nfpa 45 fire protection for laboratories using chemicals

Flad Architects of 4 Flad Code Forum Notes : 30 March 2017

Flad Code Forum Notes 30 March 2017 1. Code Forums

a. Notes of past code forums are posted at : i. Flad Home Page / Resources / Codes / Forums / Year / Date of Forum.

b. This Code Forum will Discuss : NFPA 45 Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals

c. Additional information is contained in attached PowerPoint slides : PP-pages. NFPA 45 Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals – Refer to PP-01 through PP-82 2. Flad Resources – Laboratory : PP-03 through PP-05

a. Jim Adams wrote a concise summary of NFPA 45 and Lab Units : i. Resources / Codes / Documents and Links / Laboratory - Vivarium / NFPA 45.doc

b. Past code forum outlining the management of hazardous materials : i. Code Forum Notes 10-13-16.pdf

3. Laboratory Safety : PP-06 through PP-18 a. Lab safety is regulated by a series of governmental agencies, including CMS (Center for

Medicare & Medicaid Services). b. Nongovernmental agencies also regulate labs through certification. c. Most regulations are procedural and do not address the physical environment. d. ICC and NFPA are the model codes adopted by the majority of states.

i. NFPA 30 & NFPA 45 are referenced standards by the building codes. e. State-isms : Some states (and/or cities) have special lab requirements.

i. Seattle (1) Seattle modified the “base” Control Area requirements in their Fire Code (% of

MAQ by CA, Number of CAs per Floor, and FRR of CA separations) for spaces meeting the requirements of “Non-Production Laboratory Facilities.”

(2) All other CAs in spaces not defined as “Non-Production Laboratory Facilities” are required to meet the CA requirements in their Building Code.

ii. California (1) California created a new occupancy : Research Laboratory – Group L. (2) California added “Laboratory Suite” (LS) as a dedicated space within a building. (3) LS have requirements of their area, construction, ventilation, means of egress,

and percentage of MAQs differing from Control Areas (CA). iii. NY State and NY City

(1) NY added “Non-Production Chemical Laboratories”. (NPCL) (2) NPCL includes hazardous material storage rooms.

iv. Minnesota (1) MN modified the CA requirements for MAQs above the 3rd Story.

f. The term “laboratory” only occurs in the unedited IBC (2015) in Section 509 Incidental Uses.

4. History & References : PP-19 through PP-26 a. History of NFPA 45 predates the ICC codes (2000). b. Applicability of NFPA 45 depends on the applicable codes of the jurisdiction.

i. IBC does not reference NFPA 45. ii. NFPA 101 Life Safety Code (LSC) does reference NFPA 45 (non-health care).

(1) For labs in health care occupancies, LSC references NFPA 99. (a) NFPA 99 includes definitions of laboratory, gas appliance requirements, and

electrical requirements but the rest of the references send the user back to NFPA 45 for the majority of lab requirements.


c. Flow Chart : What are the applicable Codes? i. Identifies if Control Areas (CA) and/or Lab Units (LU) are required to be utilized.

5. Ch 1 Administration : PP-27 through PP-31 a. NFPA 45 is applicable IF :

i. Project includes laboratory functions involving the use and storage of hazardous materials (HM) of level 2, 3, and/or 4.

ii. Project includes education labs (K-12) and/or institutional labs (higher ed). b. NFPA 45 is NOT applicable IF :

i. Project meets (1) or more of the (9) exceptions listed. 6. Ch 3 Definitions : PP-32 through PP-38

a. Hierarchy : Lab Bldg – Lab – Lab Unit – Lab Work Area b. AHJ Interpretation : “Incidental contiguous rooms maintained for or used by lab

personnel” may be inside of the Lab Unit. How “incidental” these rooms are will be up to AHJ interpretation since the code is not prescriptive regarding this.

c. Lab Unit Diagrams i. Multiple options of separating/combining LUs & LWAs from/with one another.

d. Occupancy i. Educational LU (Class D or C) = K-12 = Educational Occupancy ii. Instructional LU (Class C or D) = Higher Ed = Business iii. LU (Class A, B, & C) = Industrial Occupancy iv. LU (Class D) = Business Occupancy

e. Classifications for Flammable Liquids (FL) : Class I – A, B, & C f. Classifications for Combustible Liquids (CL) : Class II & Class III – A & B

7. Ch 4 Laboratory Unit Hazard Classification : PP-39 through PP-42 a. LUs are classified as Class A through D.

i. Educational LUs are typically Class D although reduced CL/FL can achieve Class C. ii. Instructional LUs may be either Class C or D.

b. Max quantities of CLs and FLs are regulated by class (A-D) of LU. i. This differs from the Control Area (ICC) strategy of MAQs. No classifications for CAs.

