nfpa 285 fire-tested wall assemblies nfpa 285 today icc building code – chapter 26 plastic 2603.5...
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NFPA 285 Fire-Tested WallAssemblies
A business unit of DowAdvanced Materials Division
2© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
COPYRIGHTED MATERIALS
This presentation is protected by U.S. and international copyright laws.Reproduction, distribution, display and use of any part of thispresentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.
© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
3© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
AIA CES Credits
The Dow Chemical Company is a Registered Provider with TheAmerican Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Creditearned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Recordsfor AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members areavailable on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professionaleducation. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed orconstrued to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any materialof construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributingor dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specificmaterials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion ofthis presentation.
4© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
GBCI CMP Credits
Dow Building Solutions is an Education Provider with U.S. GreenBuilding Council. This course is approved for 1.0 Green BuildingCertification Institute (GBCI) CE Hours for the LEED CredentialingMaintenance Program (CMP). Certificates of Completion are availableon request.
This program is registered with the U.S. Green Building Council forcontinuing professional education. As such, it does not include contentthat may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement bythe USGBC of any material of construction or any method or manner ofhandling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product.Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will beaddressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
5© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Learning Objectives
An understanding of the history and the development of theNFPA 285 fire test method
An understanding of the role of continuous insulation insustainable, high-performance building envelopes as it relatesto building codes and fire requirements
An understanding of how the test is performed, as well as howtest results apply to sustainable, energy efficient walls with thickfoam insulation
An understanding of how the test works in the building codeand under what circumstances it applies in high-performance,sustainable buildings
An understanding of how to “build” a highly energy efficientwall assembly that meets the NFPA 285 criteria with informationavailable
6© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Agenda
• Background
• Code and LEED Requirements
• The Test
• Successful NFPA 285 Tested Wall Systems
• Converting Tested Systems to Real Life
• Summary
7© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285 History
NFPA 285 Predecessor
• Developed by SPI
• Initiated in late 1970s
• First called Test Standard 17-6
• First adopted in 1988
• Used wood crib as fire source
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NFPA 285 History
NFPA 285 Predecessor
• Renamed in 1994 UBC Test Standard 26-4
• Found only in the UBC
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NFPA 285 History
NFPA 285 Predecessor
• Further development in 1990s
• Method is gas fired rather than wood
• Included UBC Test Standard 26-4 to 26-9
• Put in UBC 1997
• NFPA 285 identical to UBC 26-9
• Still only UBC
10© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285 History
NFPA 285 Test and Method
• Final draft in 1998
• National significance in 2000 with ICC
• Virtually unknown at the time
• Still poorly known
DateDate
11© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285 Today
ICC Building Code – Chapter 14
Exterior Walls
• 1403.5 Vertical and lateral flamepropagation. Type I, II, III, & IV >40’ inheight with combustible WRB shall betested in accordance with and comply withthe acceptance criteria of NFPA 285.(2012)
• 1407.10.3 MCM Metal CompositeMaterials – Requires NFPA 285
• 1409.1 HPL High-pressure decorativeexterior-grade compact laminates –Requires NFPA 285
12© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285 Today
ICC Building Code – Chapter 15
Roof Assemblies and RooftopStructures
• 1509.6.2 Type I, II, III, & IV ConstructionMechanical equipment screens or wallsenclosing mechanical equipment arepermitted to be constructed of combustiblematerials if they meet any of the following:
– >20’ Fire Separation, <4’ in height
– >20 Fire Separation, Constructed of FRtreated wood
– Are tested in accordance with and complywith the acceptance criteria of NFPA 285.
13© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285 Today
ICC Building Code – Chapter 26Plastic
2603.5 Exterior Walls
• 2603.5.5 Test standard. The wallassembly shall be tested in accordancewith and comply with the acceptancecriteria of NFPA 285.
14© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285 Today
Why the Sudden Interest?
• Cost of energy
• Deficit/financial situation
15© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285 Today
Why the Interest?
• Cost of energy
• Financial situation Energy Code Adoption
16© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285 Today
17© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
2010 ASHRAE 90.1 – Above Grade Wall
GREATER Continuous Insulation Requirements
OpaqueWall
ZoneNon-Res
AssemblyMax
Non-ResInsulation Min
R-Value
Semi-heatedAssembly
Max
Semi-heatedInsulation Min
R-Value
SteelFramed
3 U-0.084 R13 + R3.8 ci U-0.124 R13
4 U-0.064 R13 + R7.5 ci U-0.124 R13
5 U-0.064 R13 + R7.5 ci U-0.124 R13
6 U-0.064 R13 + R7.5 ci U-0.124 R13
Mass 2 U-0.151 R5.7 ci U-0.580 NR
3 U-0.123 R7.6 ci U-0.580 NR
4 U-0.104 R9.5 ci U-0.580 NR
5 U-0.090 R11.4 ci U-0.151 R5.7 ci
MetalBuilding
3 U-0.084 R19 U-0.113 R13
4 U-0.084 R19 U-0.113 R13
5 U-0.069 R13 + R5.6 ci U-0.113 R13
18© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285 Today
Why the Interest?
