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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BLUE = F090M(0.9m)GREEN=F110M(1.1m)RED=F160W(1.6m)
Common Proper Motion Probability*: 2.6 (99.1%) -Schneider et al 2004 AAS 205 114
*Predicated on earlier, more uncertain, PM for 2M1207
than Scholz et al 2005(shown here).
VLT/NACO & HST/NICMOS PHOTOMETRY 4/27/2004 & 8/28/2004
~Temp. < 1200 K
Temp. = 2750 K
APPARENT MAGNITUDEwaveln 2M1207b 2M1207A mag 0.9m: +22.34 ± 0.35 +15.20 ± 0.03 +7.14 ± 0.351.1m: +20.16 ± 0.15 +13.29 ± 0.03 +7.02 ± 0.151.6m: +18.24 ± 0.02 +12.62 ± 0.02 +5.62 ± 0.032.2m: +16.93 ± 0.11 +11.95 ± 0.03 +4.98 ± 0.113.8m: +15.28 ± 0.14 +11.38 ± 0.14 +3.90 ± 0.17}
BOTH}HST
VLT
0
6 7 8 9 10Log10 Age (years)
80Mjup
14Mjup
JUPITER
SATURN
STARS (Hydrogen burning)
BROWN DWARFS (Deuterium burning)PLANETS
200Mjup
Evolution of M Dwarf Stars, Brown Dwarfsand Giant Planets (from Adam Burrows)
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
Log
10 L
/Lsu
m
sun
Cooling Curves for Substellar Objects
NICMOS Companion Detection Limit (M type primary)NICMOS Companion Detection Limit (M type primary)
2M1207A
2M1207b
HST/NICMOS CAMERA 1 OBSERVATIONS (AUGUST 2004) : - IMAGING IN 3 SPECTRAL BANDS < 1.6 m (H, 1.1 & 0.9 m) Provided short wavelength diagnostic flux densities (& color indices) - 2M1207B IMAGED & PHOTOMETERED IN ALL BANDS “Colors” and Flux Densities Consistent with Young EGP Mass Object
.
CLEARCLOUDY
Teff = 1200KAge = 6.5 Myr[g] = 3.778-----------------5 M jupiter1.44 R jupiter0.000041 Lsun
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8Wavelength (microns)
F110M F160WF090M
THEORETICAL EGP SPECTRA (A. Burrows)
IMPLICATED: Temperature < 1200K, Mass < 5 Jupiter.~ ~
VLT/SPECTRUM
Epoch 3 & 4 astrometry - VLT(Chauvin et al 2005 astro-ph 4/29/05)
0.774”
54 AU
@ 70 pc
(projected on sky)
Location 2M1207A
2M1207b
HST/NICMOS CAMERA 1 2nd FOLLOW-UP IMAGINGEpoch 5: 26 APRIL 2005
12 month astrometric baseline w.r.t 1st VLT image7 month astrometric baseline w.r.t. 1st NICMOS image
PSF subtracted images F090M (0.9m) F145M (1.45m) F160W (1.6m)
.
CLEARCLOUDY
Teff = 1200KAge = 6.5 Myr[g] = 3.778-----------------5 M jupiter1.44 R jupiter0.000041 Lsun
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8Wavelength (microns)
F110M F160WF090M
THEORETICAL EGP SPECTRA (A. Burrows)
HST/NICMOS CAMERA 1 2nd FOLLOW-UP IMAGING
F145M (1.45m) imaging in H20 absorption band
F145M
2M1207A/b - 26 APR 05 NICMOS F160W (1.6m)
-2 to +2 ADU/second/pixel
HST/NICMOS CAMERA 1 2nd FOLLOW-UP IMAGING
2M1207A/b - 26 APR 05 NICMOS F145M (1.45m)
-0.4 to + 0.4 ADU/second/pixel
HST/NICMOS CAMERA 1 2nd FOLLOW-UP IMAGING
2M1207A/b - 26 APR 05NICMOS F090M (0.9m)
-0.03 to + 0.03 ADU/second/pixel
HST/NICMOS CAMERA 1 2nd FOLLOW-UP IMAGING
HST/NICMOS CAMERA 1 2nd FOLLOW-UP IMAGING2M1207A/b - 26 APR 05NICMOS F090M (0.9m)
-0.03 to + 0.03 ADU/second/pixel
HST/NICMOS CAMERA 1 2nd FOLLOW-UP IMAGING
F145M (1.45m) imaging in H20 absorption band
2M1207b APPARENT MAGNITUDES
m 04/27/04 VLT 08/28/2004 HST 04/26/2005 HST 0.90 +22.34 ± 0.35 +22.58 ± 0.35 1.10 +20.61 ± 0.15 1.45 +19.05 ± 0.031.60 +18.24 ± 0.02 +18.27 ± 0.02 2.20 +16.93 ± 0.11 3.90 +15.28 ± 0.14
Epoch 5 astrometry - NICMOSUnequivocal common P.M.