8. Ch 5 Laboratory Unit Design and Construction : PP-43 through PP-46 a. LU classification (A-D) determines :

i. Maximum LU area, ii. Fire separation, iii. Location (stories above and/or below grade).

b. Means of Egress : 2nd M of E requirements & Door Swings 9. Ch 6 Fire Protection : PP-47 through PP-48

a. Sprinkler Systems – hazard level per LU classification b. Standpipes per number of stories c. FECs – hazard level per LU classification d. FA – manual required for Class A or B LUs

10. Ch 8 Chemical Storage, Handling, and Waste Disposal : PP-49 through PP-51 a. Owners should have an inventory system for procurement, use & storage, and waste

storage & disposal of HMs. b. If multiple LUs and/or CAs are included in the the Lab Bldg, inventory control of the

hazardous materials is crucial. 11. Ch 9 Flammable and Combustible Liquids : PP-52 through PP-57

a. Maximum quantities of FL and CL per tables. b. Container size restrictions.

12. Ch 10 Compressed and Liquefied Gases : PP-58 through PP-59 13. Ch 11 Laboratory Operations and Apparatus : PP-60 through PP-62 14. Ch 12 Educational and Instructional Laboratory Operations : PP-63 through PP-66 15. Ch 13 Hazard Identification : PP-67 through PP-69 16. Laboratory Units (LU) - Control Areas (CA) : PP-70 through PP-74


a. Comparison between LUs and CAs b. MAQ Tables

i. Formatted to compare LUs vs CAs ii. Lab Units (LU)

(1) Min Area w/MAQ = MAQ/100 sf x (a) Example : LU-Class A, FL (Class 1)

(i) (480 gallons x 100 sf) / 10 gallons = 4800 sf (Min Area of a LU w/MAQ) (ii) 10000 sf = Max Area of a LU-Class A.

iii. Control Areas (CA) (1) “Base MAQ” per Chapter 3 Table 307.1 (1) & (2) (2015 IBC)

(a) “Sprinkler” increase (100%) (b) “Cabinet” increase (100%) (c) “Sp + Cab” combined increase (400%)

(2) PP-74 : Comparison of MAQs per LUs and CAs (a) NA” = Not Applicable (b) “Use - Closed” column

(i) The only comparable hazardous material is FL - Class I (A, B, & C). (ii) CA (240 gallons) would be more stringent than LU-Class A (480 gallons).

(c) “Use (Closed) + Storage” column (i) CAs do not have MAQs that combine these (2) categories so the entire

column is “NA”. (d) “Use - Open” column

(i) The only comparable hazardous material is FL - Class I (A, B, & C). (ii) LU-Class A (48 gallons) would be more stringent than CA (60 gallons).

(e) “Storage” column (i) The only comparable hazardous material is FL - Class I (A, B, & C). (ii) LU-Class A (480 gallons) would be more stringent than CA (960 gallons).

17. Flad Project Example : PP-75 through PP-81 a. Laboratory Renovation

i. Attached to a licensed health care facility (hospital) in WI ii. Separated from HCF by a 2-Hr Fire Barrier

b. PP-76 : Applicable Codes & Standards i. Per DHS (state HC licensing authority), their office reviewed the plans since the lab

wing was not separated by a 4-Hr Fire Wall. ii. Hospital decided that they want to include the lab wing as part of the licensed HCF. iii. Applicable Codes

(1) WI Enrolled Building Code (WEBC) – State Building Code (a) Hazardous Materials = Control Areas

(2) 2000 NFPA 101 Life safety Code (LSC) – Federal Certification Code (a) NFPA 99 – lab in a hospital = Lab Units (LU)

c. PP-77 : Project Scope d. PP-78 : Project History e. PP-79 : Evaluation of Hazardous Materials (FL & CL) by room and space

i. Tissue Processing (TP) was the “problem child.” (1) High quantity of HMs.

