nfactory fopis experiments - dtic. · pdf filefopis experiments owhay-yu chiang, ... blade...

" ,LE COPY

00LO

NFactory Model and Test Data Descriptions:FOPIS Experiments

OWhay-Yu Chiang, Mark S. Fox, and Peng Si Ow1

CMU-RI-TR-90-05DTIC;ELECTEJUN08 1990

Center for Integrated Manufacturing and Decision SystemsIle Robotcs Institute

Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213

:__ March 1990

| A p~prov ed fo r p l"i~c elea f- ,

© 1989 Carnegie Mellon Universitya

1IBM Entry Systems Divisions

90 ()03

, ncas ifieoI

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE1a. IPOrT SECLUJTY CLASSIFICATION lb. RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS

2a. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3 DISTRIBUTIC /AILABILITY OF REPORTApproved for public release;

2b. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE distribution unl imi ted

4. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) S. MONITORING ORGANIZATIO! REPORT NUMBER(S)

CMU-RI-TR-90-05

6a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATIONThe Robotics Institute (if applicable)

Carnegie Mellon University6c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 7b. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code)

Pittsburgh, PA 15213

8a. NAME OF FUNDING/SPONSORING 8b. OFFICE SYMBOL 9. PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBERORGANIZATION (If applicable)

8c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERSPROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORK UNITELEMENT NO. NO. NO. ACCESSION NO.

11. TITLE (Include Security Classification)

Factory Model and Test Data Description: OPIS Experiments

12. PERSONAL ALy-U Chiang, Mark S. Fox, and Peng Si Ow

13a. TYPE OF.REPPRT 13b. TIME COVERED TO 14. Fi% Pj qffear, Month, D 5 COUNTiecrical FROM _____TO j4~P~ 9 9 fa~ot.a)15PC~ON

16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION

17. COSATI CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP

19. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)This report defines a factory model and a set of experiments that can be used to compare

alternative scheduling methods. The factory model defines parts, process plans, resources,and constraints. Multiple sets of test data are defined to test the scheduling algorithmsunder varying factory loadings. The model and test data are based on the ISIS/OPIS projects.

20. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATIONIUNCLASSFIED/UNLIMITED 03 SAME AS RPT. ED DTIC USERS Unclassified

22a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b. TELEPHONE (Include Area Code) 22c. OFFICE SYMBOL

DO FORM 1473,84 MAR 83 APR edition may be used until exhausted. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEAll other editions are obsolete.

Contents

1 Introduction 1

2 Model Overview 1

3 Factory Model 23.1 Parts..............................23.2 Process Plans...........................4

3.2.1 Process plan for Produce-Pbladel: .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. .. 43.2.2 Process plan for Produce-Pbladet:.. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ..... 53.2.3 Process plan for Produce-Pblade&:.. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ..... 53.2.4 Process plan for Produce-Pblade4: .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ..... 63.2.5 Process plan for Produce-Pblade5:.. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ..... 73.2.6 Process plan for Produce-Pblade6:.. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. .. 7

3.3 Resource. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. 83.4 Constraint .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. 8

4 Experiments 94.1 Experiment Generation Parameters .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. .. 114.2 Experiments .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. .. 11

4.2.1 Test-series . .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... ... 134.2.2 Test-series2. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... ... 144.2.3 Test-series3 . ......... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15

4.2.4 Test-series4. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... ... 164.2.5 Test-series5. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... ... 174.2.6 Test-series6. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... ... 184.2.7 Test-series7. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... ... 194.2.8 Test-series8. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... ... 204.2.9 Test-series9. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... ... 214.2.10 Test-serieslO .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... 224.2.11 Test-seriesl . .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .. 234.2.12 Test-seriesl2 .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... 244.2.13 Test-seriesl3 .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... 254.2.14 Test-seriesl4 .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... 26

*4.2.15 Test-seriesl5 .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... 274.2.16 Test-seriesl6 .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... 284.2.17 Test-seriesl7 .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... 294.2.18 Test-seriesl8 .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... 304.2.19 Test-seriesl9 .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... 314.2.20 Test-series20 .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... 324.2.2 1 Test-series2l. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .. 334.2.22 Test-series22 .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... 34

List of Figures

1 A Turbine Blade ......................................2 Jobshop Model .............................................. 3

Accesion ForNTIS CRA&I

DTIC TAB]UnanIour-ieIEdJust ifC ci:;

Ava lihbi' y CIdes

' Av,w, -: ,J i ta

Dist t),c ,djl

RI

List of Tables

1 Parts in OPIS Factory Model. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. .... 42 Process Plan For Produce-P bladel .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... 43 Time Table for Produce-Pbladel .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ..... .. .... 54 Process Plan For.Produce-P blae2 . .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .. 55 Time Table for Produce-Pblade2. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. .... 56 Process Plan for Produce-Pblae3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. ... 67 Time table for Produce-BladeS.. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. 68 Process Plan for Produce-Pblade4.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. 69 Time Table for Produce-Pblade4. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. 710 Process Plan for Produce-Pblade5.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. ... 711 Time Table for Produce-Pblae5 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. .... 712 Process Plan for Produce-Pblade6.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. 813 Time Table for Produce-Pblade6. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. .... 814 Machines in OPIS Factory Model .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. 915 Product Mix in OPIS Factory Model. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. .. 1016 Order Priority Class in OPIS Factory Model. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... 1017 Order Lead time in OPIS Factory Model .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .... 1018 Experiment Generator by Categories. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ..... 1119 Test-Series In OPIS Experiment .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... 12

i

Abstract

This report defines a factory model and a set of experiments that can be used to compare alternativescheduling methods. The factory model defines parts, process plans, resources, and constraints.Multiple sets of test data are defined to test the scheduling algorithms under varying factoryloadings. The model and test data are based on the ISIS/OPIS projects.

Introduction

The goal of this report is to define a factory model and a set of experiments that can be usedto compare alternative schedulinmethods. T)h model was originally created to piovide a com-parative analysis of the OPIS W =[ind ISIS j] constraint directed scheduling systems and theCOVERT dispatch rule[l]. The model is a simplification of the model used originally to test ISISo

This report defines a Job Shop in terms of:

Parts, including physical characteristics

Process plans composed of operations, precedence relations, and resource requirements)'

. Resource descriptions, including labor machine ratios)' A r2

6) Constraints covering due dates, work in process, machine restrictions, etc.

---- f-w-o experiments are defined each containing orde-rs -composed of release dates, due

dates, parts, quantity, and priority. Orders were statistically generated based on the parametersdescribed in the latter sections. (kr. ) &_-

The data described in this report is available online by sending email to Mark.Fox cs.cmu.edu.

2 Model Overview

The factory being modeled is a Turbine Component Plant. A turbine blade is a complex threedimensional object composed of two parts: root and airfoil. The root is designed to clamp theblade into the turbine shaft and the airfoil is to transform the kinetic energy of hot stream or airtraveling on it into the rotational motion of the turbine. A blade as in figure 1 is produced by asequence of forging, milling, grinding and finishing operations to tolerances of a thousandth of aninch. There are three types of blades: t blade, cse blade, and sse blade. (Short for T-shape, Curved

Side Entry, and Straight Side Entry blades.) They differ in the operations and materials requiredto produce them.

Tenon

Airfoil Section Stellite Strip

Lugs

Root

Figure 1: A Turbine Blade

1

The three product families are further divided into six different products, Figure 2 shows thejobshop used in the tests and the three routes an order for a product could follow through the shop.This environment and the three routes are simplifications of the actual jobshop. The simplificationswere made by extracting three of the most popular families of products and omitting linear portionsof the original routings for each family. For the operations in the remaining routings, the actualestimates of operation times and machine setup times were retained. This model jobshop was testedto make sure that the locations of bottlenecks corresponded to the actual jobshop experience.

The resources in the model are located in separate work-areas. Work-areas consist of one ormore identical machines or work-stations. For example, WA1 in Figure 2 is made up of 12 wor'stations. When an order arrives at WA1 for processing, any of these work-stations may be selectedfor the job. Machines or work-stations may only process one order at a time and no operation onan order may start until its preceding operation has ended.

The three product families are further divided into six different products, two products perfamily. Each family has its own set of alternative routes through the shop, as shown in Figure 2.Where a route forks, a choice has to be made as to which work-area the order should be routed tonext. Notice that orders follow an acyclic path through the shop. The routes are represented as anoperations graph for each product family. Additional information in the graphs includes processingtime and setup time for each operation. Whenever a machine is assigned to perform a differentoperation from the one that it has most recently performed, or is scheduled to start for the firsttime, it must be appropriately setup with the right tools, fixtures, etc. The machine must remainidle for the duration of the setup.

The processing times required for each operation in producing each product may place differentdemands on the capacity of the work-areas. When these demands exceed the available capacity ofa machine, that machine becomes a bottleneck. For the set of products and orders defined in ourexperiments, the bottleneck work-areas are WA2, WA3, WA4, WA5 and WA6.

The size of an order is the number of units to be produced, and this number is drawn froma uniform distribution, U(100, 150) units. An order may also be assigned to one of six priorityclasses with equal probability of being in each class:

" Forced outages (FO): Orders to replace blades which malfunctioned during operation. It isimportant to ship these orders as soon as possible, no matter what the cost.

" Critical replacement (CR) and Ship Direct (SD): Orders to replace blades during scheduledmaintenance. Advance warning is provided, but the blades must arrive on time.

* Service and shop orders (SO, SH): Orders for new turbines. Lead times of up to three yearsmay be known.

" Stock orders (ST): Order for blades to be placed in stock for future needs.

3 Factory Model

3.1 Parts

Each part is a blade product defined by a blade type, process plan and length of its airfoil as inTable 1.

2

0 0

1~W11 (1 wor stations)lu

elb.proc rocr ' L210lOL0h 28

WA2 WA3WAfB

%I

% I.5

WA8

Product 1& 4

MWO- Product 2& 5

01*~ Product 3& 6

WAllfinal.str

Figure 2: Jobshop Model

3

part blade type process plan air-foil lengthPbladel CSE blade produce-Pbladel 26Pblade2 SSE blade produce-Pblade2 26Pblade3 T blade produce-Pblade3 26Pblade4 CSE blade produce-Pblade4 26Pblade5 SSE blade produce-Pblade5 26Pblade6 T blade produce-Pblade6 26

Table 1: Parts in OPIS Factory Model

3.2 Process Plans

There exists more than one way to produce a part in the factory. Consequently, a part's processplan is represented as a directed graph of operations. Nodes in the graph represent operations,and arcs represent precedence relations. Any path through the graph represents a "legal" processplan for the part. In the following operation schemata, the actual duration and resource neededfor each operation are described for each part.

