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NICA Collider Complex at JINR: Challenges and Prospects

Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility

V.Kekelidze, R.Lednitsky, A.Matveev,

I.Meshkov, A.Sorin, G.Trubnikov

JINR, Dubna

XXI DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics Symposium

Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 8-12 December 2014

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Outline

NICA Project I.Meshkov XXI DAE-BRNS HEP Symposium IIT Guwahati 8-12 December 2014

Introduction: The NICA project at JINR 1.  Research program of the NICA project A. Heavy ions: Search for the Mixed Phase of Baryonic Matter

B. Spin physics 2. NICA – Stage I 3. NICA – Stage II 4. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration … 5. Booster Synchrotron Construction 6. Nuclotron Upgrade 7. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration … (Contnd) 8. MultiPurpose Detector (MPD) 9. NICA – Stage III : Collider of polarized beams 10. NICA Collaboration 11. Civil engineering – Status and Plans Summary: The NICA Beams

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Introduction: The NICA Project at JINR

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ArmeniaArmeniaAzerbaijanAzerbaijanBelarus Belarus BulgariaBulgariaCuba Cuba Czech Republic Czech Republic Georgia Georgia Kazakhstan Kazakhstan D. P. Republic of Korea D. P. Republic of Korea Moldova Moldova Mongolia Mongolia Poland Poland Romania Romania Russian Federation Russian Federation Slovakia Slovakia Ukraine Ukraine Uzbekistan Uzbekistan VietnamVietnam

Participation of Egypt, Germany, Hungary, the Republic of South Participation of Egypt, Germany, Hungary, the Republic of South Africa and Serbia in JINR Africa and Serbia in JINR activities is based on bilateral agreements signed on the governactivities is based on bilateral agreements signed on the governmental levelmental level

What is the JINR: Joint Institute for Nuclear Research - International Intergovernmental Organization

that has at present 18 member-states.

6 associated member-states - Egypt, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Rep. of South Africa and Serbia perform at JINR dedicated research programs based on bilateral governmental agreements.


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The NICA project is aimed to develop, construct and commission at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia) a modern accelerator complex

Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) equipped with two detectors

MultiPurpose Detector (MPD) &

Spin Physics Detector (SPD)

and perform experiments on search of the mixed phase of baryonic matter state

and nature of nucleon/particle spin

Introduction: The NICA Project at JINR


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Chemical freeze-out,

i.e. hadronization

& hadronic phase

“Chemical freeze-out” – finish of inelastic interactions, expansion; “Kinetic freeze-out” – finish of elastic interactions, separation of

secondary particles.

Start of the collision

pre-equilibrium

Kinetic freeze-out,

i.e. hadronic phase

& separation of fragments

4 fm/c 10 fm/c

1 fm/c = 1×10-13/ 3×1010 = 3.33×10-24 sec

QGP – Quark-gluon plasma

1. NICA Research Program A.  Heavy Ions:

Search for The Mixed Phase of Baryonic Matter

Evolution of Collision Region in Nucleus-Nucleus Interaction


Deconfinement in heavy ion collisions QGP and

hydrodynamic expansion

6 NICA Project I.Meshkov XXI DAE-BRNS HEP Symposium IIT Guwahati 8-12 December 2014

Baryon density in Au + Au collisions at √sNN = 4 - 11 GeV

QCD phase diagram at hadronic freeze-out

E1+E2: RHIC (collider exper-t) E : SIS-300 FAIR (fixed target, simulation)

Theory vs Experiment: J.Randrup & Jean Cleymans Phys. Rev. C74 (2006) 047901

ε* = mN⋅nB

1. NICA Research Program A. Heavy Ions

Net baryon density nB = n_baryon - n_antibaryon [fm-3 ]

Max. nB

First indication, i.e. “a hint” – where to explore!