The 2M1207 System
MASS(A) ~ 25 Mjup, MASS(b) < ~ 5 Mjup
Model Dependent: Burrows et al 1997, Chabrier et al 2000, Baraffe et al 2001
2M1207A mass derived from surface gravity from spectral line shapes (Mohantey et al 2003*) with distance and Teff get luminosity and radius.Distance uncertain by ~ 30% (70 ± 20 pc). Need trigonometric parallax!
How “GOOD” are Non-Dynamical Mass Estimates?(Corollary: How “good” are the models?)
*For upper Sco Baraffe may overestimate mass, so 2M1207b < 5 Mjup?
AB Dor. Models suggest BD mass. Close et al (2005) dynamical observations suggests models underestimate substellar masses.AB Dor at Stellar/BD boundary. Gabor/Mohantey suggest models will underestimate masses in that domain but may overestimate planetary masses.
The 2M1207 System
MASS(A) ~ 25 Mjup, MASS(b) < ~ 5 Mjup
Model Dependent: Burrows et al 1997, Chabrier et al 2000, Baraffe et al 2001
amin ~ 40 AU*, Pmin ~ 1500 yr * for 52 pc
HST/NICMOS differential astrometric precison ~ 2 mas.Annual measures with 1 precision w.r.t. orbital motion.
Mean Orbital Motion = 14.4’/year(circular, face on): ~ 3.5 mas of apparent motion/yr
Thinking toward the future…
(1° around the orbit in 5 years…)
It is of Planetary Mass, but is it a “PLANET”?
2MASSWJ 1207334-393254A
2MASSWJ 1207334-393254b
Field Star
2M1207b
2b
Toobe
Or… not to be?
(Trivial?)
Nomenclature: 2MASSWJ 1207334-393254b
Question in Conclusion:
(how did it form: collision, embryonic-ejection, core accretion, grav. collapse/ fragmentation, photo-evap in massive SF association?)
That is the question!
It is of Planetary Mass, but Is it a “PLANET”?
2MASSWJ 1207334-393254A
2MASSWJ 1207334-393254b
Field Star
Question in Conclusion:
(how did it form: collision, embryonic-ejection, core accretion, grav. collapse/ fragmentation, photo-evap in massive SF association?)
WHAT NEXT?0.9m 1.1m 1.6m
HST CYLE 14 - GO/10538
PSF-Subtracted Grism Spectrophotometry
0.8 – 1.2 m (40 ksec) & 1.1 – 1.8 m (10 ksec) in 18 HST Orbits
NICMOS & VLT Imaging of2MASSWJ 1207334-393254 (aka 2M1207)
A Planetary-Mass Companion to aYoung Brown Dwarf
Glenn Schneider (Steward Observatory, U. Arizona)
HST/GO 10176 TeamI. Song, PI (Gemini Obs.)G. Schneider (UofA)B. Zuckerman (UCLA)E. Becklin (UCLA)P. Lowrance (Caltech)B. Macintosh (LLNL)M. Bessell (ANU)
VLT CollaboratorsC. Dumas (ESO)G. Chauvin (ESO)