(a) HMs could not be added to adjacent Histology’s HMs. (b) HMs were not in excess of the CA MAQs however.

(2) Required to be assigned “High Hazard Content Area” (a) LSC’s version of Group H – Hazardous occupancy. (b) 1-Hr Fire Barrier (1FB) added to separate TP from Histology.

f. PP-80 : IBC Control Areas (Business Occupancy) + H-3 Occupancy i. Identified (3) CAs

(1) (2) Existing CAs : 1A & 1B


(2) (1) New CA : 1C = Tissue Processing. (3) HM quantities in (3) CAs under MAQs. (4) CAs separated from one another by 1-Hr Fire Barriers.

ii. Identified (4) H-3 Occupancies – existing (1) H-3s separated from one another by 2-Hr Fire Barrier (occupancy separation).

g. PP-81 : NFPA 45 Lab Units (LU) + High Hazard Contents Area (HHCA) i. Identified (2) LUs.

(1) LU-1A : existing (2) LU-1B : renovated area + nonrenovated areas (3) HM quantities in (2) LUs under MAQs & under density (X gallons/100 sf) (4) LUs separated by 1FBs (although not required for Class C LUs)

ii. Identified (5) HHCAs (1) (4) HHCAs : existing (2) (1) HHCA : new (Tissue Processing) (3) HHCAs separated from one another by 1-Hr or 2-Hr Fire Barriers (occupancy

separation). h. Tissue Processing became its own LU and CA.

T:\twyatt\Code\Code Forums\2017 0330\2017 0330 Code Forum Notes.docx

F L A D C O D E F O R U M

NFPA 45 Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals

03/30/2017 Flad Code Forum : NFPA 45 1

O U T L I N E

• Laboratory Safety

• NFPA 45 - History and References

• NFPA 45– Chapter 1 Administration

– Chapter 2 Referenced Publications

– Chapter 3 Definitions

– Chapter 4 Laboratory Unit Hazard Classification

– Chapter 5 Laboratory Unit Design and Construction

– Chapter 6 Fire Protection

– Chapter 7 Laboratory Ventilating Systems and Hood Requirements

– Chapter 8 Chemical Storage, Handling, and Waste Disposal

– Chapter 9 Flammable and Combustible Liquids

– Chapter 10 Compressed and Liquefied Gases

– Chapter 11 Laboratory Operations and Apparatus

– Chapter 12 Educational and Instructional Laboratory Operations

– Chapter 13 Hazard Identification

• Laboratory Units (LU) - Control Areas (CA)

• Flad Project Example


Flad Resources - Laboratory


Flad Resources - Control Areas


LABORATORY SAFETY


Laboratory Safety : Governmental Agencies

• OSHA : Occupational Safety and Health Administration– 29 CFR 1910.106 – Flammable and combustible liquids (general industry)

– 29 CFR 926.152 – Flammable and combustible liquids (construction)

• EPA : Environmental Protection Agency

• NRC : U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

• HHS : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services – CDC : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

• NIH : National Institutes of Health – OBA : Office of Biotechnology Activities

• NIOSH : National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

• APHIS : Animal Plant Health Inspection Service

• USDA : U.S. Department of Agriculture

• DOT : U.S. Department of Transportation

• FDA : U.S. Food and Drug Administration


Laboratory Safety : Governmental Agencies

• The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) regulates

all laboratory testing (except research) performed on humans

in the U.S. through the Clinical Laboratory Improvement

Amendments (CLIA).

• CLIA regulates >250,000 laboratories.


Laboratory Safety : Nongovernmental Agencies

• ABSA : American Biological Safety Association

• CAP : College of American Pathologists

• ILAR : Institute for Laboratory Animal Research

• ICC : International Code Council

• NFPA : National Fire Protection Association


Laboratory Safety : Haz Mat Requirements

• Consensus Standards

– NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

– NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals

• Q : Does NFPA 30 govern storage of liquids in a laboratory?

• A : NO … not in the open work area of the laboratory.