3.2.1 Process plan for Produce-Pbladel:

Table 2 is the process plan for Produce-Pbladel with the operation name, operation type, machineworking area, the previous operation and next operation in the process sequence. Op- L.bladel is thefirst operation in the process plan for Pbladel, therefore it does not have any previous operation.Then, this operation is followed by either of the two alternative rooting operation: op-2a.bladel orop-2b.blade2. The rest of the operations are op-3.bladel, op-4.bladel, op-5.bladel and op-6.bladel.The last operation op-6.bladel has no next operation.

operation type area pret-operation nezt-operationop-L.bladel ws-operation Ist.str N/A (or op-2a.bladel

op-2b.bladel)op-2a.bladel rooting elb.a.proc op-L.bladel op-3.bladelop-2b.bladel rooting rooting area op-l.bladel op-3.bladelop-3.bladel ws-operation 2nd/peg.str (or op-2a.bladel op-4.bladel

op-2b.bladel)op-4.blade 1 airfoil airfoil-area op-3.bladel op-5.bladelop-5.bladel ws-operation brazing area op-4.bladel op-6.bladelop-6.blade 1 ws-operation final.str op-5.bladel N/A

Table 2: Process Plan For Produce-Pbladel

There is different time duration for each operation in the process plan. In Table 3, two kinds ofduration information are listed for each operation: setup time and piece time. Setups are neededwhen two successive operations on any particular machine are not of the same product family.Piece time is the processing time per piece for the required operation. Setup time and piece timeare measured in seconds.

Process plans for the other blade parts in the following subsections have same columns as theabove tables.

4

operation set-up pieceop-l.bladel 25200 1238op-2a.bladel 49500 471op-2b.bladel 59400 759op-3.bladel 9000 1123op-4.bladel 5400 162op-5.bladel 10800 860op-6.bladel 14400 658

Table 3: Time Table for Produce-Pbladel

3.2.2 Process plan for Produce-Pblade2:

Table 4 and 5 are the process plan and its time table for producing Produce-Pblade2, respectively.

operation type area pre .operation nezt-operationop-l.blade2 ws-operation lst.str N/A (or op-2a.blade2

op-2b.blade2)op-2a.blade2 rooting root.210 op-l.blade2 op-3.blade2op-2b.blade2 rooting root.208h op-l.blade2 op-3.blade2op-3.blade2 ws-operation tapered-blade- (or op-2a.blade2 op-4.blade2

area op-2b.blade2)op-4.blade2 airfoil airfoil-area op-3.blade2 op-5.blade2op-5.blade2 ws-operation brazing area op-4.blade2 op-6.blade2op-6.blade2 ws-operation final.str op-5.blade2 N/A

Table 4: Process Plan For Produce-Pblade&2

operation set-up pieceop-l.blade2 25200 957op-2a.blade2 55800 2995op-2a.blade2 55800 2995op-3.blade2 16019 396op-4.blade2 5400 205op-5.blade2 10800 619op-6.blade2 14400 468

Table 5: Time Table for Produce-Pblade2


Table 6 and 7 are the process plan and its time table for producing Produce.PbladeS, respectively.

5

operation type area prev-operation next-operation

op-1.blade3 ws-operation lst.str ... N7A (or op-2a.blade3op-2b .blade3)

op-2a.blade3 rooting root.208h op-1.blade3 op-3.bla&e3op-2b.blade3 rooting root.208v op-1.blade3 op-3.blade3op-3.blade3 ws-operation final.str (or op-2a.blade3 N/A

_________ _________ _______ op-2b.blade3) ________

Table 6: Process Plan for Produce-PbladeS

operation set-up pleceop-1.blade3 18000 356op-2a.blade3 54000 2818op-2b.blade3 54000 2818op-3.blade3 125200 13451

Table 7: Time table for Producc-Blade



operation type area pre v-operation Inert-operet ion"op-1.blade4 ws-operation lst.str N/A (or op-2a.blade4

op-2b.blade4)op-2a.blade4 rooting elb.a.proc op-1.blade4 op-3.blade4op-2b.blade4 rooting rooting.area op-i .blade4 op-3.blade4op-3.blade4 ws-operation 2nd/peg.str (or op-2a.blade4 op-4.blad-A

op.-2b.blade4)op-4.blade4 airfoil airfoil-area op-3.blade4 op-5.blade4op-5.blade4 wa-operation brazing area op-4.blade4 op-6.blade4op-6.blade4 wa-operation final.str op-5.blade4 N/AJ

Table 8: Process Plan for Produce-Pblade4

6

-operation set-up pieceop-1.blade4 25200 1238op-2a.blade4 49500 471op-2b.blade4 59400 759op-3.blade4 9000 1123op-4.blade4 5400 162op-5.blade4 10800 860

1op-6.blade4 114400 1 6581


3.2.5 Process plan for Prodtsce-Pblade5:


operation ty/pe area pretv-operation next-operationop-1.blade5 ws-operation lst.str N/A (or op-2a.blTade5

op-2b.blade5)op-2a.blade5 rooting root.210 op-l.blade5 op-3.blade5op-2b.blade5 rooting root.208h op-l.blade5 op-3.blade5op-3.blade5 wa-operation tapered-blade- (or op-2a.blade5 op-4.blade5

area op-2b.blade5)op-4.blade5 airfoil p/w op-3.blade5 op-5.blade5op-5.blade5 Iwa-operation brazing area op-4.blade5 op-6.blade5op-6.blade5 jwa-operation final.str op-5.blade5 N/A


operation set-up pieceop-1l.blade5 25200 957op-2a.blade5 55800 2995op-2a.blade5 55800 2995op-3.blade5 16019 396op-4.blade5 5400 205op-5.blade5 10800 619op-6.blade5 114400 1468


3.2.6 Process plan for Prodtsce-Pblade6:

Table 12 and 13 are the process plan and its time table for producing Produce- Pblade6, respectively.

7

operation type area prev-operation next-operationop-l.blade6 ws-operation lst.str -N7A (or op-2a.blade6

op-2b.blade6)op-2a.blade6 rooting root.208h op-I.blade6 op-3.blade6op-2b.blade6 rooting root.208v op-L.blade6 op-3.blade6op-3.blade6 ws-operation final.str (or op-2a.blade6 N/A

op-2b.blade6)


operation set-up pieceop-l.blade6 18000 356op-2a.blade6 54000 2818op-2b.blade6 54000 2818op-3.blade6 25200 345


3.3 Resource

Following are the machines used in the scheduling task with detailed descriptions of which resourcearea it belongs to, and preference constraints1 [See Table 14]. However, notice that there is anoperation, straightening, that uses manual workstations only instead of automated machines.

3.4 Constraint

Constraints are generated automatically for different product type, and its priority class. Some arepreferences which could be relaxed and some are hard constraints to be exactly satisfied.

One more point to mention here is that the two constraints we had here for the experimentsare:

1. due-date-constraints: each priority class has its own due date constraint providing a utilitywhich varied with how early or late an order was.

2. q-preference: it specifies preference for sequencing parts of similar type.

Also, there are several preferences attached with the machines [See Table 14]:

1. shift constraints: it is to confine the operation on the machine within a certain shift restriction.

2. length preference: a preference constraint with true utility 1.1 and false utility of 1.0. Thisis to differentiate the length of a turbine blade they would work on.

3. lug preference: preference constraint with true utility 1.1 and false utility of 1.0. This is todifferentiate machines for the number of lugs on a turbine blade.

'/usr/isis/3/db/6.new/Winston-model/ws-instance/resources/ws-mach .1

8

machine__ area 4d srian constraints

st ist'str (WAi) fis traihning wls lst.stshift.constraint:,ty-ic Ist.str (WAl) first straightening W/o Ist.sir-shaftconstrangsty-id istety (WAl) first straightentin w/o ist.str-shift-coustrsaintstr.ie Ististr (WAI) first straightening W/s Ist.otr.shift-constrainsstr-lf is.sty (WAi) first straightening w/o lst.str-shift-constrains

sif ist.str (WAl) first straightening W/o ist.srshift-constraintgt.I istasty (WAI) first straightening W/o it.sr. shift-coast raintI

III-l ssistt (WAl) first Straightening W/o rs.strshift-constrai atii-l ist.str (WAl) first straightening W/o lst.str-shaft-constraint

str-ik ist.str (WAI) first straightening W/o ist.sr. shift.const rainssIT-il ist.str (WAi) first straightening w/o lst.str-shift.constraintelbaproc elbaproc (WA2) sib form grinder A elb-ashift-constraiutrotary rooting-area (WA3) rotary 6 station mill rotary.-shift.-const9raintr210a toot.210 (WA4) XLO 210 A rooting machime r2i0asbift-constraintr20$c root.206h (WAS) XLO 206 C rooting machine r2O1cshift-constraintr2O6h root.206h (WAS) XLO 206 H rooting machine r2O0h shift- constraint9r206-9 foot.206v (WA6) XLO 208 9 rooting machine r2OS.9shift.constraintgr.852 tapered. blade.area (WAT) XLO £52 root grinder gr.852-shift-constraintstr-2a 2ndipeg.str (WAS) second straightening w/o 2nd/peg-sstrshift-constraintstr-2b 2ndipeg.str (WAS) second straightening w/s 2ndipeg.str.shift-constraintstr-2c 2ad/peg.ssr (WA8) second asrightening w/s 2nd/peg.sr-shift-constraintstr.2d 2ndipeg.str (WAS) seconad straightening W/o 2ndi/peg.str.shifIs. cons train&str-2o 2ad/peg.str (WAS) second straightening W/o 2nd/pog.str~shift-constranssr-2f 2nd/peg.str (WAS) second straightening w/o 2ndipegf.sitshift-constraintp/w airfoil-area (WA9) Pratt Whitney wolverine p/w-shift-constraintbrastr-a brasing-area, (WA 10) induction brazer I brazer-a-shift-constraintbrazer-b brazing-area (WAiC) induction brazer 2 brawer- b-shift.-const raintbrazer-c brazing-are (WA 10) induction brazer 3 braaer-c-shift-constraintstr.3a final.str (Wil) final straightening w/o final-shift-constraintstr-3b finalityr (WAIi) final straightening wi, final1-shift-constraintstr-3c finalsty (WAII) final straightening w/o final-shift-constrasintsty-3d finalisty (WAll) Ifinal straightening w/o final.-shift-constraint

Table 14: Machines in OPIS Factory Model

4 Experiments

The experiments were designed, primarily, to focus on three scheduling objectives:

" Minimize total tardiness cost of all orders.

" Minimize the total number of setups to be performed at each machine.

" Minimize the work-in-process time (wip) of orders.

Tardiness cost is computed based on the relative tardy costs per day late. Work-in-process timerefers to the length of time an order remains in the shop, assuming that it enters the shop onlywhen it is scheduled to begin processing, not when it is first released to the shop. 2 Order releasetime refers to the earliest possible time an order may start.

The characteristics of the orders were varied by manipulating the following parameters.Product Mix. The probability of an order being for a particular product type is a variable. Two

probability distributions were used, PM1 and PM2, shown in the Table 15:The probability distributions were designed so that the resulting loads on the bottleneck ma-

chines would be approximately equal. Products 1 and 4 take proportionately shorter time relativeto available capacity than the other products, hence more of those orders would be processed in afixed period of time.