√sNN ≡ total collision energy per nucleon in CMS

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The First Proposal of Experiments at JINR: To search A Mixed Phase of Strongly Interacting QCD Matter

at The JINR Nuclotron Ø  A.N. Sissakian, A.S. Sorin, M.K. Suleymanov,

V.D. Toneev, and G.M. Zinovjev arXiv:nucl-ex/0601034 v1 24 Jan 2006

Ø  A.N. Sissakian, A. S. Sorin, and V. D. Toneev Proc. of the 33rd Intern. High Energy Physics conference,

(“Rochester”) ICHEP’06 Moscow, July 26 – August 02, 2006, v.I, p.p. 421 - 427


An optimal way to reach the highest possible baryon density is heavy ion collision at √sNN = 4 - 11 GeV


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Expected region of

phase transition at

max baryonic density

We are not alone!


SIS-18 (GSI)

Nuclotron-M (JINR)

SPS (NA-49/61, CERN)

AGS (BNL)

Booster NICA (JINR) 2017

NICA (JINR)

SIS-100 (FAIR)

SIS-300 (FAIR)

2 4 6 8 20 40 60 80 for Au+Au 1 10 102

Accelerators & Colliders

2019

2019

20??

√SNN, GeV

Fixed target: L - limited by detectors

Colliders: scale of L, in cm-2⋅s-1

1027

1025

1023

Future HI Machines

RHIC (BNL)

Existing HI Machines 197Au79+×197Au79+

1.  NICA Research Program

A. Heavy Ions

BES @ RHIC

9 NICA Project – Challenges and Tasks I.Meshkov IVESC-ICEE-ICCTPEA-BDO-2014 Saint-Petersburg

Accelerators & Colliders 1.  NICA Research Program

A. Heavy Ions CERN Accelerator complex (2009) LHC (14 TeV ) & SPS (fixed target program)

CMS"

ATLAS "ALICE"

SPS"

LHC Tunnel"

LHC magnet"3D scheme

Main control

room"

LHC Ring"

NA49/61/SHINE"

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A. Heavy Ions

RHIC

STAR"PHENIX"

maximum energy in ion-ion collisions √SNN = 200 GeV

Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider


SIS-100/300

√s ≤ 2,5 AGeV SIS100 √sNN ≤ 5 GeV SIS300 √sNN ≤ 8.4 GeV

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A. Heavy Ions

Fixed target program at FAIR

(CBM exp-t)


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What are we looking for?



QCD phase diagram 2010 (“the fork”)


nB/n0

Hadronic phase

Quark-Gluon Plasma

Tripple point

Mixed phase

nB = n_baryon - n_antibaryon

Nuclei Collision and Phase Trajectories in T-nB space

The most intriguing and low-studied area of the QCD phase diagram: high nB at high T!

Critical point

LHC (ALICE) & HE RHIC

CERN (NA-‐6

1/SHINE),

RHIC (BES),

NICA, FAIR

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The Mixed Phase: Hadrons (nucleons, mesons and hyperons) “mixed” with leptons and free quarks.

Classic analog: boiling water Light

Light

Below critical point

At critical point

”quarkyonic baryons” + “massless quarks”! Impossible to diagnose!?

“New physics”!?

(Hypothetical) Quarkyonic Phase - - intermediate between nuclear matter and “just” quarks. It is the state of quarks + baryons. But special particles:


Quark-gluon plasma (QGP): Mixture of free quarks and gluons

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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

-45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

Big Bang => Hot Universe => … => => Quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and NICA project


SPS (CERN), RHIC (BNL), NICA, SIS-100 (FAIR)

t ~ 1 µs

Log(t)[sec]

Log(T)[K]

Inflation Era

Hadron – lepton Era

Nucleon Era

Formation of stars and galaxies

Formation of light nuclei


Electromagnetic Force Weak Force

Gravition force

Strong (Nuclear) Force

Electroweak force

Planck Era GUT

force

Grand Unification Theory (GUT)

Our era 13.798 ± 0.037 billion years

(Planck Mission data, 2013)

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Detection of The Mixed Phase

1) Elliptic flow of central fireball matter What to look for ?