– The quantity of liquid allowed in a laboratory work area is governed by NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals.

– However, NFPA 30 would cover a liquid storage room in a laboratory occupancy that is appropriately separated from the laboratory work space.


Laboratory Safety : State-isms

• WA (Seattle)

• CA

• NY (& NYC)

• MN


City-isms : Seattle Washington

• 2015 SFC (Table 5003.13) - Control Areas (CAs) in Non-Production Laboratory Facilities :

• 2015 SBC (Table 414.2.2) - Control Areas (CAs) in all occupancies (except hazardous) :


State-isms : California

• Section 302 - Classification– 7. Laboratory - Group B (see Section 202)

– 10. Research Laboratory - Group L (see Section 453)

• Section 202– Laboratory : a room, building, or area where the use and storage of hazardous

materials are utilized for testing, analysis, instruction, research or developmental activities.

– Laboratory Suite : a space within a building or structure, which may include multiple laboratories, offices, storage, equipment rooms or similar support functions, where the aggregate quantities of hazardous materials stored and used do not exceed the quantities set forth in Table 453.7.3.1.


State-isms : California

• Section 453 Laboratory Suite – 10K sf max, single tenant

– Construction• Separation (1FB or 2FB or 2FSB)

• Occupancy category

• Emergency response equipment area

• Liquid tight floor

– Ventilation : dampers, exhaust, rates, emergency power

– Means of Egress• Access to exits

• Door swing

• Panic hdwr, corridors

– Hazardous Materials : Different % of MAQs than CAs

– Elevators above 10th Story


NYS Fire Code & NYC Fire Code

• Section 2706

• Non-Production Chemical Laboratories

– 2706.1 Scope

• Storage, handling and use of laboratory chemicals in a non-production laboratory and accessory storage of laboratory chemicals in a storage room.

– 2706.2 General

• Laboratory chemicals … NFPA 45 laboratory unit fire hazard class D requirements

– 2706.3 Permits

– 2706.4 Supervision

– 2706.5 Prohibitions

– 2706.6 Quantity limitations

– 2706.7 Storage Room Classification

• See NYS/NYC Building Code

– 2706.8 Storage Rooms

– 2706.9 Safety Showers

– 2706.10 Neutralizing or Absorbing Agents

– 2706.11 Curtain and Drapes


State-isms : Minnesota Laboratory Safety


IBC (2015)


HISTORY & REFERENCES

NFPA 45 - Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals (2015)


NFPA 45 - History

• Adopted at 1975 NFPA Fall Mtg

– Amended in 1982, 1986, & 1991

• 1996 Edition

– Clarified how to apply to educational,

industrial, & medical laboratories

– Maximum Quantities of Flammable &

Combustible Liquids

– Separation of Laboratory Units

• 2000 edition

– Modified lab separations & ventilation

requirements

• 2004 edition

– All new labs must be sprinklered

• 2011 edition

– Labs over (1) story were modified

– Labs in Health Care Facilities moved

from NFPA 99 to NFPA 45

• 2015 edition

– New

• Educational Labs

• Instructional labs


NFPA 45 - Is it applicable to my project?

• Q : Is 45 referenced by the ICC?

• A : No … use Control Areas.

• Q : Is 45 referenced by the LSC?

• A : Yes.


NFPA 99 (2012) : “Laboratory” References

• 3.3.91* Laboratory.

• A building, space, room, or group of rooms intended to serve activities involving procedures for investigation, diagnosis, or treatment in which flammable, combustible, or oxidizing materials are to be used. – A.3.3.91 Laboratory.

– These laboratories are not intended to include • isolated frozen section laboratories;

• areas in which oxygen is administered;

• blood donor rooms in which flammable, combustible, or otherwise hazardous materials normally used in laboratory procedures are not present;

• and clinical service areas not using hazardous materials.



• Chapter 9 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning

– 9.3 General.

• 9.3.1 Heating, Cooling, Ventilating, and Process Systems.

– 9.3.1.2 Laboratories shall comply with NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for

Laboratories Using Chemicals.

• Chapter 11

– 11.4.3.2 Gas Equipment - Laboratory

• 11.4.3.2.1 Gas appliances shall be of an approved design and installed in

accordance with NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code.



