Slide 1

NEXT Workers at the Fulton Cotton Company in 1898. A New South and a New Georgia 18771900 Cities and businesses grow throughout the United States. Georgia and the South begin moving from an agricultural to an industrial economy. Slide 2 NEXT A New South and a New Georgia 18771900 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 American Modernization The New South Urban and Rural Worlds of Georgia Slide 3 NEXT Section 1 American Modernization The United States experiences tremendous growth and change in the late 1800s. Slide 4 NEXT Industrialization American Modernization Robber Barons and Monopolies Several factors cause business to grow tremendously in 1870s1880s Many believe the larger the business, the better the company Some companies have monopolycomplete control of a business area -these large companies can charge whatever they want for products Wealthy owners are called robber barons Monopolies develop in several industries SECTION 1 Continued... Slide 5 NEXT SECTION 1 Labor Unions Workers form labor unions to bargain with powerful companies -sometimes strike; employers hire replacement workers or shut down continued Industrialization The Problems of Industrialization Workers often mistreated; some say few get rich while poverty rises Government has laissez-faireleave it alone policy toward business Congress passes Sherman Antitrust Act, 1890, outlawing monopolies Passed due to public outcry; still used today Slide 6 NEXT SECTION 1 Electricity New inventions and methods improve life Thomas Edison finds way to distribute electricity in wide areas -first power plant opens in New York City, 1882 -electricity lights cities, improves transportation Electric streetcars expand cities, allows commuting Modernization Slide 7 NEXT SECTION 1 Rise of Immigration Cities grow rapidly from 18651900 European Immigrantspeople from other countries, pour into U.S. -settle in towns in Northeast, Midwest; few settle in South -set up communities within cities; Little Italy, Greektown Urbanization Suburbs City growth creates problems: poverty, noise, pollution, disease People with money move to suburbsareas outside city limits Slide 8 NEXT The South begins the process of transforming into a modern society. Section 2 The New South Slide 9 NEXT The New South Movement The New South Northerners Invest in New South South focuses on rebuilding after Civil War, 18771910s Leaders want to build a New South by diversifying -expand industries, rely less on cash crops, grow more food crops Northern banks, businesses see opportunity, invest in South New South supporters worry about relying too much on North SECTION 2 Slide 10 NEXT Advocates and Critics The New South in Georgia Henry W. Grady edits Atlanta paper, popularizes term New South Three politicians are major promoters of New South ideas: -John B. Gordon, Joseph Brown, Alfred Colquitt -support economic change, but want whites at top of social order New South opponents want Georgia to stay rural and agricultural SECTION 2 Continued... Slide 11 NEXT The Lost Cause Movement Some do not accept that Old South is gone; belief called Lost Cause Many Confederate veterans, Southerners want nothing to do with North -feel modeling economy after North is unacceptable despite benefits -New Souths connections to North turn them against movement Most opponents eventually see benefit of diversification to economy SECTION 2 continued Advocates and Critics Slide 12 NEXT Southern Business and Industry Cotton Mills New cotton textile mills open in South, 1880s 1920s Jobs attract white farmers, people in Piedmont, some whole families -workers called lintheads because of cotton lint in hair, clothes Housing provided; some mill villages are separate communities Many often look down on mill workers, but know mills good for area SECTION 2 Other Industries Timber, tobacco, steel, coal, oil major Southern industries by 1900 Slide 13 NEXT Southern Agriculture Sharecropping System Remains New South supporters hope small farms will replace plantations -want farmers to grow more food, help South become self-reliant Sharecropping system prevents change -most sharecroppers in debt, rely on cash crops to pay off debt A few planters grow wealthier, workers remain poor SECTION 2 Slide 14 NEXT Other Growth Factors Railroads South rebuilds rails after Civil War40,000 miles of track by 1890 