Priority class. An order can be assigned to one of six priority classes with equal probability ofbeing in each class, as in Table 16:

2 This is generalizable to the case where the order has to enter the shop (say, in the form of raw materials) some

constant period of time before processing starts.

9

Prod. Miz Prod. I Prod. 1 Prod. 3 LProd. 4 I Prod. 5 1 Prod. 6PM1 0.34 0.08 0.08 "0.34 0.08 0.08PM2 0.5 0.04 0.12 0.18 0.12 0.04

Table 15: Product Mix in OPIS Factory Model

Priority class R~eqlive cost DescriptionFO 20 Forced OutCR 16 Critical ReplacementSD 12 Ship Directso 8 Service OrderST 4 Stock orderSH 1 Shop Order

Table 16: Order Priority Class in OPIS Factory Model

Order Lead Time. The length of time between the earliest time at which an order may start andits due date. Two main methods of generating order lead times were tested. The first was derivedfrom policies in the actual jobshop. The shop charged a premium for "rush" orders which thughad a higher tardiness cost weighting. At the other extreme, orders that were fed to other sistershops were used in large construction projects with very long lead times and were more negotiable.These had lower tardiness cost weightings attached. Therefore, lead times were correlated withpriority class and so we used a different lead time distribution for the test data depending on thepriority class of the order where P is the average total processing time for an order. The uniformdistributions used for determining orders lead times in each priority class are shown in Table 17.(including setup time). The second method of generating order lead times assumed that order leadtimes were independent of priority class. Hence, a single uniform distribution was used.

Priority class FO CR SD SO SH STdistribution U(0,4P) U(0,6P) U(0,6.5P) U(0,8P)

Table 17: Order Lead time in OPIS Factory Model

Order Release Pattern. Each order is associated with an earliest time at which thavt order isreleased for processing in the shop. Release times or start times are similar to arrival ti/.e of jobsin the shop, but in our experiments the release times are known at the start of scheduling. Justas the arrival pattern is typically manipulated in scheduling experiments to detect tle effects onperformance, we tested three different patterns of order release - (i) daily releases /f orders; (ii)weekly releases; and (iii) exponentially distributed intervals between releases. In th 1 last case, wetested mean intervals of 3 days, EXP(3), and 7 days, EXP(7), between releases. /I

Batchsize. Orders are released in batches. Batchsizes were drawn from uniforfn distributionsand were coordinated with the order release patterns to obtain loads of approx iaately 70% and105% on the bottleneck machines assuming no setup times. Two of the earlier testis involving dailyreleases of orders had bottleneck loads of 120of lead times were sufficiently long to/keep the number

10

of tardy orders low.

4.1 Experiment Generation Parameters

This section summarizes the different parameter settings for generating the order sets. Each pa-rameter setting creates an order set belonging to a particular order category, which is identified bya number in the Category column. 22 order sets were created covering 18 categories. Two order setswere created for certain categories. The load of the shop was affected by the product mix, orderrelease pattern times and batchsize together. The order lead time distribution was the strongestinfluence over the tardiness factor of the schedule[6]. The tardiness factor is a coarse measure of theproportion of tardy jobs in a random schedule. The four variables were manipulated to examinehow the three systems would perform under varying conditions of our model shop. Two of the testsare comprised of 85 orders. All others have 120 orders [See Table 18].

Category Product mix Batchsize Release Leadlime Approx. Load1 PM1 U(0,8) Daily U(0, 4P..20P) 120%2 PM1 U(0,8) Daily U(0, 4P..8P) 120%3 PM2 U(0,15) Exp(3) U(0,4P..8P) 105%4 PM2 U(0,15) Exp(3) U(0.67P, 5P) 105%5 PMI U(0,29) Weekly U(O, 4P..8P) 90%6 PM2 U(0,29) Weekly U(0, 4P..8P) 90%7 PM2 U(0,29) Weekly U(0, 4P) 90%8 PM1 U(0,29) Weekly U(0, 4P) 90%9 PM1 U(0,29) Exp(7) U(0, 4P..8P) 90%10 PMI U(0,29) Exp(7) U(0.67P, 5P) 90%11 PM2 U(0,11) Exp(3) U(0, 4P..8P) 77%12 PM2 U(0,11) Exp(3) U(0.67P, 5P) 77%13 PMI U(0,22) Weekly U(0, 4P..8P) 70%14 PM2 U(0,22) Weekly U(0, 4P..8P) 70%15 PM1 U(0,22) Weekly U(0.67P, 5P) 70%16 PM2 U(0,22) Weekly U(0.67P, 5P) 70%17 PMI U(0,22) Exp(7) U(0, 4P..8P) 70%18 PMI U(0,22) Exp(7) U(0.67P, 5P) 70%

Table 18: Experiment Generator by Categories

4.2 Experiments

This section defines each experiment. The 22 experiments relate to each of the categories defined

earlier as in Table 19:The order generator would take input in the order.init file 3 as in the following program example:

(weekly-orders 120 ; total number of lots"2/18/85 8:00:00" start & Date of first batch, Monk Day 8 a.m.'(FO CR SD SO SH ST) ; acceptable priority classesI ; lead time factor29 ; max. batch size => mean size - 4 orders'(50 54 66 84 96 100) ; 50 : 4: 12 : 18 : 12 : 4

)

3tl /test-series6/orders-db/order.init under the directory /usr/isis/3/isis-test/pso-exps

11

The experiment files thus generated are listed in the sequence of test series in the followingsubsections. Each order has its associated lot number, lot name, priority class, manufacturingstart quantity, requested schedule date and requested due date.

Category Test-series1 12 2,33 94 175 66 57 13,218 14,229 1010 1811 812 1613 714 415 1516 2017 1118 19

Table 19: Test-Series In OPIS Experiment

12

O~oo f 0b OOO OO 4 OOO OO

0 1 f i I I I I I I I I I fi t 1 1 1 1 1 I I

~i0 0 0 00000000 0 0 0 0 Oa 00 00

4 00 0 0 .4 000 0 .- to N 0NN 0 N -i 0 N 0 a090

20 0 0 00 0 0000 000 00 00 0000 00 0 00

IA I I I I III I II I I I I I I I I

ai O 0 00000 00 000 0000 0 0

: I 0 v '. o In In 000 0 Inv In 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0000000000000--000000000000- 00 -- -- -"0

m0 a a a mr 0- to n 0 No .1 'o. N0 w-l N r N

42ow N0 0 1 W-i N0 - N 0 N0 N0 . N0 WN 01 ., 0, N0 N, T NTN0

0- - - ---- - N -N- - ---- - -

w 010 0 0 0 0 0 0 n n0 ftO (5 C l f- 4 ez0C)f.m0t e0e 4C 000 u 1c

0 00 00 41 0 1 0 0 o o oo a o0 ooooo0 0 0 0000 0 0 O

o----------M-----. .---.. .

N~~@ IN 0 . IN IN ft04 dd 00- 00- C,

* P ,n I'n IM3, , III , 3 C I'M I ", ,nC In In 3,, ,M C , ', -, - - InIC

100 0 30 IN 3, 0 n -03,3, 0 ,n", 0 ft Me00 %,C - d .3~ ,0"00 " did C d 0d .0Cdf03 - 0-----3,

.a cc f. 30 30C C.0 Oct Mae 0 a .3. 00 0or o 0 0 i

33. Cd @4 Cd IN to In N In In @4 @ In IN L-0 n C I. w4 Cd 0' In u4@

03 0000000000000o,=0000 000000.3 0 0 0000C00 0000000000 00000 0 0

0 0 000000ao00000000000000 000

In . 3,0 0, .iO 4 00 0 0 ;40, 3 0. 0 3, ;4 .10

10~~ 1d 0~~ d 10. 14 10 1b10

0.40. 0 0 0.0D 00.002 0.0 0.0 0.0. 0.0 0.0a 0.0a 00ma0000a000a000M0C, D000a000a004

0 0c2 0 0 000 000 001C 0 00 0 COO~ 0o co cc 0o o c~o 0 4 0cO:0 00 0 0oo

,n 0000000000000000000000000 1: 0 0 I dI

.30m3 A.0 30000 0 . C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. 000000 9Lm m 6%m . m m C

o0 @4 0 In @4 000 I 0 C.0 0 0 i C. 000 .1 0 1 3003 In 3, C. - 3JUInI 0 @4 4-3 (A In dI i 0 d C. LA 0A U 0030 Cd InI 0 0 In 3, InC 3 3

0- 0.I C1C 0 0 @4 00 Cd3 0 IN 0 In 1.2 0 ,n n,.. 03 .. I dN di.I I @ .1 N 4i @ 0I1. 4d

CI,

0 C 03 di 0 0 03 0 0d3 n4 Cd3 C. di, CI 300 C. C,00 0 0 C. Q C, 0 0 I= CI 0.) C. ui C. uI 0. c2 I 0 00 C. 000 0I. 3, 00 I I d I I 3, I3 IN I.. 0 . 00 . 3, ,d 03 -I0, , , ~ i O , , i I di 3 0 ,0C 4 i0

0 .1. o o, 3, o3 03 30 3 3 3, @4 . C. 00 . C. 00 . 0 C. 0 30 0, Oi C. 3, 03,0, 0 C 0 'a 000, 0, 0, 0 0 00 03 od -o o014! EE H CU 1 C-- - C-- - -L -t-. :t-- d d - -- F.4Cd- - --FE~-EE-d d d d d ddtddi : E t Et 1 ' E. EE

di~m - - WId id id id id id id id id id id id id id idid id id id id id id id id id id id id id id

S0000 0000 0-M0 C 00W 0000 a0 0 0 00 0 0 a mo00 00 C, 00 M000000000D-- - a -- M C % ~la I C II 1 1 16 c1 1. MII 11 11 III ml "0aI l~ -7- III -l 7S . . c

In n -o 0 0 r - C 0 C m0 ch o Ca:a . C . . - . N a nCaa r 0 % CnDr

000 m , 0 Nm N - - N - afl D m 0 0 0 N N O C 0 O O. N N N ON N 0 N N m Nn m

.000000000000000000=000 000000000000000000000

Oa -M aaia a i na . ? . -aa na 0 1 % o al M r G, n0C-G O 0 O n- N C C- a nN Na

an~~~~~~~~~ cc .- o O n.0a n0a ,a 0 na a. nO Na nCNa nN-a ,a , a c a nWnN ,o ,.