Reaction plane

ρ


Anisotropy in momentum space

Result:

px

py It allows one to reconstruct initial parameters of a collision: §  Reaction plane §  Impact parameter ρ

ΨR is the angle of reaction plane tilting about collider/detector median plane;

v2 is elliptic flow parameter that indicates to a strongly interacting matter at t ~ 0.

...)](4cos[2)](2cos[21 42 +Ψ−+Ψ−+∝ RR vvd

dNφφ

φx

y

p

patan=φ




What to look for ?

+

-

excess of posi=ve charge

excess of nega=ve charge

Electric dipole moment of QCD maJer!

2) Measurement of charge asymmetry WRT reaction plane => => a possible signature of strong P violation.

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What to look for ? Detection of The Mixed Phase

3) The “Horn” - Indication to Onset of Deconfinement?

Pb+Pb, Au+Au

p+p

AGS (BNL) SPS/NA49 (CERN) RHIC/STAR (BNL) LHC/ALICE (CERN) p+p World data

One of the effect measured in experiments is dependence on energy of the multiplicity ratio

R = 〈K+〉/〈π+〉 at y* ≈ 0, i.e. θ ≈ π/2

The “Horn”

R(√sNN)

*) 𝒚= 𝟏/𝟐 𝒍𝒏(𝑬+𝒑𝒄∙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽/𝑬−𝒑𝒄∙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 ) - “pseudorapidity”

Non-monotonic dependence of the K+/p+ ratio on energy

The “Horn – - is it indication to onset of deconfinement?

NICA has to study!

RHIC-BES NA49/61

NICA NA49 RHIC


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What to look for ? Detection of The Mixed Phase

4) Registration of leptons

Leptons? Where from? => decaying mesons:

u,d QGP: s, c

g

nucleons

mesons (π, ρ, ω, φ, J/Ψ, …)

nuclei

e+e-, µ+µ-, νe, νµ

4 fm/c 10 fm/c

chemical freeze-out

… …

Thus, Leptons bring information about QGP-phase structure!


5) Registration of photons

Photons give us temperature of QGP (!) [I.Tseruya, November 2014]

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Let’s remember classic analogy: boiling water –

- a flow of bubbles fluctuates tremendously.

Which fluctuations should one look for? The idea: to locate the critical point using correlation / fluctuation of experimental data, e.g. dispersion and higher momenta of R = 〈K+〉/〈π+〉 ): DR = 〈(R - 〈R〉)2〉

M3R = 〈(R - 〈R〉)3〉 ………………….


What to look for ? Much convincing:

6) Fluctuations! They are “a sign” of the mixed phase: system becomes unstable at the two-phases stage!


And fluctuations of other parameters of collision reactions…


Experiment at RHIC at √s ~ 200 GeV/u has given zero result:

DR = M3R =… = M6R = 0.

At low energy (Beam Energy Scan – BES) STAR/RHIC could not study

correlation due to lack of statistics (low luminosity, see below).



Theoretical Basis - NICA White Paper

111 contributions: 188 authors from 70 centers in 24 countries

Editorial board: D.Blaschke V.Matveev E.Bratkovskaya D.Kharzeev A.Sorin H.Stöcker O.Teryaev I.Tserruya N.Xu

http://theor.jinr.ru/twikicgi/view/NICA/WebHome

Draft v. 10.01 January 24, 2014

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Motivation:

“Experiments with spin have killed more theories than any other single physical parameter.”

James Daniel Bjorken [Quoted by the book of Elliot Leader, “Spin in Particle Physics”, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001]

1. NICA Research Program B. Spin Physics

Another version: “Polarization data has often been the graveyard of fashionable theories. If theorists had their way they might well ban such measurements altogether out of self-protection.”