Most Southerners live near a railroad by 1900 SECTION 2 Labor Labor unions unsuccessful in South; some form, but have few members Convict Labor Laws pass allowing landowners to lease convicts for labor Businesses treat convict labor poorly; most African American Often work on chain gangsjoined with chains to prevent escape Image Slide 15 NEXT Southern Cities and Towns Market Towns 15% of Southerners live in urban areas by 1900, up from 7% in 1860 -urban areas have a population of 2,000 or more African Americans, young whites, widows move to find opportunities Market towns appear when an areas economy starts to grow -towns from 5,000-10,000, usually include cotton gin, stores Boosters promote town growth, set ambitious goals for towns SECTION 2 Slide 16 Section 3 Urban and Rural Worlds of Georgia Georgia is changing. Some areas remain rural, while others become more urban. NEXT Slide 17 Georgia Agriculture Urban and Rural Worlds of Georgia Cotton and Other Cash Crops 70% of Georgia farmers grow cotton as their main crop -easiest way to pay debts, many merchants want to be paid in cotton Some grow tobacco, but takes lot of work; corn #2 crop in Georgia SECTION 3 Food Crops Cotton prices fall, too little demand for supply; grow other crops Peaches become successful; Georgia becomes known as Peach State Dairy produced in middle, south Georgia becomes profitable Slide 18 NEXT A Struggle to Survive Farm families work together to survive; women, kids help with chores Most Georgia farmers are sharecroppers, tenant farmers Crop lienslaws giving landowners, merchants rights to tenants crop Some families own small pieces of land, usually grow cotton -most cannot afford fertilizer to enrich soil and make more money Farm owners usually white; blacks mostly tenants, sharecroppers SECTION 3 Life on the Farm Slide 19 NEXT Atlanta Atlanta almost completely destroyed during war -rebuilding by end of 1865; railroads repaired, population growing Becomes state capital,1867; population grows to nearly 155K, 1910 SECTION 3 Georgias Towns and Cities Continued... Savannah Not much war damage, but must rebuild economy Naval supplies join cotton as important exports after war Grows to 55,000 by 1900; becomes worldwide shipping center Image Slide 20 NEXT Macon Central Railroad reopens in 1866, connects Macon, Savannah New businesses open; prosperous city by 1900 -industries include mills, foundries, furniture, wagons, machines New railroad lines bring more business to Macon continued Georgias Towns and Cities SECTION 3 Slide 21 NEXT Georgia Business and Industry SECTION 3 Large and Small Industries Georgia has 15 industries, each with over 500 employees, by 1900 Many smaller industries; some grow to become major companies Dalton area called carpet capital of the world Cotton States Exposition Exposition showcases southern businesses, modern equipment Exposition opens in Atlanta; 800,000 attend over three month period Slide 22 NEXT African Americans in Georgias Cities SECTION 3 Emerging African-American Businessmen African Americans create own neighborhoods as segregation increases 15 percent of Souths African Americans live in cities by 1890s Poor whites slowly take jobs from skilled African- American workers Whites will not work or provide services for blacks African-American businesses open to fill need Continued... Slide 23 NEXT Emerging African-American Businessmen Alonzo P. Herndon creates Atlanta Mutual Insurance Association, 1905 -now largest U.S. African-American-owned stockholder insurance company Black business districts develop; doctors, lawyers open offices Black elite, clubs and fraternal organizations begin to form continued African Americans in Georgias Cities SECTION 3 Image Slide 24 This is the end of the chapter presentation of lecture notes. Click the HOME or EXIT button. Slide 25 BACK Print Slide Show 1. On the File menu, select Print 2. In the pop-up menu, select Microsoft PowerPoint If the dialog box does not include this pop-up, continue to step 4 3. In the Print what box, choose the presentation format you want to print: slides, notes, handouts, or outline 4. Click the Print button to print the PowerPoint presentation Print Text Version 1. Click the Print Text button below; a text file will open in Adobe Acrobat 2. On the File menu, select Print 3. 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