0 N 0C a 00 ; o; 0 0w a- 0.- 0% o % to ; 0 10 C go a, an ;a N0 o o% an 0 a? C o' -l N0 0.-a C ;~ a, an o aoa ,a 0 0

01 .1 IM I n lm II I i vi II In n w I I I I In m In In In In m o In n o v% o lm o m

'a w %00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000.0c 0 Q0000000a0l0000000m000 a0

00~ m,? 00m al C' Nl N. m NA 0a% In m w- No ND C aICDa a, noNNN a, a N 0o C m o GO aN r- Nl a, ano c an 0%oC NnI n N M N M N N W I 0 ~ , M ~ 0 I I N W M . . W N W O 0 W O W *0~AN 0

w N: N. N: - - N. N-NNN-NN-NNN 7N N N N N N N N N N

~aW N W ~ ~ ~ n n.a . a . ti. N C - - No a~e- 0 m m w %Q 4D~wNN

U~ w g ~ eg ue gg gg gg gw gg gg gwg ~ g wg wc gw ~ w go go 00o ~D c o o c C, o o o o a o o V o c V V V V o o a o V C, V o o a o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o V c o o a o a V o c o o V V Vo

'o 14 'a. 'a Cn 10 n. 10 'a. .. a4 a 'a 0 I n. D4 D4 0 m4 D. 0 n n C) m4 D m4 n4 D D D In D4 D Ca m 00 m 4 .0 n D4 D4 Da m. I. m4 1 n4 C. a4 D m. 1 D4 m

0.-a- c o a o c- an o N a a o N 0 N n 0 Qn? (3 u- u M I N u, c% - an anc ,r n0%a a n o o a, 0% Q-, an an an 3- o- oa -a nr-F ,M

0 0 a, 0 N 0 an 0 0 0 C o N 0 o N0a 0 an a, o o, M o an ) o- N N o o 0 oM C o .o - a, 0 -o No o 0 a, 00 0 o o% o- o o an o N N -ON NNNNNNNEaN ... Na, O taN-ON.L~-NN.-a: t- :F N EF FOOO N. L E'r-EOOOOO1-OE OOOOOOOLE OkOEO :

.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~a 00 0n00 0 0CC0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0o~~~~~~~~~~~ ... 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

III II 1 111 1 11 111 I I lI ~ II ~ l llI I I ll II I I I II1151

-a0 0%o 0 041 a 0 0 -a 0 0 s - Sn 0 s 0% 0% 0 Li o n 0 0 0 0 N 0 0 % s iS0 0% o 0 0% 0 os o o 0 o 0 r- 1% 40 0 - 0% 0- 0s S is N 0 -

00~.4 N- ~ - 0 N N .~ 0 0 N .- 0 0.- N 0. i0 0 0 0.. s-i

o~~ ~ o o o o m w i I I S I I I I S I I I I I S I I I I I I I I I I I I I S S I I i I S I I

oo on .. .. .. oo I woo .o s Li5

ooo ooo ooo is) ooo o, is) oo ol oo is, os os oo is, os o- os os os os os 4-il No o s i s s s )is s s s s

i-i 00000000 0 00 00 00 0 0m m 0o o ~ m w a o) 0o2 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0000 0 0

a. a.aaaaaaa aa a a6 a a. a6 a. a6 a. c aa a a. a a. a. a. a a. a. a a a. a a. a6 a a. a. a6 a6 a a m a a a a a au a6 a a. a.aa% fa -z cc - ac a. 0 . ma a a a a a n - s .=n wi a f a F. 1.. Mn Sn Sn a a Sn xn Sn a a a a a a a a a a 0w(

00 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000O~oo

00000 a 0 0 N 0 o0000 0 & 0o 0 0 o 00 o 0 so s oa 0 o to 1 ;10..)S.0 o' ..- l..;ro' ao' ' ' o ; 0 0E SEE6I 6S6EEE6EEEI

o- - - -o- - -In-- o nInoo ooo-o- - - -S ooo no n o os o o. o .o- -oi o- Sn Sw o w n on o o

In I In II Il In 11 11 1 . II o11 o 11 1 I- In 11 11 III -1 -III III -1 .1 .I I I, I0. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o oooocc0oo000.....000000.s....000 .0 .. 00.00 .0 .. 00.00 .. .. 00.00 .. .. 00

- - -- - - -00-i...-s-s 000 0000-------------0 000 00a. 0000000000000000000 0000000000000000000 000000000000000000aoooooooaoooooo ooooooooooooooo

o ------- ------aa aa 0 0% % %0 0% % %0 0 00 00 0 00 - - - -

a aaaa a a01 a n a a a a0 a a ao a0 a a0 a a a4 a a a0 a an a a a3 aa a a a aD a a aa a aI a a a a0 aa

Mmf -MM - 0m l 11 1 1) Si mm l m 1-11 li li 0im 0 iii-F Mk . 0 0C mi 0 1 m mm0ii a01.

isoloOlO~o ooo OOooloooOO.oo~o.ooO ~OO'OOlOlOlOlOloO IOOOlOlOOooooo~oo~o'oOOO ~oE0 Sn E F Fi Sn Ei 0 r: Fis) 1 I 1 C- L oi E% F- N .00 C. Es N rs En a I- l N - S 0 aF. o n L:0, -F S 00 %0 L E- E Sn N Cs 00EEECe

Sn~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~7 - s .. nN si, N O 0 -l

N n 0 F % nN - 410 n 0-i 0 0.N 00S 0NN 5 0 0a s -aa aS i)0 %0% 0~., S 0 N%016-

CD.-0 -N - - - 0 - - - 0- - N-I NI NI N0-I N-I N0. . 400I n-I NI

o s l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I , I I I l I I I I 1 1 I

.......... .... •. . .....e - .In oo °. . ... . In.............n... ... n........... n n 1 0on In °n .. .. n. . In o ... 0 In ... n In .In ......

°° - 0 °0 -° ° o o°°0 '1, 0 .,Oo ° In 0 . In .. . . . 10 . .1040 0 IN IN °° ° I N10 av 10 In W In 010 IN ° oo 0 In °o 0... In0--------- NIIN-------------INI41 N-I

11II 1I I 1 l11 ll i li lis l ll Illl 1 11l I Ill i i l i i l i l 1 1 11010.4.4W1DA.0 A 10 4 0 0 1 1 1 1 a . a. a a .. WW W W W a 010 0 0 a a

.3 000000 0 000000 000000000 0000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

00oo 0 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

0 0. 0 0 W ° 0 N 0 a 0 0..0 0 o o. en o.. a .0 I In... 0 I 0 a o o 00 .... 0 n .0 0 0. 10°10 ,0. 0. 0 .0 0 1 0 N a0 & 0 e en.. 0 0 0 0.

om

o ~ o on n

14~~~~~~~~ In In. N 0 mn 0- mw In 0.1 mN 0.wNI O . 0 n n 4 N 4 O N . W I O n W N N N~ W N N 4 4 NI n0-

In. 4. . .n4- In n 4W.1 N04W-WI. . . . . . . . . 4 4 . . . . . 4 . .

'Q -a 'a y o A 'a o a a n o 0 n - o n a -.0 a A - - - - - - -a D a -am -a n n -a D .0 - -a

w.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .00 0 .0. 01 L M 0 00.0'A00.0.000000000 0.tA0.0.0 0000000 0 .

0 0000 . 4 00~ O 0 0 0 o0 1-05.0 000000z 0 Z I~0 00

oo (o.a. 0141oo1 0 .. 1 4 4 . 1 4 4 4 44, , , ,1 , , I . . .4.41401.01414.4.41414fI

17

0t

0,V 0 00 0A WI0WI 0 0000 mWIm W0 0WW vt 0v 0W W 0 0 0W, 000 0000 00 W) 0W WII 0~ , 0 0 n 00 ,0 Wl 00

51111 C- ~ l w Lmm i Ini Scl of-LI StA4,- Wlwom- aow w lilt- wl S mm nt1 m ll l Wli DI- WIll

o1 I W W I I Wt Wt o I m Wt W l W, W Sn W, W II t o I I W, WSI W, WI In WI v t I W V, I

w w in -I % i f n 4n w I I i w In in w, in in -h vv wn wn w, in i nnii nin In N I')in N N% In wI a n w A i in a n w n m n w N w N N N N ww

M. o~ c - - L- N N - LA - on -% - -n 0000 - - LA LA -L - LA o 0t . . . .n N ISO nNN AL %NN nN00N n-

g I IIIL l I c 1 1)1 111 i 11 S vl la II til S 1 I 110 1 1Q)II amm II114 0 11115 Qii III li l l lilavat a

0i 00 0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 00 c( 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 00 0 000 0 0 F-WE0 &.. 00 a0 0000xa =0800 0a 0 00

aoo o 0cc co o ooo oooo~oooooooooooooooooooooo<o~ooooooooo a ooooooooo

0 0 ; 0A LA 00 0 0 0 0 N 0 N 0 A in ; N 0' N 0 LA N N on ; 0 0 0' N 00 LA 0n 0s 0' N 0% 0- &A 0-L 0n i- N' LA an LA ;Et in N N 9 Ei 6 I 6 E- N 0 N -I E- N S 0 n El E in 0 Ei e- 0 N 00 E i in N E i E 4 N 000 E N N En En 0E r= N in 0 f 6 E f N E E EEE

" m - In- - : m o " m w ----Iw -m- - - -",- -V -: o-"m- ---D1 - o- " m-W1- -cm ----- -n- -. 4

m 'mcc a o a , I a D -IDIa AID-- - o-- ma VI -a,- a - o I - m - - - 'A a ma- acamaa -al - - - a- - a -a

ViI WWW WI I n I b o WI WI Ink III A Wt1 11 WI1 WV ,W , W I WI 11 11 V I W I n I I W1 I Wt f W WIW

0...0..00 00 .. .. 00.00 .0 .. 0..00 0.0.o 0.oo 0.0 o c oo c 0.0.cca 0.0. 0..00 00 .. 0..00 .0 .. 0..00 .0 .

I,

a n o Wt WA d0 el Mt wA a. C. tUtUC.0 . tUt0U .wU .- U t0c.U L WI. . tU tU U tUmU tUtU t00f t AU t tC.C 'ItI. .