J.D. Bjorken (From O.Teryaev 23.05.2014)



10 102

√SNN, GeV

Nuclotron-M (JINR)

COSY (FZJ) AGS (BNL)

NICA (JINR)

2 4 6 8 20 40 60 80 1

p↑ p↑ 2020

Future Machines with Polarized Beams

RHIC (BNL)

1. NICA Research Program B. Spin Physics

Accelerators & Colliders

d↑ d↑ p↑ p↑

d ↑ d ↑

dd↑ p↑ p↑

CEBAF (JLab)

e↑p↑

Existing Machines with Polarized Beams

p p↑

Nuclotron-M (JINR)

d↑ d↑

p↑ p↑

CEBAF (JLab)

e↑p↑

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Conf. participants at Vladimir Veksler monument inauguration

At SPIN’2012 Conference in Dubna

(September 17 – 22, 2012) the Working Group has started preparation of the spin physics program to operate with polarized pp, pd & dd beams at NICA,

continued at Prague Workshop Spin’2013 (July 2013).

1. NICA Research Program

B. Spin Physics

NICA Project – Challenges and Tasks I.Meshkov IVESC-ICEE-ICCTPEA-BDO-2014 Saint-Petersburg

95% polarization of opinions!

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MPD

Spin Physics Detector (SPD)

2. NICA – Stage I

Bldg #1

Bldg #205

Bldg #1

2.5 m

4.0 m

Booster

KRION-6T & «New»

linac

Nuclotron facility today

Nuclotron

Fixed target experiments

2014

Bldg #1 Synchrophasotron

yoke

Bldg #205

SPI & ЛУ-20

(“Od” linac)

Tomorrow 2017 NICA – Stage I


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Nuclotron Beams NICA – Stage I

Parameter Project (2017) Achieved

Magnetic field, T 2.0 (Bρ = 42.8 T⋅m) 2.0

Field ramp, T/s 1.0 0.8

Repetition period, s 5.0 8.0

Energy, GeV/u Ions/ cycle Energy, GeV/u Ions/ cycle

Light ions ⇒ d 6.0 5⋅1010 5.6 1⋅1010

Heavy ions With KRION-6T & Booster Without KRION-2 40Ar18+ 4.9 2⋅1010 3.5 5⋅106 56Fe26+ 5.4 1⋅1010 2.5 2⋅106

124Xe48/42+ 4.0 2⋅109 1.5 1⋅103 197Au79+ 4.5 2⋅109 --- ---

Polarized beams With SPI & Siberian snake With POLARIS

p↑ 11.9 1⋅1010 --- ---

d↑ 5.6 1⋅1010 2.0 5⋅108


NICA Project I.Meshkov XXI DAE-BRNS HEP Symposium IIT Guwahati 8-12 December 2014 27

Project “Baryonic Matter @ Nuclotron” (BM@N)

BM@N collaboration: 19 scientific centers: INR, SINP MSU, IHEP …(Russia); GSI, Frankfurt U., Gissen U. (Germany); CBM-MPD IT-Consortium …

TS – Target Station FH – Forward Hodoscopes ST – Straw Tube tracker DC – Drift Chambers RPC – Resistive Plate Chamber ZDC – Zero Degree Calorimeter

BM@N will study the same physics as NICA/MPD (see below) and CBM/FAIR, but at extremely low energy √s = 2.3 ÷ 3.47 GeV/u .

(CBM => “Compressed Baryonic Matter” experiment at FAIR, Germany)

NICA – Stage I

28

Area ready for detector allocation

counting rooms

Project BM@N, Preparation in Bld. 205

NICA – Stage I

Modernized magnet СП-41


29 29

MPD

2019 NICA – Stage II

Nuclotron

Fixed target experiments

Bldg #1 Synchrophasotron

yoke

SPI & ЛУ-20

(“Od” linac)

KRION-6T & «New»

linac

Bldg #1

2.5 m

4.0 m

Booster

3. NICA – Stage II

Bldg #205

Collider C = 503 m

Spin Physics Detector (SPD) Stage III


Key Parameters of The NICA Collider

3. NICA – Stage II (Heavy Ion Mode)

Ring circumference, m 503,04

Number of bunches 22

R.m.s. bunch length, m 0.6

Ring acceptance, π⋅mm⋅mrad 40.0

Long. Acceptance, Δp/p ≤ 0.01

γtransition (Etransition, GeV/u) 7.091 (5.72)