• Chapter 6 Electrical Systems

– 6.3. Distribution

• 6.3.2.3 Laboratories. Outlets with two or four receptacles, or an equivalent power strip, shall be installed every 0.5 m to 1.0 m (1.6 ft or 3.3 ft) in instrument usage areas and either installation shall be at least 80 mm (3.15 in) above the countertop.

• Chapter 10 Electrical Equipment

– 10.5.5 Laboratory

• 10.5.5.1* The laboratory shall establish policies and protocols for the type and intervals of testing for appliances.

• 10.5.5.2 The physical integrity of the power cord, attachment plug, and cord-strain relief shall be confirmed at least annually by visual inspection and other appropriate tests.



• 15.4 Laboratories.

– Laboratories using chemicals shall comply with NFPA 45, Standard on

Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, unless otherwise

modified by other provisions of this code. [101:8.7.4.1]

• 15.5 Utilities.

– 15.5.2.4 Ventilating Systems in Laboratories Using Chemicals.

• Ventilating systems in laboratories using chemicals shall be in accordance with

NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals.

[101:9.2.4]



Does my project use/store Hazardous Materials?

What are the applicable Codes?

ICC?NFPA 101? Occupancy?

Group B - Business

Group F - Factory

Group E - Education

Group L - Laboratory

MAQs

Control Areas

Group H - Hazardous

Group I-2 - HospitalNFPA 99

NFPA 45

Health Care

Lab Units

CHAPTER 1

ADMINISTRATION



Chapter 1 - Administration

• 1.1 Scope– Applicable

• Lab Buildings

• Lab Units

• Lab Work Areas

– Chemicals are handled or stored• Hazard Levels of 2, 3, or 4 (NFPA 704)

– Health

– Flammability, and/or

– Instability

– Any Quantity of Chemicals• Educational Lab Units

• Instructional Lab Units


NFPA 49 : Hazardous chemicals data

NFPA 325 : Fire hazard properties of flammable liquids, gases, and volatile solids

NFPA 491 : Hazardous chemical reactions

NFPA 497 and NFPA 499 : Hazardous locations for liquids, gases and vaporsNFPA 704 : Hazards of materials for emergency response


• Not Applicable– Lab Units*

• < 4 Liter (1 Gallon) of FL or CL

• < 2.2 m3 of Flammable Gas (FG)

– Pilot Plants : small-scale production

– Hazard Levels of 0 or 1 (NFPA 704)

– Labs in manufacturing plants

– Incidental testing facilities

– Labs using chemicals only for incidental purposes (e.g. cleaning)

– Radioactive hazards (NFPA 801)*

– Explosive materials (NFPA 495)*

– Explosive hazard causing damage

• Annex A - Explanatory Material– *Lab Units NA Example

• A school lab with a low pressure natural gas system supplying Bunsen burners with less than the quantities of FL, CL and/or FG

– *NFPA 801 & *NFPA 495



• 1.2 Purpose

– Protection of life and property

• Prevent injury or death to occupants and emergency response personnel

• Protect personnel from unhealthy, toxic, and corrosive chemicals

– Prevention and control of fire and explosions

• Control hazards

– Limit property loss to a single Laboratory Unit



• 1.3 Application

– Reasonable level of protection from loss of

life and property from fire and explosion.

• 1.4 Retroactivity

– Not applicable to existing labs, unless …

• AHJ determines existing situations present an

unacceptable degree of risk


CHAPTER 3

DEFINITIONS



Chapter 3 - Definitions

• Laboratory

– A facility where the containers used

for reactions, transfers, and other

handling of chemicals are designed

to be easily and safely manipulated

by one person

– A laboratory is a workplace where

chemicals are used or synthesized

on a nonproduction basis

• Laboratory Building

– A structure consisting wholly or

principally of one or more

laboratory units

• Non-Laboratory Area

– Any space within a building not

included in a laboratory unit


Laboratory Units

• Laboratory Units (LU)