X:--

0% in N v w- wn CI 6%N n rd a) a u QA eN LA LA w% N -) QA 0% -1 CL iL LA % d0 i - i- l % m m (1) v L N1 i n1 111 111 N1 in do InI v W Q N LAV4 0o 1 ai N 'D 'D 'o No in N, N) NI v un j% DA uA N, 00 o v 'o v N) LA No N a- N v0 N 400 - i -0 N a a in .in v N inN1A ,

a0..iin - - - - - - 0 . i - 0 00 0 . i 0 - - o0oo 0 o o 0 0~

M - .N in C4 nA 0 N 00.- N on L 0 N.C 0 0. 4 in Mi L 0 C)n o in. H MA = N 000.-ie Nr in. cc' I-. i N C00. N in = LA 0 N 000c0L~is00000 Nj NA N N N Nn N) N NI NA 00 0 00 0 u% m% u% In v) u 'A0000 0n .- E-.-wiW- -C-

Sit o I SI I oii cI oi all ol t i i oi Sil oi Sah o1 1 oI<)oi o gs ncoA

onNi 0' in o' in - ' in 000 N, N o'~ oA o.- o' N N ' in 0 ' N , N ' 0 0' Na in oi os on N o 0%N 0 o s oA N o N, 0' No' o' N0'0 0 N0n' 0' o'o'0 i0E N N N 40 0- 0 L N 0 N- N - N - k: N. N 0 I- 0 Ci- E N-i. .iO F.~. 1.- 0. 0. 0 i-i 0 0 N 0 E C N. N N N 0 N N N 0 in -F- E

cii iii ii i i ll Si l t i I i I il l i ii S ISi il I I SS il1S

m0 00 0 m0 0o m0 m 0 -- 06 00 0000 000 000 0 0 m 0m0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0

0 * 0 r N .4.40 0- )- n n )0 0N q -NN 0N 0 N* * ) E ) ~ 0 - E 0---------- 0 0

C, 4 0 n N N O 4 N N . O n N N N 4 . N N O 4 0 0 4~ 00.0.-.-E O O

06- - - - - - - - -I - - - - - - - - - - - - -6 6 I I 6 I 6 6 6 6 6 6 I I I 6 I I I 6 I I I

I.E ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O- 00 0 0 0 0 0 00 0000 0 0 0 0 0000000 00000000 o= 0 0 000a000 0 000

.. 0 E n 0 E * 0 E N 0 C 0 - 0 E 0 U ) - 0 E ) - * 0 N 0 0 0 E N N. 0 E - 0 0 En U 0 0 0.4 o n.- -000 .. ' 0 N... 0.-.9 0 0.-IN .- EN.-4N0 00.-E

0 000000 00n000000S000000000000000000no00o0 0000000000 000000?000000

, I 1, ; 10, 1 1I 1 1 6 1 1 1 , I I , . I6I I 1 1I1I1I6I6 16I6I6I6I1I6I

0 0-0 & 0 ' ~~ 0.0, - 0 0-E0 0, 0.-E0..40 00 -- -- - -- -0 0to a10;t01 10 1-- - -- - - 0 .0, ; N , 000 ,;0E 0 E E E 1 161 666 El 6 16 E6 EI E66 EEEEEEEEEEEEeE6 EI E I e I E E66 EEEEE 6 E E1 1

0 10 w 0 0 - m ;O n n n 0 n z -n w 0 -MN m w n a w 0 - "mNNON'a n wO m2 :nNONNNNNNNONNN!! :I.E ~ ~ r 0000 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NO 4040 4T4iT T'* 00 0T OT 000w O0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000. 101000T 0W 00

........ .................. .

00000000a00n0 0 00a0 00 000000000000 0 00000000000000000 a00 n00n

00 r- -m En 0 ) 600 .-E o 4n N En m. - 0 w- N m N N"0E 4*E Cl N0 N m) NE n0 n. N N EnNE r0*0. .*E

O ~ ~ -! En7 .4 En In m4 0! 1 0! En-N0EnE E0 0 En7 .. l 0 nIN0. n 0' 00ETn0 N.E n064N NN 0 n. nNE

----- ---- ------------------------ --------

no IQ. 00.a00000000 000.00 0 o 0 n1000 040 000 a060000 000400000000466 00 001

0 . 0 . 0 0 000 0 0 040 010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0

a v vA 00 0 0'A00 . 0 Ia 'A0 0 01* U.A1*) Iu av. a. 000 X, 0 C..C. C. 00 v . IA .0 a IAI .. I0 .0 00 '0 *0 '. . a C. .

U) n a. a a'aD U)1010 N1010 NI N3 0, n, -0 En, U)n En1 DID,-- -E Nf En3 n, 0 0 En, NI M .0 En En .0 n0 En U n N n n 0 p U) En En En 0U) U) 'aNU)0

0. N. *0 N En U)N . n 0U)0zU 0 0 n 0 En r N a n. 0 0 0000 En N 0 *0 0 0 En 0 . a N 0 En .U) N -C 00444 0 U 0 0 0 0 U t.lU0U.Q0 LM W W0 ( . 4As- 0 00 )0 W 00.0 0 040 000000'A000M0 t . n o0 0 0

.J0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

- .4 01 0*0 N0,00.400cl 1010 En U) *o N 0 . 0 En 0 U) *0 N0 0 0.40 En C0 U0 *01 10 0 00.40 En C0 U0 *0 N. 000..0 0 En 0 0 ) 0 N0 0 0 0L. cr, C C: 1- 12 -. C C 1 NNk U:11 1 1- C. . F : L-C CF C E UC rt! Cr E 1

0 z C

. . E

. . I

. . .FN

U)~1 ** *0** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * C3* ***-00-*** ** **

LO40 O0000( 0 coaco c.4o0000000 00aco~co0 0000 00 o

a~~~~~ao 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000 000000000000 0000010

-- - - - - -- -- ---... -N. -- 4( -- -- -- -- - -- - - - - -

aa ,aa4,aa , a ,a ,a ,m ,a ,a ,aa ,a ,a a ,a ,a , ,a ,a ,aa ,a , v va ,a ,a , ,a ,a ,aa ,a ,a

0 (N -t om o~== 00(N.(N. 4((N((- - - -- a--l0.4.40000000000000000000------1 - -(...i

1 00000 000 00 000 00 000 000 00 000 00 008 00 00000000000 0 000a O oC 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00o000 000000 00

S000000000000000c00000 0 000 00 0? 0000000 0 000 0 0000 000 0000 0000 0000a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o

an ~ ~ W op"04OnO a aten wN n w 0,N n n N N n4... 0. . . 00m 4www Iot (NO o an00 0 an( N.0 N00a--- --- --- --- --- --- --- -- --- --- ------------ --- -

. ll 1 1 1 I II I II II I 1 1I II nI III 4Ilw 1 11 -1 1 W4 4_41 IIIA

0...0000...0000....000....000....000 000....000....0000...0000... .. 0..,

0- -- - - - - - - - - - --C2 m0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 00v0

A) m 'a a 0 n D D D D 1 1 ma a a) mi a a a0 Dm a a a0 a0 a0 a a n a a ala Ai 'Ql i i a a i i i i a0 a0 A a A a0 . a A a0 ao mIn

woo OoooOOoaooao oooooWoo o oo o o oo o o o Ooo WoooO oooooou

'a ~ a a 0 0 -3 (N %.aaa(a.aaa% %4n0 40%0 0 0a0% 0 an a, a, a 0a 0 0 C, a 04(,a a a 0. a, 0w m a a a a 5 a a a a a a a a m a a a s a

a~~~~~~ a, .r a? aaaaa,. . .. a. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .a. . . . . .. .. .ann.ann

aIn

a ,a~--aa n.( aa0 (N~ 'a.. - ,a a n , '.fl.0%a ( , - N0 n(Na aa a ~ ,a-( ( 20 a 0

000000000 0 0 0 0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 00cP0 0 0 0 0 t b 0 0 0 0 0 0c: 0 0 0 0 0 0<20 C,0 00t0 00

iiiM~tM ; e , e mc Ini 0111 i% ii,'I M'A iii lie 1i 191 m Inl iimm1 ^MW9 1 - 9 :2 mm m-CMI

. D 0 D 0 a 10 0,0 J D oA0 A 0 0 0Q 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 000 0M000 0 0 0 00000DD

aiOCoo o o o o o oo o o =O o o o o ooo-LiO A ACN~-0 A N A 7 nn 0 L L 0 A 0i0- 0 CIN00=I O= r0007in

Sno - - - a I LA LA -7 LA In . . 6 70-A A-e 7IN0L 77i A. n-. N - -. . NL nL 7 A0. n0 0 7

CSen.-o ~ C A 40 0 AINCi- N NLAenLA0enen- -IC I I -. 70LA0 ~ i I C e A C 0 0' n N I n - A 0o

00 o00000; 0 0 o0 0o 0 0 oo0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 000 0 00 0 0 o 0 0o;oooo000o'0000o o0000o'0

ciial ce ii cc ", c m i I Il~ I lc i wi mi ai~ wmwww ii cloDoiIN 00I 0CenenI I C- A - N AN NC A 0~enN A C- nC -- 0N--- -- --iC nCN0inN00-i- 0 0 0

0 nI N c- o N I I N N Nm . N :,,mN0 N . . oNN N 0. imNN N N N .- N N N N N- - -o. Nw l,A oIIISI5 5 Ii iiS i i i I5 5S S I 56 c i iiiIiSl i

0'

o~e L e i L L i e e 0 e e e 0 0n 4 n n n- rii~ n nnn L e L .i- --- - en - - - LA - - - LA in In S In :in ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I 'ai IN 0-. IN 000 IN 0 0 ND -~ nn W O 77- nI N7,- n.40- . n 7.i 7 .0 in D. ON N, IN -

III- - -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. i. . . . . . . . . . . .

Ai i.IJ) V)11I'lV1 o /111 . oI- - - -LA.- - - - - -n4Lo4.on-4.4-4IA Ul o-- -. In IA w I-

o wd w t=g,wg c 0g ,C iO I O W O C W O C W O C COwO C ~ d O O

E. IE E EUF -LL -r CF I -- E FII EI EI FI E E E F E rI rz E1 1 1. Cii EI U f- I, -1 I , L t' II0...000...000...000...000...000...0 .000...000...000...000.00.00.00.00.00.00

~2

~ .- -- ----------------- IO 6 10 1 0

01 1 11W1 1 1 11 III MI III M116 "'i mI In Il I 'l W)I 1- WW1-

0 -------- N.4 -- --- --

USU.0a..AlASU0.0 a.0 A 'a 'aSSSSS0.lSSS0SUUUUUtUSSS0S0SUUU.UUUSSS0SSSUUUUUd

ooomooonooo000=000000000ooo~==0000=000=00000000000000000000

616 N "06 0 N W- 6 0 N 0 C> W~ N -- -1 w a N N 0~ W1 ; 0 w1 N 0:! C) 41NNNNN 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.-I~~~~~~~~~~~ 0.I0600.60 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 000 01.-9 S 0-. . .. . .

