NEAR FIELD COMMUNICAITON

By- Neha Singh

NFC – What is it ???

NFC or Near Field Communication is a short range high frequency wireless communication technology.

A radio communication is established by touching the two phones or keeping them in a proximity of a few centimeters.

NFC is mainly aimed for mobile or handheld devices.

NFC is an extension of Radio frequency identification.

It is a form of contactless communication between devices.

EVOLUTION OF NFC TECHNOLOGYI. In 2004, NFC Forum was formed by Nokia, Philips,

Sony to set standards for NFC . Every NFC enabled device will have an “N-Mark” trademark ,developed by NFC Forum.

II. In 2006, first mobile phone( nokia 6131) with NFC was released by NOKIA.

III. In 2010, first android phone SAMSUNG NEXUS S with NFC support was released.

IV. Sony introduced "Smart Tags", which use NFC technology to change modes and profiles on sony smartphones.

OPERATION OF NFC

Near field communication is based on inductive-coupling. NFC works using magnetic induction between two loop

antennas. A reader emits a small electric current, which creates a

magnetic field that in turn bridges the physical space between the devices. That field is received by a similar coil in the client device, where it is turned back into electrical impulses to communicate data such as identification number, status information, or any other information.

So, NFC use an initiator and a target; the initiator actively generates an RF field that can power a passive target, while 'active' or 'peer-to-peer' tags have their own power source and respond to the reader using their own electromagnetic fields.

Operating frequency is 13.56 MHz and data rate varies from106 Kbit/s to 424 Kbit/s.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

EXPLANATION The analog circuitry handles the modulation and

demodulation of analog signals. RF level detector detects the presence of an external

RF field at 13.56Mhz. UART handles the protocol requirements for the

communication schemes. FIFO BUFFER allows a fast and convenient data

transfer from the host to the UART and vice versa. MICRO CONTROLLER allows autonomous

management of communication both on RF interface and with the host.

HOST INTERFACES are implemented to fulfill different customer requirements.

Active mode-

In this mode, both devices with NFC chip can generate an electromagnetic field and exchange information with each other.

Two NFC enabled devices transferring data in active mode

Inducing magnetic field

MODES OF OPERATION

Passive mode- A passive device, such

as an NFC tag, contains information that other devices can read but does not read any information itself, so there is only one active user.

A NFC-enabled mobile phone is paired with a RFID-tagged "smart poster"

COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS NFC was approved as an ISO/IEC standard on December 8,

2003 and later as an ECMA standard. NFC is an open platform technology standardized in ECMA-

340 and ISO/IEC 18092. These standards specify the modulation schemes, coding,

transfer speeds and frame format of the RF interface of NFC devices, as well as initialization schemes and conditions required for data collision-control during initialization for both passive and active NFC modes.

Furthermore, they also define the transport protocol, including protocol activation and data-exchange methods.

Thus in- passive mode an NFC device can communicate with an

existing ISO/IEC smartcard or reader. active mode an NFC device can interact with other such

device.

APPLICATIONS OF NFC1) TOUCH AND GO Applications such as access control, where the user

needs only to bring the device storing the ticket or access code close to the reader.

A person gathering info about a movie using his NFC enabled Mobile Phone

2) TOUCH AND CONFIRM

Applications such as mobile payment where the user has to confirm the interaction by entering a password or just accepting the transaction.

3) TOUCH AND CONNECT Linking two NFC-enabled

devices to enable peer to peer transfer of data.

4) A latest development is that NFC can be used to configure Wi-Fi networks through mobile devices.

M-COMMERCE The key feature that led to the development of this technology

is defining an organization’s mobile commerce business strategies.

The NFC based mobile devices and contactless credit cards can engage with PoS devices, to enable contactless payments.

The ISO/IEC 14443 standards define the framework to manage the contactless payment communications between a payment card reader (or NFC capable POS device) and an associated payment card device.

Enables the users to buy the selected product or service with their M-wallet account, using NFC.

Security is an important and integral part of the mobile commerce transaction processing model, so we have mobile transaction processing solution framework to ensure end-to-end security of the sensitive data using strong encryption across all paths of the transactions.

The point to point encryption practice is known to reduce the scope of PCI-DSS assessment and hence P2PE encryption practices are widely being used for security of card holder data.

CARRY YOUR WORLD AROUND

ADVANTAGES OF NFC High convenience to the user, because the

data exchange is done just by bringing two mobiles together.

Reduces cost of electronic issuance . Secure communication. No special software. No manual configuration and settings. No search and pair procedure. NFC can be used together with existing

technologies like Bluetooth and thus act for longer range also.

NFC uses are practically limitless.

DISADVANTAGES OF NFC The system has the limitation that it can be operated

only with devices under a short range i.e. around 10 cm.

The data transfer rate is very less at about 106kbps, 212 kbps and 424kbps.

Eavesdropping Data Corruption and Manipulation TheftCOUNTER MEASURESo Use secure channel (so that only the authorized device could decode the encrypted information).o Some NFC devices “listen” for data corruption attacks and prevent them before they have a chance to get up and running.o Use Active – Passive modes with encrypted keys (this means one device receives info and the other sends it instead of both devices receiving and passing information).o Keeping phones password protected.

SOME DEVICES USING NFC TECHNOLOGY

FUTURE OF NFC New generations of iPhone, iPod and iPad products

would reportedly be equipped with NFC capability which would enable small-scale monetary transactions.

On May 2, 2011, RIM announced the Blackberry Bold 9900, a new device that will use NFC technology.

Recently, Microsoft announced that all Windows Phone 8 devices will make use of the NFC technology.

CONCLUSION Mobile handsets are the primary target for NFC and

soon NFC will be implemented in most handheld devices.

The advancements in mobile wireless technology and communication standards have enabled usage of contactless and NFC based payment models.

The mobile wallet based payment model is gaining considerable momentum and is currently being seen as one of the key payment model, to promote contactless payment processing practices.

The mobile wallet technology enables the end-users to make payments with their mobile wallet accounts, without having to use credit or debit cards and hence this technology can also help users that do not use credit or debit cards.

REFERENCES http://www.nfc-forum.org http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_field_communication http://www.nearfield communiaction.org http://apcmag.com/inside-nfc-how-near-field-communicati

on-works.htm http://www.mobilecommercepress.com Google. "Google Wallet: How it Works." (Jan. 28, 2012)

http://www.google.com/wallet/how-it-works.html#in-store Kessler, Sarah. "NFC Technology: 6 Ways it Could Change

Our Daily Lives." Mashable. May 6, 2010. (Feb. 6, 2012) http://mashable.com/2010/05/06/near-field-communication/

THANK YOU!!!