• Value of energy efficiency More ci or foam plastics
• Energy codes Sustainable building design
19© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Agenda
• Background
• Code and LEED Requirements
• The Test
• Successful NFPA 285 Tested Wall Systems
• Converting Tested Systems to Real Life
• Summary
20© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
LEED 2009 Rating Systems: Weighting
LEED – BD&C, ID&C, O&M will be on a 110 point scale
100 base + 10 bonus point scale
Sustainable Sites
Water Efficiency
Energy and Atmosphere
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Innovation in Design, 6 pts
Regional Bonus Credits, 4 pts
Platinum(80+ pts)
Gold(60-79pts)
Silver(50-59pts)
Certified(40-49pts)
100 basepts
10 bonuspts
21© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
LEED Certification
Potential Energy Efficiency Credits
• EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum EnergyPerformance (required forcertification)
– U.S.: 10% better than base building (ASHRAE90.1 2007)
– Canada: 23% better than Model NationalEnergy Code for Buildings (MNECB) or 10%better than ASHRAE 90.1 2007
22© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
LEED Certification
Potential Energy Efficiency Credits
• EQ Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort, Design(1 point)
– ASHRAE 55-2004, Thermal ComfortConditions for Human Occupancy
23© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
LEED Certification
Potential Energy Efficiency Credits
• EA Credit 1: Optimize EnergyPerformance (1-19 points)
–12% (ASHRAE) or 25% (MNECB) better for 1point
–48% (ASHRAE) or 56% (MNECB) better for19 points
– ASHRAE 90.1 2007 as base building for bothU.S. and Canada or MNECB for Canada
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• From ASHRAE 90.1-2007
• Based on Calculated and MeasuredData
What do EA credits mean inpractice… 12% to 48% Better
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9.2 2.8 6.4
R-19 Batt
34%
A Matter of Effective R-Value
0
5
10
15
20
25E
ffe
cti
ve
Ba
ttR
-Va
lue
R-11 R-13 R-15 R-19 R-21
Type of Batt
Effective R-Value of Batts @ 16" & 24"
Rate
dR
-Valu
e
16”
OC
24”
OC
Effect on R-Value
0
5
10
15
20
25
Eff
ec
tiv
eB
att
R-V
alu
e
R-11 R-13 R-15 R-19 R-21
Type of Batt
Effective R-Value of Batts @ 16" & 24"
Rate
dR
-Valu
e
16”
OC
24”
OC
Effect on R-Value
• Table A9.2B
0
5
10
15
20
25
Eff
ec
tiv
eB
att
R-V
alu
e
R-11 R-13 R-15 R-19 R-21
Type of Batt
Effective R-Value of Batts @ 16" & 24"
Walls Designs must change…
29© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Sy
ste
mR
-Va
lue
0 Inch 0.625 Inch 1 Inch 1.5 inch 2 Inch
Continuous insulation (ci) Thickness (in)
Effective System R-Value for Steel Stud Walls
No
Batt
R-1
1B
att
R-1
5B
att
R-1
9B
att
1.5
inch
SP
F
1.5
inch
SP
F
1.5
inch
SP
F
1.5
inch
SP
F
Thermal Solution
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Thermal Short Problems…
Ghosting/Aesthetics
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Thermal Shorts Result in Energy Loss
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Responsibility to Clients inOperation Phase…
Sustainable Building Designs
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Thicker continuous insulation
Sustainable Building Designs
34© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
LEED Certified Projects
Homeland security building- College of Dupage.Legat Architects in Oakbrook, IL
35© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
LEED Certified Projects
Student Center - Kishwaukee College.