00000000000 0 000000000 0 0 00 00000 000 0 00 000 00000 0 > 0 0S00 0000 000 0000000o0 0 0000o000000000oo0000000-000 -0 00000000000000000

0 16101 666oil . 0.616116 6011I 6 1 11U,4 1S.4.-6.6 1 10101 'USU 6161 11-U,6 1 1 111Sr66 . 1 1

0 0; 0 ;0 0 0 0 a00000 0 00046000 0 0 0 0 0 a0 0 0 0 400 0 00 0L 00 IUE4EIUIII0 0O 0 0040 ;0

o------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0.-1-1-0 m1.m10.0.0.0"0.00000 0.0..- ..- ..- 1000..000..0.-0.-0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. -0. SO N0 0 0.0

0 0 0 0a,

0 0Z0004)0000 W04,,0000m0m00 00C!"XX0O 0 0 O 00W Z0m0W

M 0610010 M0 N 1. 001 61 10 V1-6100010Wt 0 0100'1 0 l 6.-0 l a, M l l WI In1 N 0U 6 1 l0. a, n l N Vl COI 06.30- - - - .-... - - - .U .- 0.-00.-O OO O OO.0

0 0 0

v .... 0 v 0rc) '0.-v61V1M61V'0V1610U100 4N6u '0 a 10'0 avX)v0 0 '61 v .0 .00 V0 '0 'D D' 'a1 01f0W lca 0o 10 n Jr010 ,Jla,0 1l, 1 01r6 161, 100 0 010, 0'ola Q'J,10 0 aloj' ,Jll, 'IO '10' 0 .0 000D0in 00 0 - - - - - - - -N I '

. o o f o o o oo o f o o o of o o o o o o 000000000000000000

0 6 II I I I T I i a ci I I I c I I I I I .I I -I . -I I 6 I . . . I I I I - ?I I . .I 1

i 0 0 61 ; 0' 0111 a 6 ' '- N' 0' 0' 00 U 01 00 0N 01. 1 N 61 00' 10.- 10 010 0 N 0 00 0 61 0 0 N 00 0 0 00- 01.110

.4.I.- - --I.-6-4N N.IN - 4. mm. M-N4-.N m -. -.4 - --- -------- -

.00.00.....0..0. .0.00...000..000...0....00.000.....0.0..00.220..

0Co, 0 0000o oc O - c~o oa00oaoa <0oa000000 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 a000

0, , r. 0 , 0N0% ?% 0% 0In e.10 Cn en0 00%WnltO

00.INN I- ---- --..I ~ n n ~ nO N N O e N N N4 -- N-.-~ -NN-----------

u 0 0 0 000 0 00 a 0; 0? 0 u 0 0 0000 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 000000000000

W ADr-enIn0 n 'aN 0 D 1 N n n0.C-0 m - Cr 00 A 0 m 0% In 'a D% 1 3 0 0 In 0 W -a4. 0 O - n 0 0 m % J. 0 nI I. I I O N n IaN .)e I I N NNIn nIn n In n nI-N IN W n0In I N -InInenI- I I I4en0In II .4I.I II

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

0 00 N N N 00 N 00 NN N N NN N N NN N N N0000 N.00000. 000000N 0 0NN.NNNNNNNNN

~ 0 0 00 00 00 000 00 00 000 00 000 00 00 000 00 00 00 000 00000

---- ~~~~~~ ------------ - - -== = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

. . . . ..WW .- .. . . . W - - - - - W . . n l- ~ n-~. W W - W W ~ . .

0------------- -- - - - - - - - - - --------

01010010100101001010010100101001010010100101001010 0.0.10101 110101000 0 00000000.1.1 1 1.. 1 0

01

00 0C N OWO 10 W O 10 C0 0O NW o 0 N o 0 a0 'a 0,0 C 000 C 0000 0 0, N, N, 00 C, 0, C 0, N C, N N0NE En En E E% 0% - E E 4. -In , r 0- r- L r. en r . Nl 0' en t- 0 V In 1 0 f; L F In C F N InE C In F n En E In C- C en U.lW N en F. N EFE E n

O~.-.40 -- - - - - - - - - - 000 0000 000 0000 000 0000 002000

0 000000000000- 010 0 0000000,M 0Go 0000000000000M 00 00 00 00 000I00 00

oC CC II oI 4n11 oCI CC C oCII o16 51 1 CCI 1 C oIlolS% o

* C C N U 0%00~ $700$7 - C F-0.4.4 F-N - ) w U r-0%01 C,.4 0 7 , - $ 00% 0 U C N 0tf F U

00.1 - 0 0 4 .4 N .. C lt - 0 0N0-N0 ,0C C0N0NC 0

Os ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ w = r Im~ w % " C II I I CIII I I IIC5 I I IC 5 CI IC4*U)U)U -a)U)U)U)QU).... 2

*.1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - - -- - -00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -----0-00 00 00 0-000 00 0 00 00 0

o - ) ~ -0%0%0 0.4' 0 F 0 0. 0 , $ U F U -N -0--- ----00- -- - -- C0 * NC0%N -00F

sI 5 1 1 I I 151 1 11 1,0115 11C1 ClI II 1 5515o II 11 1 ,1 1 1 1 151 1 11 I '

OC-I.4 ... .4 ... 0.. 00 00 0 00 0 N N .l4 4 N 4 C 4. 0 4 4 C N -C.0.

0. 00 0 0 00000 0 00 0 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000 000 0 00000o 000 0 0 000

C 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 000 00 0 00 0 00000000.00000000000000 000000 0o o o c o0 00 00(D0

00000000000000000000000000000000000ool o0000000000000000000000000o',O,

S 0 0 a, 0 a, 0% a, 0 % w 0% m Ch m w w 0 w w w m 0, m 0 w w w w w 0 w w w w

U000 000 w'0 000'w0w 0 0w q00 '000 0000 0 00 00000 0000 0'00 00'u

D. 1 .010 aII 10 1n I DI 'a nII nI n' Ja i 10 MI I ,1 11' I' I 1. I D I m 1 iniDI D1 .1 1 1 n lm 10 1, I D I i 10 10 1 1 in 1,10 .0 11,n1,1II0 jl I

0 C0 N 0 0 Na 0 N 0 C0 0" o C3 n0 NC0 ) 0N0 0 00 0 C00 C, a 0 U) o) n, 0 C) 0% 0 N C, 0 0 C 000 F- - C, 0 0 U) C 0 C, U) 0) U) C C F- F -C ,0 0 0 0NN N 0

o........0..... 00000 0 0 0 0 000 0 00a0 a0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 000 0 0u e 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000E E C:E E rzE r E E E

0000 0000 000 0000 0000 000 0000 000 0000 0000 000 0000 000

.0.0t i 0 t tt. t t tutUnt . o 00. U t t.0U A.00 0...000..000...00 .00...0001.In01..000..

C~~~~~~~~~~~~ C CCTC C T C1 T T CIii~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ li wl it o i t t l t it t l t tt i i t i ~ l ~ 1111

QO-o --- en CN CC en7e.0t N C O C 0C0 o .- II",

C~0NNoea-5.-W Nl C000 NN00NNI!!N mI 0 0N o00 0N...0all ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 7 7: i i l I II IIS i i I l I l I i I III t III III I i I I * i I I

--- -- - - -- - - - N-N---N

aS I I I Ia I m I 1 i 1 a. I 6 A l I a. 1 16aIc.IA I I I I m I L I 1 .1 I I 1 c6 i m I .I I .I I i S I SI I 1 1 S6 1 1

H 000 0 0 0 c 0 0 000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 a 0 0a a f-f0H0 F.a000 0 H 0 0 00 0 w

~ 00 000 000 000 000 000 000 0000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000

C CC CC CC CCC CCC CCC CC CC CC CCC CCC CCC CC CCgooCC

OrC C0 .0 CC CN10C N0 ni. NC ~ e e CC o NC CCC CC CC NC n C0 NCC CCCo e n.> .o 00 en 00 N N ne o nN0e N .in e O .I..e n0e n~we -O nC.

c>- o o8 o o ooIo4- - - - -- aa- o o o o oo oo o oo o o

I. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I II I I I I I II .I t I0.0.0.0. .0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 00.0..0.00.0..0.00.0. 0.0..0.0..0.00.0..0.00.0..0.00.0.00.0..0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

moo- a

01 C '. C Na CCCNN0 to C ' C 3 C to o NC To 0 u v to C5 0 No C N3 0D Vo N 'a VC Nc Co v tD No v No Cvuo0CC0*,C~e~t~e CC enC O.~r N. .r 0.4..,.r- mmnCC ImCC C nC N. enC 0emn m.0 en W

00- C - - - - 0 - - - - - 00002.- -. 22 -0 --0 --000000000:!0--0 --0-00 -00 - !00 !-0200 :w DID0D0 i0i0 0 n0 0 3 0 n0 DI,0 0 0 0 D0 0 0 0 0 n 0 D0 0 0 0 ID) DD0 DID,0 l 0 oin0 0 D,0A0 0 i0 0 ID0 0o0Din,0l0t0130a0 0i,0a0 Dinmini 0i0i 0 000D0

0000 000 000 0000 000 000 000 0000 000 000 0000 000 000 000lim c6 mt ml m.l n.11 it6 Mi Mi l i t 1 1 1 1 1 I I i I l I l i

0000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000oaooo

E C C C- C C C C C; C C C C C- C' C C: C C C C C: C C C: C C: C C C. C C: C C C C C C C C CE C C: C C: C C C- C C C- C C C C C- C C- C: C

lilt~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 5i i t l i , a l i i I i i i i l i i i 1 1 i a l I ,

---- ------------- ----- -000-0-00 -000 -- 0 -000 00 -00 000 -

.0 0 0 0 a0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w0 000a 0 00 0 0 40 00 0 00 000 0 0 0 0 00 00 0 000 0

'n u N I In o u 0% 0 w1 L. Cn w 10 W, I C% w In 0 E 0 Nnn0I1 CN 0 In = In (% 10 u0 In f 0 0% 0 10 C In n 0 In u u I 0 U = 0

In N1n0 IN InC. 0I aNN-I 0. I I~ an n ININ0% "0w a VnIN090

00 002000000000000 a000000 C0a00cc00 00 0000000000 000 0000 0 0000 0000 0as a sa ss aa taaa a a a a 1i 1 1 1 a a a l a Is sai a alI

1000 0000 In In0InOn0n0nn.0In0n0Inn0 0 In1*00Wo' '.0*Ino n1010100J1.fl1010U1 00. 010 000000000

.e0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 01 wl 10 0. 000000000 TT7 77T . 1 W T00TW 1 00

000000000000O00 000 000 000 000000000 000000 000000 000 000 000000000o

0.00 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C w 0 0 0 In0 WIn1InI nIIn0IIn.0. InIInI11010 mn m nI In = 0 % m n w0 In w1 Nl In w0 0 NQ00N

.. . nI n0N O OI nIn 0.0 In In WNO In 0 NW In4W0In0 % In InN .. . .. 0

I~~~~O O O ; InI nnnnn " nIO " ""IanI~~~nnnnnnnnn~~~~~~~~nI nI nI I nI nnn~~~ nI nInI nI nI

.... .0W10W InVIV 1 0 N W M 0 NW T3 vn In V V ~ In v In V1 In N In In In v00.n n

m00 mI 0 1 0 0 d1 O 000 M~. 10 0. i cc 10.0 m. I. . 0C. 1.0 C. 10 O. 0 00.0 f.. .0 01 m. 0. C. =. .0=0. (t0 C.. a . 0 0 0 01x00

00

n- o no a gg~~ 00 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 0 00 0000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000n00000000 000000000 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0

0ala a a a. is . i a a " 0 l l a l .i a I a a a I a a a I a a a a I a a a a aooooo0 0o0;oa0 0oooo 0o ooo . 1ono'o'oo .o ..o ..oooo o'oooooooooooooooooooooooo