– An enclosed space used for

experiments or tests

• Laboratory Work Area

– A room or space for testing, analysis,

research, instruction, or similar

activities that involve the use of

chemicals

• LUs can include

– Rooms or Spaces

• Offices

• Lavatories

• Corridors

• Other incidental contiguous rooms

maintained for or used by lab

personnel

– Can be an entire building

• Classified as A, B, C, or D


Laboratory Units


Laboratory = 1

Lab Units = 1

Lab Work Areas = 1

(1 Bldg or 1 Story or Portion of a Story)

Laboratory = 1

Lab Units = 1

Lab Work Areas = 3

Laboratory Units


Laboratory = 1

Lab Units = 1

Lab Work Areas = 3

(Non-rated Partitions)

Laboratory = 1

Lab Units = 2

Lab Work Areas = 3

(Rated Partitions)

Laboratory = 1

Lab Units = 3

Lab Work Areas = 3

(Non-rated & Rated Partitions


• Educational Lab Unit (Class D or C)– LU under direct supervision of an instructor

and used for educational purposes for students through the 12th grade

• Instructional Lab Unit (Class C or D)– LU under direct supervision of an instructor

(science teachers, professors, assistant & associate professors, lecturers, substitute teachers, and teaching assistants) that is used for purposes of instructions for students beyond the 12th grade

• Educational Occupancy– Used for educational purposes through the

12th Grade by (6) or more persons for (4) or more hours per day or more than (12) hours per week

• Business Occupancy– An occupancy used for the transaction of

business other than mercantile.

• Industrial Occupancy – Products are manufactured or in which

processing, assembling, mixing, packaging, finishing, decorating, or repair operations are conducted



• Combustible Liquid

– A liquid that has a closed-cup flash

point (FP) at or above 100 degrees F

• NFPA 30

– Class II = FP > 100F and < 140F

– Class IIIA = FP > 140F and < 200F

– Class IIIB = FP > 200F

• Flammable Liquid

– A liquid that has a closed-cup flash

point (FP) below 100 degrees F and

a maximum vapor pressure of 40

psi at 100 degrees F

• NFPA 30

– Class IA = FP < 73F + BP < 100F

– Class IB = FP < 73F + BP > 100F

– Class IC = FP > 73F + BP < 100F


CHAPTER 4

LABORATORY UNIT HAZARD CLASSIFICATION



Classifying Lab Units

• Class A : High Fire Hazard

• Class B : Moderate Fire Hazard

• Class C : Low Fire Hazard

• Class D : Minimal Fire Hazard

• Education Lab Units– Class D

– Class C • 50% FL & CL

• Tables 9.1.1 (a) & 9.1.1 (a)

• Instructional Lab Units– Class C or Class D

• Flammability– 4 : Rapidly or completely vaporize …

readily dispersed in air … burn readily

– 3 : Ignited under all ambient temperature … produce hazardous atmosphere under all temperatures … readily ignited under all conditions

– 2 : Must be moderated heated or exposed to high temperatures before ignition

– 1 : Must be preheated before ignition

– 0 : Will not burn under typical fire conditions (e.g. sand)


IBC (2015) : MAQs per CA


CHAPTER 5

LABORATORY UNIT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION



Separation & Height Requirements

• Horizontal Barriers– Prevent liquid leakage to lower floors

• Door Assemblies– 0.75-Hrs in 1FBs

– 1.5-Hrs in 2FBs

• Window Assemblies– 1.0-Hrs in 1FBs but not in 2FBs

• Lab Units in Educational Occupancy– 1-Hr between Ed-LU & non-lab areas

• Vertical = 1FB (1-Hr Fire Barriers)

• Horizontal = 1HA (1-Hr Horiz Assemblies)


Occupancy Classifications (LSC)

• Class A, B, & C Lab Units

– Industrial Occupancy

• Class D Lab Units

– Business Occupancy

• Educational Lab Unit

– Educational Occupancy


Means of Egress

• 2nd Means of Egress is required from a Lab Work Area IF …– Explosive hazard incident would block escape,

– Hood is adjacent to Exit Access,

– Compress gas cylinder (larger than 2” x 13”) prevents safe egress,

– Cryogenic container prevents safe egress,

– LWA in a Class A laboratory > 500 sf,

– LWA in a Class B, C or D laboratory > 1000 sf,

– Emergency lighting required in Labs w/2 M of E,

• Door Swing– Class A or Class B : Swing with direction of travel

– Class C or Class D : Swing against direction of travel & can be a horiz slider


CHAPTER 6

FIRE PROTECTION



Fire Protection

• Automatic Sprinkler Systems– Class A or Class B LUs : Ordinary Hazard Occupancies (Group 2)

