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Understanding The Brain/Body Connection An Overview of Brain Mapping and NeuroIntegration Technology

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Understanding The Brain/Body Connection

An Overview of Brain Mapping and NeuroIntegration Technology    

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The Brain IS…• …the most complex

structure in the known universe.

• …like an ecosystem—dynamic and adaptable.

• …capable of learning and re-organizing at any stage of life.

• …the greatest consumer of glucose and oxygen in the body.

• …in control of the body.

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The Brain is NOT…

• …the Mind.

• …hard-wired after a certain age.

• …the sole product of either nature or nurture.

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Brain Regions & Their General Function

Frontal Lobes• Higher cognitive functions• Reasoning• Parts of speech• ST memory • Attention • Emotional inhibition

Parietal Lobes • Movement & body awareness • Orientation & location• Recognition & association• Arousal & perception of stimuli

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Brain Regions & Their General FunctionOccipital Lobes• Visual processing• Arousal

Temporal Lobes• Memory• Comprehension• Major convergence zone

Cerebellum• Balance• Motor sequencing

Brain Stem• Primary arousal• Consciousness

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Thalamus

• Sensory way station• Preliminary

processing and integration of all sensory inputs

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A Single Neuron• The cell body receives

information from other cells connected to its dendrites.

• The other cells’ signals vote on whether this cell should fire a signal.

• The cell body develops an electrical charge or signal in response to the votes.

• The signal travels down the axon to other cells to vote as well.

• The waxing and waning of these voting charges creates the EEG.

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Basic EEG Morphology

• Beta waves 15-36hz – High beta is associated with

anxious hyperactive thinking– Low beta is associated with alert

active things• SMR 12-15 hz

– Associated with external focus• Alpha waves 8-12hz

– Associated with relaxed awareness

• Theta waves 4-7hz – Associated with internal focus

• Delta waves .5-4hz – Associated with deep,

dreamless sleep

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Arousal Theory & EEG• Alpha Waves

- Thalamus

- Attention & self awareness• Beta Waves

- Cortex

- Processing• Theta Waves

- Limbic System

- Memory & emotions

- Coordination of processing• Delta Waves

- Brain stem

- Continuity & sleep

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NeuroPlasticity• ‘Neurons that fire together

wire together.’ (D.O.Hebb - 1949 “Hebbian Learning”)

• Our brains are constantly changing.

• Every experience, thought, action and emotion actually changes the structure of our brains.

• There are more possible ways to connect the brain’s neurons than there are atoms in the universe.

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Plasticity and Use Dependency• The brain is plastic.

– It responds to demand by increasing efficiency

– Habit formation• Use it or lose it.

– Decline in the variety of stimulus, drives a decline in use, which drives a decline in capacity.

– Years in formal education directly correlate to a reduction in age-related cognitive decline independent of age, birthplace occupation, income or native language.

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Conditioning

• I Pavlov and his DAWGS• B F Skinner: reward-based reinforcement

learning can explain much of behavior

(Skinner – 193; Thorndike – 1911; Pavlov - 1905)

• Skinner showed that reward governs much of human and animal behavior

• He discovered operant conditioning

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Why NeuroIntegration?

• Interacts directly with behavior of cortex bypassing consciously held agendas

• Utilizes the principles by which the brain learns: engage, reward, repeat and re-enforce

• Drives plastic change• Easy to participate• Lasting change: THE

BRAIN LEARNS!

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Sterman’s Research On Alpha & Arousal

• Pilots who were able to consistently return to a resting alpha state after engaging a task had greater stamina and performed better than pilots who did not (Sterman, 1995)

• Arousal should vary and adjust with task complexity

• Withdraw Sensorimotor Inputs:SMR appears

• Withdraw Cognitive Processing: Alpha appears

• Withdraw vigilance: Theta appears (Sterman, 1994)

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Brain Imaging & Mapping

• QEEG (quantitative EEG)• SPECT (single photon

emission computed tomography)

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

• fMRI (functional MRI)• PET (positron emission

tomography)• CAT scan (computer axial

tomography)

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Alcohol Abuse

Normal38 y/o: 17 years of heavy weekend use

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Marijuana

Normal Underside

28 y/o: 10 years of mostly weekend use; underside surface view decreased pfc & temporal lobe activity