β*, m 0.35

Ion Energy, GeV/u 1.0 3.0 4.5

Ion number/bunch, 1e9 0.275 2.4 2.2

R.m.s. emittance, h/v π⋅mm⋅mrad

1.1/1.0 1.1/0.9 1.1/0.76

R.m.s. Δp/p, 1e-3 0.62 1.25 1.65

IBS growth time, s 190 700 2500

Peak luminosity, cm-2⋅s-1 1.1e25 1e27 1e27

Collider lattice:

FODO, 12 cells x 900

each arc,


31 31

Nuclotron (45 Tm) injection of one bunch

of ≤ 2×109 ions, acceleration up to 1 - 4.5 GeV/u max.

Linac LU-20 Ion

sources

Fixed Target Area

Booster (25 Tm) 1(2-3) single-turn injection, storage of (2 ÷ 4)×109 ions,

acceleration up to 100 MeV/u, electron cooling, acceleration

up to 600 MeV/u

Two SC collider rings

Linac HILac KRION

IP-2

~ 2 x 22 injection cycles 22 bunches per ring

Facility operation scenario

3. NICA – Stage II: Structure and Operation Regimes (Heavy Ion Mode)

IP-1

Stripping (80%) 197Au31+ => 197Au79+

That is why we need a Booster: to accelerate => to strip => to accelerate up to as high as possible (for Nuclotron) energy!


2. Adiabatic capture and preliminary bunch compression with harmonic RF voltage on 22-th harmonics of revolution frequency, formation of the beam of 22 bunches,

RF-2 acceleration station of harmonic voltage 3. Adiabatic capture and final compression of 22 bunches with harmonic RF voltage of 66-th harmonics of revolution frequency, formation of the beam consisting of 22 bunches of 0.6 m r.m.s. length,

RF-3 acceleration station of harmonic voltage

… bunch empty bucket empty bucket bunch

Final beam structure:

1.  Ion storage with barrier bucket method and electron cooling, acceleration up to experiment energy

RF-1 acceleration station of “barrier voltage”

Three Steps of Beam Formation in NICA Collider

Why 22 bunches? – To avoid parasitic collisions in common parts of the beam trajectories!

Facility operation scenario



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Equilibrium beam emittance vs Eion ,

π⋅mm⋅mrad

Two operation regimes

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50.01

0.1

1

10

0.01

0.1

1

1010

0.01

L.ε E.i( )L.opt E.i( )

10

0.01

N.ε E.i( )N.opt E.i( )

4.51 E.i

10 L(Ei)

1e27 cm-2⋅s-1

1.0

0.1

0.01 1 2 3 4

Ion energy, GeV/u

Space charge IBS dominated dominated regimes

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.50

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.21.2

0

ε.A

ε.opt E.i( )

4.51 E.i

1 2 3 4 Ion energy, GeV/u

1.2 ε(Ei)

0.8

0.4

0

εopt

εmax

Lopt Lmax

Nopt

Nmax

10 Ion/bunch,

1E9

1.0

0.1

0.01

Electron and stochastic cooling application!

Emittance reduction with energy:




Intriguing question: Why RHIC has low luminosity at the energy where luminosity of NICA is relatively high??

The reason is the beam space charge: Nbunch ∝ 1/Cring , L ∝ (Nbunch)2 ∝ 1/(Cring)2 !

CRHIC/CNICA = 7.62 , LNICA / LRHIC = (CRHIC/CNICA)2 ≤ 58.1

1000

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

LNICA(Eion)

LRHIC(Eion)

1e25 cm-2⋅s-1

10

1

0.1

0.01

NNICA(Eion)

NRHIC(Eion)

Luminosity vs ion energy

Ion number per bunch vs ion energy, 1e9

1   2 3 4 4.5 Eion , GeV/u

1   2 3 4 4.5 Eion , GeV/u 34

Parameter RHIC NICA CRing, m 3834 503 Bunch length, m 1.0 0.6 Beam emiJance, π⋅mm⋅mrad 1.0 1.0 Number of intersec=ons 6 2 β*, m 1.0 0.35 Hour-‐glass factor 0.8 0.6