– Class C or Class D LUs : Ordinary Hazard Occupancies (Group 1)

– Quick Response (QR) sprinkler type

– Non-water automatic sprinkler systems are allowed

• Standpipes– Lab Bldgs > (2) Stories above Grade Level = Class I Standpipes req’d

• Portable Fire Extinguishers : Class B Fires – Class A LUs = Extra (High ) Hazard

– Class B, C, D LUs = Ordinary (Moderate ) Hazard

• Fire Alarms– Class A, B LUs = Manual FA & Alert Local Emergency Responders


CHAPTER 8

CHEMICAL STORAGE, HANDLING, AND WASTE DISPOSAL



Chemical Storage, Handling, and Waste Disposal

• Ordering

– Determine its hazard (e.g. classification)

– Transmit info to those who receive, store, use, or dispose of the chemical

– Follow government regulations & in-house rules

• Handling & Storage

– In accordance to NFPA 400 (2016)

– Limit spill scenarios to less than 5 gallons

– Class I Liquids

• No transferring from one vessel to another in an Exit Access Corridor


Chemical Storage, Handling, and Waste Disposal

• Storage

– MAQs reduced by 50% for Class B labs above Story 03

– MAQs reduced by 25% for Class C & D labs on Stories 04-06

– MAQs reduced by 50% for Class C & D labs above Story 06

• Waste

– Handled and stored per Section 8.2 (NFPA 45) & NFPA 400

– New wastes not combined with old wastes unless evaluated

– Liquid waste containers in Labs < 5 gallons

– Wastes quantities subject to same MAQ requirements


CHAPTER 9

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS



Flammable & Combustible Liquids



• Glass Containers

– < 1 Gallon allowed IF …

• Excessive corrosion of metal/plastic would occur,

• Glass container size on Table 9.1.2 is not available,

• Glass is required for purity purposes.

– < 60 Gallons allowed IF meets NFPA 30

– Educational & Instructional lab work areas

• Safety Can < 2.1 gallons

• Other Containers < 1 gallon



• Liquid Dispensing– Class I Liquids < 5 gallons

• Chemical Fume Hood,

• Ventilated area prevent accumulated 25% of lower flammability limit,

• Class I Liquid Storage Areas meeting NFPA 30.

– Class I Liquids > 5 gallons• Outside of building,

• Class I Liquid Storage Areas meeting NFPA 30.

– Pressurized Liquid Dispensing Containers (PLDC)

• Storage Cabinets– Meet NFPA 30

– FL stored in refrigerated equipment shall be in closed container


CHAPTER 10

COMPRESSED AND LIQUEFIED GASES



Compressed and Liquefied Gases

• Cylinders not necessary for current lab

requirements

– Outside

• Exception : 1 lb Propane Cylinders (consumer use)

• Cylinders = Lecture Bottle (2”x13”)

– Ventilated Enclosure

• Health Hazard 3 or 4


CHAPTER 11

LABORATORY OPERATIONS AND APPARATUS



Lab Operations and Apparatus

• Heating Operations

– Contain FL/CL > 8.4 oz

– Supplemental FE equipment

– Unattended Operations

• Override Control

– Automatic Shutdown

• Open Flames

– Not performed under

• Shelves, or

• Cabinets, or

• Overhanging Equipment

• Refrigeration & Cooling Equip

– Rated for storage of FL

• Class I, Division I locations

– Lab Refrigerator Types

• Explosion-Proof

– No ignition of flammable vapor (FV)

» Inside & Outside

• Explosion-Safe

– No ignition of FVs from inside

– Label : unmodified domestic model


Do Not Store

Flammable Solvents

in this Refrigerator

Lab Operations and Apparatus

• Heating Equipment (HE)