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ADD Spect Studies

ADD at rest: note mild decrease prefrontal area

ADD at concentration: note marked decrease prefrontal cortex and left temporal lobe

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QEEG - The Brainmap

• The brainmap is much like a weather map

• It provides information about what frequencies or component bands are high or low at different locations

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Distributions of Disorder

• LD often appears as posterior elevated delta

• ADHD often appears as elevated frontal theta

• Depression often appears as elevated central or frontal alpha

• Anxiety often appears as elevated frontal beta often in conjunction with diminished alpha

• Depression often also appears as more slowing on the left, while anxiety appears as increased activity on the right

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Discriminants• Discriminants indicate

probability of a problem present

• Discriminants are not indicators of severity of a health challenge

• We match symptoms and behaviors to discriminants

• Discriminants are for the purpose of NFB training, not medication or medical intervention

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Emotional Analysis

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Cognitive Analysis

• Cognitive analysis indicates probability of a processing problem present

• We match subjective complaints to formal scientific categories

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Before and AfterAfter 40 sessions

• “Normal” known• Most conditions have a

typical pattern of departure from normal, which is the cause of the subjective experience

• Train to return to normal• As function normalizes,

perception and experience change and symptoms lessen

Pre Map with high theta

Post map with normal theta

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Case Study One9 year old female

Presenting with ADD, atypical Asperbergers, & Depression10 sessions (2 x weekly) trained 2

Before

After

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Case Study One

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Case Study OneClients Mother’s Comments

In 8 sessions I have noticed an extreme increase in her joy. Her attention span has also increased. This is our first experience with NIT, and we have been pleased. We didn’t really notice a noticeable difference in Hannah until after the 5th session. But the difference was a big one—her anger transformed into happiness. She also made a new friend and has kept this new friend, without her losing interest. Her ability to sit still has increased. It has been very helpful for Hannah’s ADHD. We would definitely recommend this service to others. 3 weeks after sessions endedHannah has been on no medication for her ADHD, besides the TravaCor Jr. supplements, and doing very well in school. It's hard to remember the last time she was this happy. Her concentration and comprehension has improved immensely.

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Case Study Two57 year old female presenting with depression

& anxiety (trained 10 sessions 3 X weekly)Before

After

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Case Study Two

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Case Study TwoI thought you may like to know some of my observations re the NIT. Firstly I would like to thank you very much for your gentle kind support of me from the beginning. As you know I arrived rather anxious and burnt out from years of teaching in SA. You made me feel so special and relaxed. Once I realised that you were not judging me because of my `sieve brain` I began to enjoy our time together.

About half way through the 10 sessions, I felt a new sense of relaxation and rejuvenation. I know I have benefitted from these sessions and would love to keep them up. But it is not to be as I will return to SA but with a new, revived brain. Thanks again for everything.

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Case Study Three4 year old boy presenting with axonal motor neuropathy,

bilateral hip dysplasia, and bilateral cub feet

My son Wyatt, age 4, has had a good experience. He was diagnosed with axonal motor neuropathy affecting the legs, which made his legs get really tired pretty quickly. He also as born with bilateral hip dysplasia and bilateral cub feet and has spent nearly his entire life in either casts or braces. Wyatt also has a syrinx in his spine. After about 4 sessions of NIT Wyatt started walking up stairs right, left, right, left, whereas before he would walk up stairs left, left, left, unless I asked him to use his right. The biggest difference has been in his stamina. His level of fatigue has decreased tremendously. His coordination, balance, gait, and stamina have all improved tremendously after 8 sessions. Also, Wyatt has recently been practicing standing on his hands, which he is able to balance on for a couple of seconds. He had never attempted this before. He just seems to have more control over his body, and he knows it.

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Case Study Four51 year old male presenting with depression & poor memory

Before

After

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Case Study Four

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Remember• The function of your brain

determines your level of consciousness and your experience of the world.

• YOU are not your brain, not a product of its collective function nor its learned and habitually expressed patterns of behavior—these will change over time.

• YOU are the uniting principle behind all these things.

• You should be running your brain, not the other way round!