- IE- E E CrC- EE - E E rE E C E rr

InN~~nW10W1=0010.-.N~~nW10101=0010...IN~~~nWIn 0 = 0I I n. 1 = 0 0 n N n 0 0 =0 O N n 0 0 = 0 0

10 01 10 0 01 10 0 =1 1= = =1 1= = =1 00 0 00 00 % %0 01 % 10 %0 0 00 00 0 00 Innn~~n1n26nI

mocl IIN . IN . (311 lclt a4 1 1 11 INI IN11 -I -11 -1 1 -I 0 (, N --

.,00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ID a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I= 0o 0 0 C0 0 0 0 0 0 a I= 0 0 0 0

E, I4 n I n IA n 0. IA N N S 0. n. -I A I n 0 - US U USN - AI - n 0-. In N .NI n N - - - ~ ~ ~

-- - ------------ ------ 0 0 N .NN.44-

*4111~~~~~~~ a I v & IVI vl I 1 1 1 I I ~ l I I l I l I l I I 0 I 0 I Oll10 In In an In Do In In In Na No In 'o In vn In "n In0, In In In Io In In In 'o In Io In Io In N nN NI NNN NN NNNNNN

~ 00000000000 0 000 00000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00000000000500100000000000000000000000000000 000 o00 000a 0 0000000 00

000 0 0 000D0000000000 0000000000.000000a,000000000 00000 0000"0a000

o o00 N o 0 o o 00 o tooo o N o In o o In In - 0 0 0 0 09 0 0 a000 N0 ; N0 0 US 0 0-4 . IA N N 10 '9 0 10 10 0 0 00 0 N 01010

InN0 In ~ NN0N ~ nN 0NN InN0 0In 0In n0In 0~ O O~ n o

--- --- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - --- -- --- :-- -- -

0 0 0 00 * Wg WW 0a40'aitII, II T , IW 0*1 .10.70 . 11TT410 411.4. ol Too , o 140* 4 16 0 se. "slw Tego. IW

o-.4- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

I0. MInI 0 I .11 W111I n'I' 1 ,1 - 1,,i 1111 ,,i l , .1111 1 1 .t il fj1 -111 1,I

"'C01O0004 0 00 N N '00100000 000N 001 0000 <3, 1000 010000 N 1000 000N,01 N2001 Icoo 0N00

aIF w~ IA co m 'a, 0I a 40.-m 0 InI nN--N %0N 0 0 10 IA 0. m0 ND N 0 17 N: IA to0 In I N 0 V 0- NM IN

I In INI : 1 1 10aw INmwN a CD111 II m 1 1 IN w a,1 Iw IN In11 11 a, I aI m

IMA to I m In, In Intot IA IAn ,m .rStot IA USMIAI IA IA t I I A S InAt In IA IA I", U UIA r, "M IA, IA IA I IU IAm UIA IfAIAI S I IA IA IA I t IA,

00 00 00 0 00 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 00 0 00 00 00 0 00 00 0

al a"' "o 0 n0I 0 A 00 In 10 N 0 0 .4 'oo 0 0 In ! v 0 IA 0 10v N I ' .1 0 9 0 ' Ia *I o 0 000v 0 10 Na v .. No a N

'90 to 000. N cc 00 0- N In a: N 000 z = 0 mt 3no0o In a 10. 0 0 10 n IA 0 t. N 01 N IA N In o04 04 0 1 N - I-O a x

A to o to o uo o to o to to IA t .to 'A o to o IA IA IA IA in IA IA IA IA IA .IA IA I'AI A I A A to I IA IA $o A IA to IA IA IA t IA IA IA US IA I n 0o I

O~~~In uII II I II w11 1 1 a11 1 1 1 1 0 1 011 0 1 cc 11 1

toIANtoNtoI I o o..t 0 o o otoI I o A00 .4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . AI . A O-.

0.4 4- -- --- -- -- -- 4o1 40 - - - - 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - -

a 00 0000 000 0000 000 0000 000 0000 000 0000 00000000000.O , o o o ;O ;O;O o o'o, ,oo000

~~F 00000000000000 E 000000000000000000000000000000000 EE E E C

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 07~00 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

000 00 0 0 00 0 0000000000000000000o000 000 000 000 000 00 000C000000

.a1 00 00a0 000 a 0oa0 0 00aC5 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 o0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ 0 0 a 0 0 0 00

O~e0~0% .4 .4IC 010 F-10041-i41C-iC 0 m,0..4 0 a, 0 a wt m- 0 N- m N m 10 N In 0 410 m m Nt- .-e41 el N- 0.00- -i ----- * 0 ---- --- 0%-iO-d. .- M2" _ O -- - -- -0---0a, N - - -0 --- N- 0N- 1

0 - -Ni N---l--- -N--re,.N- -- - - . . - - - --- 2-,-42

.- i441.a10 0 o 141100. N9 0 100-40.0 .. 0 0 m " o 44-- -0Q w 0 0 0

Ce00000000000000,30a00 0 0000000 00 00000 0 0000 G000000

a 0 00000000000000000000000000000 0 a0000 00 00 0000000,00000oo 00O 00000000 n~c000000000000000 00 000000 0 0 ?a00o0 00000?

01 - a, - Cd0i 0 N0,NNN0 ,0NN .0a 4 0 0 a, 0' 0.4 a, 0W 0' a, 0 i a, 0 0 0' 00 0 a, 0

0~~~ 0 a 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 00 a 000 0 00 a 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0

0.00. 0 w .00 1-0 1-0 1,0 0.0.D O aa 0 0.0 m.0 0.0 0.0 0...0000....0000....0000....0000. . 0.0 0

W - N 0 10 10 g a * 0 N 0 N 10 00 T00 0 00 0, iT 0. 10 i W T N. 0. 10. 0 0 N. 010 10 010N 0N 0 10N 00a , 1 C 1aNC N 04 0 %.. %0 - 0 4 0 % 00 10 el F - -1 F- 10l t- 10%44 ,w 1 -- C lNN N.

clo 00 000000000000000oo000 0 00 0 0~l 00 42000000000000000000000000 00000 000000000000000000 a,0000N00-004 0000 00000mIn 000000 00000000 0000000

InIn W00 Ia In ea le wk In g g e WOe Ing a rag W, WO W,., , wte t^0 L 1 a ga gag 0 0 , al c ga gl aceW 0 0w , w

WOOOmOOO oO MO MOOO1 a OO mOOO WtOO OOOM O0 Wt M OMOMo Wt o J,13" 0 0 E0 EE e E0 E0"o""7e E2 E 2E E2 B -4 -01 E 1E 1E EE-E

N 1N . i 001 0 041aF-40FF-0NF-0 -10 w1 a, .. i CI a, N Cl 41 . F- 01,- 0..0 0444 F- 00 0o &a,4

=0= 000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0000= - )x MI= C0000000000 0000 00000000 o (

0ain a 4a,0 C>~4a a,4 .404 k3 t)~ 41 ca, 0N aa~44 a 000C00 .4. 0 0 0

. . 4 . . .0 F- a t, 0 i l 4 , 0 0 1 0 1 a, a,1 4 0 - . 0 a % F - . , N le . 0 , N 0 4 1 % F 4 4 - 4 0 1 0 1

a, F 4. 10 a, 41 10a 4 ,1 a 10a % 1 0 41 104 a, 0.40 0411 0 10. 0 1 a, ,.4 a, F- . F- F- . 4 41F-.

ON.4 NONN4NNN4ONN N.!n NO.. . cmON .4 NNN4N .m..mNA.4 N . . .

W I I I a a a a I I a a a I I a i a a I I a I i s I I I I a a a I a a aa8

*g A 0% 0C 1 0 a a W 0 a WP1 M SOw 0 NCP S - -0%CS - 00 N0 0 1 - a, m% a, C A m C nm a, mow a, P1SN0 i i % 1 CC

CO.-SS NNNNN-SS Nw 00 00 a 0 00w0oSN.a 0SN>0S

S 1 P1 1 1 P1 P1 P1 1 P1 P1 (In 1 1 1 1 1 I4 1 1 1 1 1 P 4fl (Al P , 1P 1 101 131 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 101 1 1 P,1 1 1 P1P 1 N 1 P 1 P1 P1 1

5 000 0 &.0 0 0 00k-0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 =a 0 0 0ac 0 0 0 0 m 0 c 0 0 00 00 0 0 0 00 w 0

Sa,0%-0 0 . O OS S .-- SNP 0 0% .40 - - 1P %a Na %-NP %NP 0 C 1 C m% 0. 0P 0 C mN0 NCP ,P0 - - .- lS SNl- - - - - - - - N- - - - - - - - - -

0 0 0 0 00 S 0 0 00 0000 00 SN ; 0 0 ; 00 0N 0 SN 0 GN ; -0 N 0 .- SN-sS NNNN I- - sisisi.S- -

aO~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~ m m mmma m m m i m m m m a a a 0 ii 0 a a

4740o 0 000 a0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 000 0 0

C,

0 - I- t- C I- N e F- F- f%0 CC5 C 0 N f- C 000 0 C- 1- 0 C I- I- 0- N 0- SN 0 C- CM 0 SN 0 c c C 0 0% C 0 c C 0 SN N 0 - 0CC0000000 U P f N 0 P S~0 % 1 % N0 N 0 0 0 00 P N 0 N 40 0 0 ~ N

0 e ag og 0.ow 0a 0 000 01 0 011 01 , 11) n016 010 c01 ,0 01 0 0 011 60 000 0 600 60 0 600 0 00C2E E E E E E Vi C L V i L U ft I: U r E 4: bi f: C E L- 1; t. 1V L L I- F f. UE U CEV E E E E E r- C E E U E E E E E E G r- VV

V44 44 45 44 444 10 44 44 444 44 44 44 444 44 10 44 4 4 4 4 4 4

294

do w- a N cc 0 a -0 0 m 4 40a go cc ~ m w ao a f 0 a 40 ww- i .4 .go 40 w -co Cp ao 40 03 0 w - - 0 40 go wn 0 .a 40 40 40 a3 40 4p~ in a a0

410000 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 011 0 0 0 0 0 V V U .0 0P 00 W 01 0 00 W 00' 0 0 0 0004,0 0 0

0 - Ni - - a aa - a sa oC , na 0 0a-a -a-a n -ina -a. %a-N sN-N -- i nN sa aN- n. -S f cu ~ N. A. an 0. a. cu A.-0 L C -w m N. C6 00 tn 0u Na a. 0, cu aC .- , N6 .0 0N cl 0. 0. 0. 0 00. mn C. 0. 1n i-I C6 N1 i 0

000N.-aa 00-ao 0-anN 0is =an oooooa0ao.in-a- Ninon0%N--oana0%i..riao

a a a a 3 a a a a a a a a a a l a f a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a CI a a a a> a i a a

C'S 00 0 00000000000000000000000c0 00 00000 000000000 0000 000000 00 0 0 0'&0000 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 000000000;00

S000000000000000OO000000 0000000000000000000000,O00000 0 0 0 08 0a a a a a ISaa a a a a a a a a a a a a aE a a a a a a a aE a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a E a a a

U 0 0 0 641 4Wo 1 of* W, 10 W.W, . M 01 41,Cg441 .T1141W 410T1101 41, . 1.0ImT1 1.0 TW T 10041410 41 T T

0.0 .000 .00 0 0.0 0.a 0.0 v .0. rt 00 0.0. 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 00. 0.0 00. 0.0 0.0.0" 0.0. 0.vV 0.0 0.0 .0. v 0.v00. 0.0.0.