– HE w/circ fans or water cooling

• Interlock disconnects power IF

– the fan fails, or

– the water supply is interrupted

– Ovens and Furnaces : NFPA 86

• Heated Constant Temp Baths

– Over-temp shut-off switch IF

• Overheating results in a fire/explosion

– Bath Containers : Noncombustible

• Pressure Equipment

– Pressures > 15 psi

• Qualified design & construction

– Pressure relief device

– Inspected regularly

• Analytical Instruments

– Installed & Operated

• Per manufacturer’s instructions

• Per approved procedures


CHAPTER 12 EDUCATIONAL AND INSTRUCTIONAL LABORATORY OPERATIONS



Labs : Educational & Instructional

• Instructor provides …

– Hazard Risk Assessment

• Hazards of Experiments

• PPEs

• Emergency Procedures

• Waste Disposal

– Safety Briefing (Students)

– PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

• Storage?

– Safety Barrier between students & experiment or 10’ away

• Chemical Storage (Educational)

– Bulk Storage

• Locked room outside classroom

– (1) Day’s Use of Chemicals

• Stored & In Use

• Chemical Storage (Instructional)

– Lowest possible levels necessary

– Not exceed LU’s MAQs

• Dispensing in Prep Room

– Or prior to arrival of students



• Experiments or Demonstrations

– Located away from primary Means of Egress

– Production of vapors?

• Chemical vent hood (demonstration-type), or

• Another ventilation device, or

• Barrier : Impact-resistant plastic or Tempered-glass safety shield

– 24” High

– 180 degrees or wrap 12” beyond hazard in both direction

– Secured to work surface : Bolts or Clamps



• Educational Labs : Fire-rated separation per Section 5.1.3

• LS Classifications per Section 5.3

• MAQs

– FLs & CLs per Section 9.1

– Compressed Gases per Section 10.1.6

– Emergency Gas Shutoffs per Section 10.2.3.4


CHAPTER 13

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION



Hazard Identification

• Signage : identification of LUs, LWAs, storage areas

– Examples

• Unstable Chemicals

• Radioactive Chemicals

• Carcinogens, Mutagens, Teratogens

• Pathogens

• High-Pressure Reactions

• High-Powered Lasers

• Water-Reactive Materials

• Cryogens

– Emergency Action Plan (6.5.3.1)


Hazard Identification

• Exhaust Systems

– “WARNING - Chemical Laboratory Exhaust”

– Discharge - Stacks, Vents, & System Fans

• Identify labs or lab work areas being served

• Container Labeling

– Chemical Name

– Precautionary Info (except in ongoing experiments)


LABORATORY UNITS (LU) - CONTROL AREAS (CA)



LUs vs. CAs

• Laboratory Units (LU)– Area IS a determination

• Max area per LU Fire Hazard Class

– Quantity IS NOT a determination

– Requirements per Occupancy• Occupancy per Level of Hazard

– Instructional LU & Educational

– MAQ’s affected by :• Story

• NOT per approved cabinet

• NOT per sprinkler system

– FRR Protection per story

– Sprinkler protection REQUIRED

– Means of Egress requirements

• Control Areas (CA)– Area is NOT a determination

• All CAs are “created equal”

– Quantity IS a determination

– Requirements per Occupancy• Occupancy per MAQs

– If > MAQ = Group H Hazard

– MAQ’s affected by :• Story

• Approved Cabinet (+100% MAQ)

• Sprinkler system (+100% MAQ)

– FRR Protection per story

– Sprinkler protection NOT REQUIRED

– NO special M of E requirements


Maximum Allowable Quantities per LUs


Maximum Allowable Quantities per CAs


FLAD PROJECT EXAMPLE



Project History

• 06/15/16 : DHS inspected the lab during construction.– Identified the laboratories as “severe hazard” requiring 1-Hr FBs.

• 07/07/16 : Flad responded to DHS– Provided (4) Options in managing the Hazardous Materials (HM).

– Labs not a “severe hazard”.

– DHS requests detailed HM Inventory of adjacent labs to verify CA’s & LU’s MAQ’s.

• 07/25/16 : Owner provides additional HM Inventories to Flad– Flad determines “Tissue Processing” IS a “severe hazard.”

• 08/01/16 : Flad provides DHS plan addressing both IBC (CAs) & LSC (LUs).– DHS accepts Flad’s explanation.


F L A D C O D E F O R U M

T H A N K Y O U F O R AT T E N D I N G