[ ] - element length ( ) - distance between elements

E-Cooler

Kickers of Stoch. Cooler

Pick-Ups of Stoch. Cooler

Disposition of the Collider elements in heavy ion mode

MPD

SPD

35


36

4. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration …

6T solenoid fabrication (2012)

4.1. Heavy Ion Source KRION-6T/ESIS (Electron String Ion Source modification)

KRION-6T/ESIS has been assembled and being tested (March 2014)

Test results (April 2014) : B= 5.4T magnetic field reached in a working regime. Test of gold ion beams has been produced:

• Au30+ ÷ Au3232+, 6⋅108, Tioniz= 20 ms for • Au32+ -> repetition rate 50 Hz. • ion beams Au51+÷ Au54+ are produced.


4.3. SC Magnets for Booster, Collider & SIS-100 (FAIR) SC Magnet Plant at VBLHEP (Bdg 217)

Co-investments from JINR and BMBF (GSI, Germany)


Design (2012) Construction (2013)

Workshop for SC coil production SC cable production machine March 2014

June 2014 37

1st pre-production magnet prototype of the Booster dipole has passed successfully magnetic field measurements in SC state – October 2014;

1st production magnet (“serial” Booster dipole) is planned to be delivered in January 2015.


38


38

38


Drift tubes and gaps along 3rd resonator of RFQ DTL section

Resonator # 1 of RFQ section

Assembled 2nd resonator of RFQ DTL section

4.2. Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator

(HILAc, 3 MeV/u)

is under construction at

BEVATECH Co (Frankfurt):

- first section was ready for delivery (October 2014);

- final delivery - June 2015.

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4.3. SC Magnets for Booster, Collider & SIS-100 (FAIR)


The Booster Magnets

Booster dipole and quadrupole lens UH vacuum beam chamber

(curved)

The Collider “twin” dipole


HTSC current leads 17 kA

40

Sextupole corrector prototype for SIS100 and NICA Booster and its assembly

4.3. SC Magnets for Booster, Collider & SIS-100 (FAIR)


The SIS 100 & NICA Magnets

Dipole & quadrupole prototypes for SIS100 (FAIR)

The Collider quadrupole

lens


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4.4. RF acceleration systems for Booster

RF for Booster (June 2013) has been delivered to JINR in September 2014

4.5. Electron cooler for Booster (stage of working design)

Electron cooler for Booster (Made for IMP Lanzhou, China and operated there, used as prototype for NICA Booster)

4.4 & 4.5. Budker INP (Novosibirsk) - design and fabrication

BINP-JINR team at 1st RF station: test at test-bench at JINR, November 2014

5. Booster Synchrotron Construction

Injection from HILac

Extraction to Nuclotron

Satellite refrigerator, Measurement period, Energy evacuation

Electron cooling

RF

HILac

LU20

Technical design is

completed

Particles p 197Au31+

Injection energy, MeV/u 3

Maximum energy, GeV/u 6.4 0.58

Magnetic rigidity, T·m 1.55 ÷ 25.0

Circumference, m 211.2

42


2007

42

The best method to measure phase space size

2011

2012 2012

!

2017

43

6. Nuclotron Upgrade

• Acceleration of 197Au79+ up to 4.5 GeV/u • Injection system for 197Au79+ at 600 MeV/u • Upgrade of RF system • Extraction system for 197Au79+ at 1 ÷ 4.5 GeV/u • Upgrade of control system (synchronization!)

The Nuclotron upgrade tasks for collider mode:

Nuclotron is SC synchrotron accelerating ions and delivering presently ion beams:

deuterons Emax = 4.8 GeV/u (B = 1.7 T)

124Xe42+ Emax = 3.0 GeV/u (B = 1.7 T).