D. i D .D n a., a . in 'a '.a .D .'a M n 1 1 in 'I. a...: D. . n a n in ia a . n , 10, a.. a.. , an M i lo Dus ID D A D. n a s a. I Ds a .in a.. a010. 1 0 Mn M, a.., a. s a.. i D. u a. . .0.. . 6 m0 0

a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ws 0 is 00 a0sN0i.N 0 .aa 0 sNt 0 Nw sNa t 0 Na is.NNCti 0 N. N0 Ls i N

-- - - --->~ 0 C, 0l 0 00000000C>00 0 0 00 000.~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 , ' 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 0 0 0

00000000 00000000 0000000 00000000C 000000000 000 000<0000000000c

0' 0 0 a, an 0sa 00 N in an 1) a- a 00 - N a, in as 0- a 0 N a, i 0s a a 0 0. N ; n 0 i i a- a 0 05. N a, 0 in is a a 0 0ce Er aEa.si sa sa -a -a -a -a -a-aaaaaaaaaa0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - -

ana n nS a ninS n nS i nSnS n nS i nini n ni i nini nini n ni i nini n ni i nini n ni i nini n3oi i ni

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. . . ..0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..00 0 0 0 0 0 0. . . . . 0

~ .f Va in n -na . mn .0 o A. o A.. mw .0 Ia .0 A n A n, A a a1 n . 0~ .D A, A A, An a n a n

'0 0 00 0 0 0000. 000 0 0 00 0 000 0 00000 0 0 00 0 0000000000 0

a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ C0- 0 ; or C - N -' 0 -IC0 -N lO--Ir -C C na r I0 0 0 r n I'%C0 1 0 1- 0 10

Inn In InI- In 0 VVVVVVVIIIIIII InIVVIhf.flnn fl.n 0~

000 OCOOOQ0o0oca s' O Q0 lo 0 0 00 oo a0a0a000000o0000 O00oao000c~

0000 000 00 00 0 0 00 0 0 0m0 0 000 0 0 0

------------ -----------

InN------C-N- - - -- ---

w nl' 00 10 0 DI 0 n.0 1'' D111 m.. '' D. ' II.' '01 '. 0 0 . ' n Jin 151'D10' m 5'as 101 I. '.in D M,

.. .itl~ . ... .. I I I Iil 1 111111 1 114 011101 101 111. 0. 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0..C' 0. 0.0 0 , 0. 0 , 0.a0. 0 0.000 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0.0 00 00 0.0 0

E .1 EG L :14E0-0 0LLLEL .fLt 1 .E - L:UFF -Et t -Fi : EL 0Fr :EE

U) Ia al al i~ ii II I 14 5.. la .. I)3U

& 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000 aCC Do 0000000 0C00010o c 00o c 0000 00000000 0 00000 00 .0 000c~c

l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I*. . - ... . . . . . . . . . .t*. °1 N4 1 N N I 1 . N ,, , , a* 4 4, (N 4,7 lf a 4 , , , 7,4,(N(

000 =0 000 Ono 0000 .0 00001. 0 0a0 0 000 00000"(-000t. 01 0 0 0 0 , 0000000000

.. . In (N o. 0 C w 0 . .0 0 C 0 N 0 C . 'A .0 w4.. . .. . 0 0 VI w a.. n 0 V1 u . .0 C 0 0 0 , .. .. .w . 0 w

w (N 0% 0 0% 0 C (40 (N 4,( % N 0 0 0 C 0,4 N4 w0 (N C %04 N - OeIl1. - 40 0 " w( - 40 0404 N (N 0 ", :D w

0 00 0 0 002200 0 0 00 0 0 000.00000000c,0000 00 .000 0000

aII I11l 11 t a ma Illl ( i a a ulag a l a llllllll llll (ala ll lga

.... 0. .oo - --o--o -- 040ooo 4040oo 04ooo 0 ooooo aa . 1 f... . . ...0 0 0

6 1 1 1 I I I l ( i i i I l g i i i ai i I I I I a ai I I I I I0 0 01 11 4, 0,1 0. . ... , 4 , 4, 4, N, , ; 4, 4,4, , 4 4, 0 4 , 0, , 4, 0, ; 0 N1(

10 0000 0000 0000 0000 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 0000 0 00 %a 0. 0a 00 0 000 0 000 M0Aw0wW

I------------------------------ --------

D n i n, min, I DID, Din, n .I iI, D 017 °ininI in 111 , I , D 'a n 'a 4 M Q zi

I32

000 0X. -.0.0 M0.. M0t.-61. 0 n.0 0.0 00D 0. cX 0f- 0.0 .. 00 .. 00 0 0.0. 00 0.0 a.0 0.0. 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0.a0.

. . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . ..61 611 661611611 ..C. 1. .. C. C.61 16 61110 .. 61 16 06 00 1 10 10 1 I 0 16 C. 16 61 1

04 0 N 040 0 0 0 0 0 404 00 0 ;4,.-04 C 0% f 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0000 00 C N N N 404 CC 4 44.l0 04C~ 4( ( ( ( (a 014-- - - - - - - -:J, -0L- :r- - - -COOOO OOUOCOC OOOOEOEOEOO EO E

,. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ X 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0

000 000 00 000 00 000 00 000 00 000 00 000 00 000 00 000 00

EDE 0 0 41 6 n 0 n En CS 4 0 600 tn aEa 0 ;n e, -a 0 w a) a, w CE w C) En EN a, 0 0 Ew 0 0 CE En a) EN - ) a, CE 4) a 0 EN 0 0

E: 00 0 00a v 0000 0 000vv 0 0000 0 0 a 0 0 . 000 0 . 0 u .0 000 0 00 0"0 0 '0 00 'a a 0 0 0 .0000 V 0 00v0 00 .0

0 E EN 0 CE 0 EnA0 EN 0 E'O nE E0 n E6 nF E nn m 'a A 0 D 0 A n n ENEna nn En CE CE A 'Oa n En ED n n n- n n 0 n

EN- - - - -- - -.. EN ENo .. ... .. .. EN-- - -.......

oooooo ooo aooo o oOO OO oOOoO oooOOOaooo ooooaO OooooOoo

IC I S I E S I I I S I I I I I S I I S I S I I I I I I I I I I IS I I I S I I I E I f I I I

~~~ 0 '0 0 000o000o0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000 o 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 0

00 0 0 00 0 000000 CO O' o; 0000000000000 000000000000 00000000000

00 D0 ,E E ,- o . . e. r a EN 0 n a En 9 E E En - , EC 0 E 0 ED f 0 l0 E 6 E ,C E ,-EnE NS) 06 .- o- %o lo w , , NaD m O .E O cyN NEO% aEN OO OE EN N~ E

--- ~~~ o--- - %a--- w m-- - - - -- - - - - - - - - -

04p -w II II IQ) IIw 14, Z -c -11 ma, Iw Iw III j -w -w 4, w I j w I II 4, m w w"Iola" .00..00 0.0a 4.0 0. v 0.3 a.0 v .0 00 0.0 o.0 00 0.V 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 a.0 0.0 a.0 a.0 0.0 v0.0.oa'o

m

E E F CE E E CE EN E E - a, EN t 1- EN L.- En I- EN fEN 0 f- En;0 C E 0 -C -- 00 C f- C f. CE E n E EN En L- Ci 1. HE En L D r- En 6 Enf:E EN - E

- - - - - - - - -- - - - -0 .- 0. .0 - .. ~ 0 00 00 00 0 00 000330 O

, -f -, -n -, -t -r -, -t a- -, -, -, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, -, a, a, -, a, -, a, a, a, a, a,- a ,a ,a ,a ,a a a ,a a ,a

0y 0 - 0- - - - 0 - 0 w0 0 O 0 e 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Il IIIl ll 1 11 1 II aal a al a aa ti al i aaw l a. jawa

0 t0 0ri00%'00 ,' % ia,0r--r- -a00%0 aa. ' a-- 0''ni i t ,N ,N ~0%Nra0 ---N ---------- a a,'0 a

0 ai0 - N0 a--0NN -- - - - -N --i - -- -- -- -- a .0 0 0 -.--- --

C.~~~~w 0

NN-a-a -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- - ---- ------- N

000 000 000 000000000000 0 000000 000000000 0000000 00000a0 000a0> o a ai a ii a iii~ a 0a a a a a a aa i i l a a gi l al a a

S0 00000000 0000000000000000000 2 00000000000000 0 C 0 0000000OO 0 00000

00 N a, 0.- it a, 0 0 0 t a, 0 it 0 0, N , N a, a, 0- a, 0. a, a, a, a, a, - a, ot a,'a a o t N a 0 , o ;0o 0 io C 0 O 0 0 0 N 0

--- -------------------------- ------ - - - - - -

0. II I I II II g T! 4R ? I 1I IR I I I I I I i I III RI IR II I III

~ N a, 0% N - a 0 It X, 7C 0, C-), t 0 1r. a,. N. a, ~ .. 0 0 0 a, X, 0a 0 a, a, 0%' a, a, 0) '0 0% = NMa 0 Nr 0%a taa ,i a N 0t at N i

.. , 0 00000000 000 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000

a a ai a a: a a: a a- a- a a a: aE I- a a; 1- a: a ai a a a a. a: a a a a a a a a a: a a a a a l a E: E a a a E a a a a aEa

References

[1] E.S. Buffa and J.G. Miller. Production Inventory Systems: Planning and Control. RichardIrwin Inc., Homewood 1Il., 1979.

[21 M. Fox. Constraint-Directed Search: A Case Study of Job-Shop Scheduling. PhD thesis, De-partment of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,1983.

[3] M. Fox and S. F. Smith. Isis: A knowledge-based system for factory scheduling. In ExpertSystems, pages 1(1):25-49, July 1984.

[4] Peng-Si Ow. Experiements in knowledge-based scheduling. Technical report, Robotics Institute,Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, April 1986.

[5] S. Smith, P. S. Ow, and et al. Integrating multiple scheduling perspectives to generate detailedproduction plans. In Proceedings of the ULTRATECH Conference, pages 2/123-2/137, LongBeach, California, U.S.A, 1986. Society of Manufacturing Engineers.

[6] V. Srinivasan. A hybrid algorithm for the one machine sequencing problem to minimize totaltardiness. Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 18:317-327, 1971.

35

nfactory fopis experiments - dtic. · pdf filefopis experiments owhay-yu chiang, ... blade...

Documents