newtons laws of motion -physics
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Newton's Laws of Motion
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IndexIndex
Objectives
Force
Newton’s first law
Inertia
Newton’s second law
Newton’s third law
Evaluation
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ObjectivesObjectives
Understand the ideas of motion and force
Describe Newton's three laws of motion
Understand the idea of inertia
Test Newton's three laws of motion in their class room
Understand the ideas of motion and force
Describe Newton's three laws of motion
Understand the idea of inertia
Test Newton's three laws of motion in their class room
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Force
Push can change the state of the object from one place to another.
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Pull can change the state of the object from one place to other.
Force (contd..)
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Stretch and squeeze can change the state of the state of the object from one place to other.
Force (contd..)
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Force (contd..)
Twist can change the state of the object from one place to other.
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WHEN THERE IS A PULL ...
WHEN THERE IS A PUSH...
WHEN THERE IS A STRETCH...
WHEN THERE IS A SQUEEZE ...
WHEN THERE IS A TWIST...
We experiences some effect called forces.We can’t see forces but we can see the effect of
a force.
Force (contd..)
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The ball remains in its state of rest till an external force is acting on it.
Newton’s first law
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When an external force (push) is acting on a ball (object) at rest it changes its state (moves over the steps ).
Newton’s first law (contd..)
Push the ball
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object in motion tends to stay in motion
Newton’s first law (contd..)
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When external force (Push of the rabbit) acting on the object (ball) which is in motion the object changes its position.
Newton’s first law (contd..)
Push the ball
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From the above observation...
Newton’s first law (contd..)
An object remains in its state of rest if no external force is acting on it.
An object remains in its state of motion
if no external force is acting on it.
An object changes its state of rest or uniform motion if some external force acting on it.
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An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless an external force is acting on it.
The above three statement can be written as a single statement which is the Newton’s first law
In other words
Every body continuous in its state of rest or in uniform motion Unless an external force is acting on it.
Newton’s first law (contd..)
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When the car hits the wall……
The moving car stopped when a force (from the wall) is acting on it.Driver who is moving along with the car could not able to stop himself when the car stopped.Driver has inability to change his position by himself at that instant.
Inertia
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When the truck hits the car……The moving truck stopped when a force (from the car) is acting on it.Ladder which is moving along with the truck could not able to stop itself when the truck stopped.Ladder has inability to change its position by itself at that instant
Inertia (contd..)
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It is the natural tendency of objects to resist changes in their state of motion.
This tendency to resist changes in their state of motion is described as inertia.
This can be said in a single statement
Inability of an object to change its position by itself is called Inertia.
Inertia (contd..)
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Inertia (contd..)
Try the following activity to demonstrate inertia
Why will the coin drop into the glass when a force accelerates the card?
Why does the downward motion and sudden stop of the hammer tighten the hammer head?
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It is too hard
It is very easy
Smaller force is needed to move smaller mass
Larger force is needed to move larger mass
Newton’s second law
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10 n
30 n
Smaller force give smaller acceleration
Larger force give Larger acceleration
Newton’s second law (contd..)
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If a bowling ball and a soccer ball were both dropped at the same time from the roof of a tall building, which would hit the ground with a greater force?
Acceleration due to gravity accelerates downwards all objects at the same rate.Therefore the difference in forces would be caused by the different masses of the
balls.The mass of the bowling ball is greater than the mass of the soccer ball.The bowling ball experience greater force than soccer ball.So, bowling ball hit the ground first.
Newton’s second law (contd..)
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Smaller force (F) is needed to move smaller mass (m)
Larger force (F) is needed to move larger mass (m)
So, Force is directly proportional to mass
F α m
Smaller force (F) give smaller acceleration (a).
Larger force (F) give smaller acceleration (a).
So, Force is directly proportional to acceleration (a).
F α a
Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object).
Newton’s second law states that the net force on an object is proportional to the mass and the acceleration that the object undergoes.
F = ma
Newton’s second law (contd..)
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Look at the flying motion of birds.A bird flies by the use of its wings.The wings of a bird push air downwards. The air reacts by pushing the bird upwards.The direction of the force on the air (downwards) is opposite to the direction of the force on the bird (upwards). These two forces are equal and opposite.
action
reaction
Newton’s third law
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Look at the flying motion of rocket.Hot gases are pushed out from the bottom of the rocket as the rocket is thrust upward. The force of the gases pushing against the surface of the earth is equal and opposite to the force with which the rocket moves upward.These two forces are equal and opposite.
Newton’s third law (contd..)
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Look at the recoil effect of the gun.When we trigger the gun, the gun pushes the bullet forwards and the bullet pushes the gun backwards. The bullet has a greater acceleration due to the fact that it has a smaller mass. (Newton's second law)These two forces are equal and opposite.
actionreaction
Trigger the gun
Newton’s third law (contd..)
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Try it
1. Blow up a balloon. 2. Hold the opening downward and release the balloon. 3. Repeat this several times, and observe what happens. 4. Now describe what happened using Newton's third law of motion.
"For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction."
There fore the action and reaction forces can be represented in a single statement that we called as Newton’s second law.
Newton’s third law (contd..)
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Evaluation
Click true or false 1. Force is the effect of push or pull
2. A ball which is in motion can come to rest without any external force.
3. Working principle of rocket can be explained by using Newton’s second law.
4. Inability of an object to change its position by itself is called Inertia.
5. The below diagram can be explained by Newton’s third law.
True False
True False
True False
True False
True False
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Very Good
Back to the questions
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Try again
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