The work is in steady progress…


44

JINR + BINP 7.1. Beam transfer channel Nuclotron - Collider (stage of working design)

7. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration … (Contnd)

Nuclotron

Channel lattice: pulsed magnets, 35 dipoles, 56 quadrupoles, Paverage ~ 200 kW



45

NbTi cable φ 0.5 мм L = 275 km $ 250,000

HTSC band 12 х 0.5 мм2 L = 11.5 km $ 350,000

Maximum electron energy, MeV 2.5

Electron beam current, A 0.1 – 1.0

Solenoids’ magnetic field, T 0.2

JINR + BINP + 7. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration … + AREI + Fermilab + NEC + Geliymash (Moscow) (Contnd)

7.2. Electron Cooler for NICA Collider – Two Versions 9 m

10 m

7.0 m

6 m 1.5 m

Electron energy 0.5 ÷ 2.5 MeV, electron beam current 0.1 ÷ 1 A

JINR version

BINP version

SC solenoids

(JINR version)

46

7. NICA Elements Fabrication in Collaboration … (Contnd)

JINR + FZ Jülich 7.3. Stochastic Cooling for NICA Collider

Pick-Up/Kicker Station (FZJ)

2 – 4 GHz structure

Stochastic Cooling Test experiment at Nuclotron March 2013 Schottky-signal spectrum Before (blue) and after (yellow) cooling Deuterons, 3 GeV/u, h = 3500, Nion = 2e9 December 2013 Carbon ions 12C6+

3 GeV/u, Nion = 5e8 Coasting beam τcool = 27 sec (h = 2500) Bunched beam τcool = 50 sec (h =2000)

До охлаждения

После 8 минут охлаждения

20 марта 2013 г.

Δp/p~2.5⋅10-4



8. MultiPurpose Detector (MPD) Solenoid of 0.66 T Cryostat & Subdetectors & probes’ identification:

Particle Tracking: *Time projection chamber (TPC) * Inner tracker (IT)

* End Cap Tracker (ECT)

Particle identification: * Time-of-flight detector (TOF) * Electromagnetic calorimeter (Ecal) * Time projection chamber (TPC)

Triggering (T0) * Fast Forward Detector (FFD)

Identification of centrality and event plane: * Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) FFD

Barrel

MPD advantages: Disadvantage: weight ≈ 860 tons ü  maximum and homogeneous detection efficiency (2π symmetry), ü  high “transparency” for particles (small amount of matter); ü  high quality of trajectories’ reconstruction and particle identification ü  high detection rate (~ 7 kHz)

48

Part I. NICA Project Concept & Status

8. MultiPurpose Detector (MPD)

3 stages of MPD commissioning

Forward spectrometer-B

Toroid

3-d stage Forward-

spectrometers (optional ?)

1-st stage (2019) Solenoid of 0.66T

“Barrel ECal”, TPC, ZDC, FFD

NICA Project – Challenges and Tasks I.Meshkov IVESC-ICEE-ICCTPEA-BDO-2014 Saint-Petersburg

2-nd stage Inner Tracker,

EndCap (“Straw”) Tracker, Endcap ECal


8. MultiPurpose Detector (MPD) 8.1. MPD Subdetectors’ Development

Time Projection Chamber - prototype 1

Cylinder C3 (Dec. 2013) (carbon-filled plastic)

Preparation for test with UV laser.

Field Cage prototype

HV electrode

The general view of the TPC Prototype-1

50


Fast Forward Detector (FFD)

JINR (VBLHEP) + Radium Institute (St.Petersburg).)

Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL “Shashlyk”)

JINR (VBLHEP & DLNP) + ISM (Kharkov)

INR (Troisk) + JINR (VBLHEP)

Pb + scintillator sampling (51) Read-out: fibers+ Avalanche PDs

ZDC coverage: 2.2<|h|<4.8

ZDC prototypes (JINR)

Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC)

Beam adjustment and collision trigger (30 ps)

FFD prototype module


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JINR (VBLHEP) + Hefei, Beijing (China))

MultiResistive Plate Counter (mRPC)

A full-scale double-stack mRPC prototype

Experimental setup for mRPC tests at Nuclotron (March 2013))


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8. MultiPurpose Detector (MPD) 8.2. MPD SC solenoid, B0=0.66 T

The design – close to completion; Survey for contractors – negotiations with EU companies (ASG, Genova, Germany) & Toshiba (Japan)

Possible subcontractors: Russian & Ukrainian

companies

TPC position

Correction coil (warm)

Design: Scientific Prodctn Association “Neva - Magnet” (St.Petersburg)

ΔB/B ≤ 1e-4

Simulated map of magnetic field


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9. NICA – Stage III : Collider of polarized beams

1st concept of the collider beams has been developed

It assumes acceleration of polarized protons (!) and deuterons in Nuclotron avoiding the Booster.