– Demonick Kemper Architects
36© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
LEED Certified Projects
Student Center - Kishwaukee College, Malta, IL
– Demonick Kemper Architects
37© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
LEED Certification
Potential Energy Efficiency Credits
• EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance(required for certification)
– U.S.: 10% better than base building (ASHRAE 90.1 2007)
• EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance (1-19 points)
– 12% (ASHRAE) or 25% (MNECB) better for 1 point
– 48% (ASHRAE) or 56% (MNECB) better for 19 points
• EQ Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort, Design (1 point)
– ASHRAE 55-2004, Thermal Comfort Conditions for Human Occupancy
38© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Agenda
• Background
• Code and LEED Requirements
• The Test
• Successful NFPA 285 Tested Wall Systems
• Converting Tested Systems to Real Life
• Summary
39© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: The Test
40© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: The Test
Set Up
• Two story – 1 test wall
• Interior burner first
• Window burner at 5 min
• 30-minute duration
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NFPA 285: The Test
Objectives
• Exterior propagation
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NFPA 285: The Test
Objectives
• Exterior propagation
• Core propagation
43© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: The Test
Objectives
• Exterior propagation
• Core propagation
• Interior propagation
44© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: The Test
Objectives
• Exterior propagation
• Core propagation
• Interior propagation
• Lateral propagation
45© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: The Test
Modes of Failure
Flame Propagation
46© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: The Test
Modes of Failure
Flame Propagation
Damage Propagation
47© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: The Test
Modes of Failure
Flame Propagation
Damage Propagation
Temperature Excursion
48© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Actual Test
NFPA 285: The Test
49© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Actual Test
NFPA 285: The Test
50© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: The Test
Actual Test
51© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: The Test
Actual Test
52© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Agenda
• Background
• Code Requirements
• The Test
• Successful NFPA 285 Tested Wall Assemblies
• Converting Tested Systems to Real Life
• Air Sealing
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Meet the Code
Goal:
2603.5.5 Test standard. The wallassembly shall be tested inaccordance with and comply with theacceptance criteria of NFPA 285.
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Not Listed
Problem:
• Hourly Rated Walls
• Class A Roofs
• Floor/Wall junctures
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Must Rely on Manufacturer
Problem:
• Test Results/Reports
• Engineering Judgments
• Specific Materials – “or equal” Problems
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ASSEMBLY Test
Another Problem:
57© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Better with hourly rated assemblies...
How do we get there?
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Step 1: Test
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Step 1: Test... SMART Why?
• You can’t test everything!
Best Case Worst Case
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Step 1: Test... SMART Why?
• You can’t test everything!
• 3.5” and 6” and 8” steel studs
• 3=3 tests
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Step 1: Test... SMART Why?
• You can’t test everything!1
• 1/2” and 5/8” drywall
• 3 x 2 = 6 tests
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Step 1: Test... SMART Why?
• You can’t test everything!
• Empty, fiberglass, cellulose, SPU
• 3 x 2 x 4 = 24 tests
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NFPA 285: “Approved” Assemblies
Step 1: Test... SMART Why?
• You can’t test everything!
• No exterior sheathing,1/2” gypsum, 5/8” gypsum
• 3 x 2 x 4 x 3 = 72 tests
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Step 1: Test... SMART Why?
• You can’t test everything!
• 1”, 2” 3” and 4” of insulation
• 3 x 2 x 4 x 3 x 4 = 288 tests
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Step 1: Test... SMART Why?
• You can’t test everything!
• Peel and stick or not
• 3 x 2 x 4 x 3 x 4 x 2 = 576 tests
66© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: “Approved” Assemblies
Step 1: Test... SMART Why?
• You can’t test everything!
• Stucco, brick, metal panel, cement board, EIFS,terracotta
• 3 x 2 x 4 x 3 x 4 x 2 x 7 = 4,032 tests
67© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: “Approved” Assemblies
Step 1: Test... SMART Why?
• You can’t test everything!
• Too expensive
– $25,000 – 50,000 / wall system
• Too time consuming
– Limited number of wall frames for testing
– 28 day cure time on mortar for brick veneer
– Build sequencing and scheduling of trades
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Step 2: Evaluate Results
• Fire science consultant
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Fire Consultant Credentials
• Reputable
• Active in ASTM E5 committee
• Active in NFPA
• Active in ICC-ES hearings
• Experience with fire testing labs
• Nationwide experience and knowledge of codes
70© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: “Approved” Assemblies
Step 2: Evaluate Results
• Fire science consultant
• Additional testing of components
• Creates tables of acceptable wall constructions
• Tables allow assembly of wall components
71© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: “Approved” Assemblies Disclaimer
• Products referenced in this presentation are generic but the test isproduct and brand specific.
• It is necessary to verify that manufacturer of foam plastic orcombustible material has either completed the testing or engineeringassessment for approval of material in an NFPA 285 compliant wallassembly.
• This is an assembly test – just because a material was included in awall assembly that passed, doesn’t mean it can be used in any wallassembly requiring NFPA 285 testing.
72© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: “Approved” Assemblies
Step 3: Present Results
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Step 3: Present Results
NFPA 285: “Approved” Assemblies
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Agenda
• Background
• Code and LEED Requirements
• The Test
• Successful NFPA 285 Tested Wall Systems
• Converting Tested Systems to Real Life
• Summary
75© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Example: Build a Wall Workshop
76© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Base Wall System – Use either 1, 2, 3, 4 or 51. Concrete wall
2. Concrete masonry wall
3. Standard clay brick wall
4. Adobe block wall
5. Steel studs with approved thermal barrier
77© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Floor Line Firestopping• 4 lb / cu ft mineral wool in each stud cavity and at each floor line –
attached with Z-clips or equivalent
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Example: Build a Wall Workshop
Cavity Insulation – Use 1, 2 or 3 (Or both 2 and 3)1. None
2. Spray polyurethane foam approved for use in NFPA 285 compliant wallassembly
3. Fiberglass batt insulation (faced or unfaced)
79© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Example: Build a Wall Workshop
Exterior Sheathing – Use 1, 2 or 31. None
2. 1/2” thick, exterior type gypsum sheathing
3. 5/8” thick, exterior type gypsum sheathing
80© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Example: Build a Wall Workshop
Weather-resistive Barrier – Use 1 or 21. None
2. WRB approved for use in NFPA 285 compliant wall assembly
81© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Exterior Insulation – Use 1, 2, 3 or 41.None – must have exterior sheathing referenced previously
2.Rigid foam board insulation approved for use in NFPA 285 compliant wallassembly up to thickness indicated
3.Spray polyurethane foam approved for use in NFPA 285 compliant wallassembly up to thickness indicated
4.Combination of 2 and 3 up to thickness indicated
82© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Exterior Veneer – Use either 1, 2, 3, or 41. Brick (standard 4-inch thick, clay brick)2. Stucco (min ¾ inch thick)3. Limestone or natural stone (min 2 inch thick) or cast artificial stone
(min 1.5 in thick)4. Terracotta cladding (min 1.25 inch thick)
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Completed SystemMeets NFPA 285 test/code requirements
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NFPA 285: Summary
History
• Test Standard 17-6 adopted in 1988
• Wood crib as fire source
• UBC Test Standard 26-4 to 26-9
• NFPA 285 identical to UBC 26-9
2603.5.5 test standard. The wall assembly shall betested in accordance with and comply with theacceptance criteria of NFPA 285.
85© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: Summary
• History
– Why Now?
Financial Save energy Energy Codes
Continuous insulation NFPA 285
86© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: Summary
• History
• Code and LEED Requirements
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Sy
ste
mR
-Va
lue
0 Inch 0.625 Inch 1 Inch 1.5 inch 2 Inch
Continuous insulation (ci) Thickness (in)
Effective System R-Value for Steel Stud Walls
EA Credit 1: OptimizeEnergy Performance(1-19 points)
87© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: Summary
• History
• Code and LEED Requirements
• The Test
ASSEMBLY!
88© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: Summary
• History
• Code and LEED Requirements
• The test
• Successful NFPA 285 Tested Wall Systems
You can’t test everything!3 x 2 x 4 x 3 x 4 x 2 x 7 =4,032 tests
89© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: Summary
• History
• Code and LEED Requirements
• The test
• Successful NFPA 285 Tested Wall Systems
90© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: Summary
• History
• Code and LEED Requirements
• The test
• Successful NFPA 285 Tested Wall Systems
• Converting Tested Systems to Real life
91© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
NFPA 285: Summary
• History
• Code and LEED Requirements
• The test
• Successful NFPA 285 Tested Wall Systems
• Converting Tested Systems to Real life
• The future…
92© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Review Learning Objectives
An understanding of the history and the development of theNFPA 285 fire test method
An understanding of the role of continuous insulation insustainable, high-performance building envelopes as it relatesto building codes and fire requirements
An understanding of how the test is performed, as well as howtest results apply to sustainable, energy efficient walls with thickfoam insulation
An understanding of how the test works in the building codeand under what circumstances it applies in high-performance,sustainable buildings
An understanding of how to “build” a highly energy efficientwall assembly that meets the NFPA 285 criteria with informationavailable
93© 2012 The Dow Chemical Company
Course Evaluation
In order to maintain high-quality learning experiences, pleaseaccess the evaluation for this course by logging into CESDiscovery and clicking on the Course Evaluation link on the leftside of the page.
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This concludes the AIA and GBCIportion of the session
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Thank You!
Questions??