New concept with polarized particles acceleration in the Booster and storage in the Collider rings is under preliminary consideration.

Analysis of depolarization effects in the Collider is in progress.

Concept of polarized protons in Nuclotron has been developed, but its realization requires significant upgrade of Nuclotron.


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9.1. Source of Polarized p↑ & d↑ Ions SPI Collaboration of INR (Troitsk) & JINR

SPI test at Nuclotron with d↑ is planned for winter 2015.

It will be beginning of new stage of experiments with polarized beams at Nuclotron.

SPI at JINR, May 2013


Disposition of collider elements in polarized

beams mode

9.2. Scheme of The Collider of polarized beams



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Subdetector for muon pairs

9.3. Spin Physics Detector (SPD) – Very First Concept

Toroidal magnet

Main elements of the detector:

-  Silicon or MicroMega (inner tracking) -  Drift chambers or straw (for tracking) -  Cherenkov counter (for PID and trigger)

- EM calorimeter

- Trigger counters

-  EndCap detectors



First proposal of SPD concept is expected at the

end of 2015

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10. NICA Collaboration



Artistic view of the NICA facility

11. Civil engineering – Status and Plans

MPD

SPD Transfer

4500

4000

The Collider tunnel The technical project of NICA (civil engineering, equipment description and

disposition) has been completed in

2013 and has passed State Expertise (Sept. 2013).


11. Civil engineering – Status and Plans

Contract for the 1st phase of the Collider building construction has been signed with the building company “Strabag”, Austria (the winner of the tender). The 1st phase assumes preparatory work on NICA site analysis and infrastructure for construction work preparation. Then the 2nd phase – the building construction works – begin. Civil construction duration is estimated by Strabag Co as

36 months! Beginning of Collider mounting is planned for September 2018

Start up version of NICA commissioning

is scheduled for 2019.


21 November 2013. The cutting of the trees for clearance the NICA collider site:

11. Civil engineering – Status and Plans Phase 1 of Civil construction has been started

On-line web-camera (Feb.2014) http://nucloweb.jinr.ru/nucloserv/205corp.htm

On-line web-camera (Apr.2014)

24 June 2014 On-‐line web-‐camera (02 Dec. 2014)

The NICA site prepara=on (taking soil samples, hammering of test piles, etc.)

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Summary: The NICA Beams Heavy ion colliding beams up to 197Au79+ + 197Au79+

at √sNN = 4 ÷ 11 GeV , Laverage= 1x1027 cm-2⋅s-1

Light-Heavy ion colliding beams of the same √ sNN and the same

or higher Laverage

Polarized beams of protons and deuterons in collider mode:

p↑p↑ √spp = 12 ÷ 26 GeV Lmax ≈ 1x1032 cm-2⋅s-1 d↑d↑ √sNN = 4 ÷ 13.8 GeV

Extracted beams of light ions and polarized protons and

deuterons for fixed target experiments:

Li ÷ Au = 1 ÷ 4.5 GeV /u ion kinetic energy p↑, p↑ = 5 ÷ 12.6 GeV kinetic energy d↑, d↑ = 2 ÷ 5.9 GeV/u ion kinetic energy

Applied research on ion beams at kinetic energy above 3 MeV/u The set of NICA beams provides unique possibility

both for basic and applied researches in the forthcoming decades.


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BM@N experiment area

Nuclotron Booster

Collider

NICA at VBLHEP of JINR

New Linac

LU-20

Thank you for your attention!


nica collider complex at jinr: challenges and prospects · civil engineering – status and plans...

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