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Humans blame cats for killing birds, but our buildings are far worse.

(https://bigthink.com/u/derek-beres)DEREK BERES (HTTPS://BIGTHINK.COM/U/DEREK-BERES) 12 March, 2019

Bird-friendly buildings onthe rise

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Nearly a billion birds are killed every year after flying intowindows.The American Bird Conservancy published an extensive guide toincorporating bird-friendly design into buildings.Over twenty cities have programs to help reduce the number ofavian deaths.

Last year, a minor ruckus broke out on social media about feral andindoor-outdoor cats decimating bird populations. According toresearch, cats do murder plenty of prey(https://www.businessinsider.com/cats-kill-billions-of-birds-and-mammals-each-year-2014-12). As apex predators that is their biology,even at twelve pounds. The same is true with humans. We just like topretend it isn't.

Nearly a billion birds are killed every year by another insidiouspredator (https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/stop-blaming-cats-as-many-as-988-million-birds-die-annually-in-window-collisions/2014/02/03/9837fe80-8866-11e3-916e-e01534b1e132_story.html?utm_term=.5eb014186c5a): windows. Thepanes we install to protect us from birds and every other form ofnature, the same windows we stare out of while pecking diatribesagainst cats and everything else, are one of the largest culprits ofavian death every year.

Humans flock to dense urban regions, which in bird chirps are knownas "killing fields." The five most perilous cities(https://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/animals/blogs/chicago-lawmakers-make-case-bird-friendly-buildings) for migrating birds areAtlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, and New York City. Manmadelighting emanating from the perches of skyscrapers confuse anddisorient birds, a siren call into the seas of sky. Birds either fly straightinto windows or circle neighborhoods, their inner GPS thrown off byspirals of light, until they fall from exhaustion.

One out of every eight bird species are now heading towardextinction(https://www.birdlife.org/sites/default/files/attachments/BL_ReportENG_V11_spreads.pdf)Fortunately, architects have taken notice. In fact, the Javits Center—New York City's largest feathered morgue, it turns out—recentlyrenovated it's 760,000 square foot convention hall to become morebird-friendly (https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/how-architects-designing-buildings-birds-mind). The redesign byFXCollaborative serves humans and our feathered friends: not onlydoes it cut down on solar heat, the new glass has reduced birdcollisions by 95 percent.

The American Bird Conservancy (ABC) published an online guide tohelping designers, "Bird-Friendly Building Design(https://abcbirds.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Bird-friendly_Building_Guide_WEB.pdf)." According to this extensivereport, colliding into glass is the single biggest bird killer in the nation—take that, cat haters. Besides aesthetics of sight and sound, birdsplay important ecological roles: they eat insects and control rodentpopulations, essential for preventing crop damage and diseasetransmission. Their role in pollination and seed dispersement iscritical in creating diverse and healthy ecosystems.

The report then offers a deep deep dive into problems and solutions,covering three major areas. Below is a summation of the ideasproposed within.

Tourists lie on the glass skywalk on the 78th floor of the King Power

Mahanakhon skyscraper, Bangkok's highest observation deck, during a

polluted day in the city on January 28, 2019. (Photo by Romeo Gacad / AFP /

Getty Images)

Glass

Just as humans are shocked when other humans don't understandtheir point of view, we often assume other animals see what we do,which they don't. Many people have unknowingly walked into glass;much worse for birds. Likewise, angles. The world is not designedwith ninety-degree angles; our world is. Birds travel much differently.To make our environment more aesthetically pleasing, we've setbooby traps everywhere.

Glass is predominantly invisible to humans. We're clued in to itsexistence thanks to archways and doors. Most building glass reflectsthe sky; from a bird's perspective, they're simply continuing their

" # $ % &

journey. Birds also see the UV spectrum, which humans do not,

making reflections from glass particularly dangerous.

Beyond buildings, windowed courtyards and open-topped atria posetheir own challenges for birds, which come for the vegetation andbecome stuck searching for an exit ramp.

From the report, the following are ways to build with glass thatreduce bird deaths:

2x4 Rule. Birds rarely fly through horizontal spaces less than twoinches high or vertical spaces less than four inches wide.Keeping this rule in mind creates many opportunities for bird-friendly designs.Recessed windows reduce visible glass.Decorative grilles offer residents and workers privacy whilekeeping birds away. Cheaper options include screens andnetting.Balconies and balustrades offer residents outdoor space whilecreating safer flight paths.UV patterned glass and angled glass reduce collisions whileoffering architectural eye candy to human observers. Patternedglass serves as a warning signal to birds, while opaque, etched,stained, and frosted glass all keep our feathered friends at bay.While not ideal, light colored shades and blinds both deterbirds from impact, while window films and decals canminimize flight risk.

Lighting

As mentioned, birds see the UV spectrum, creating unique problemsthat we're completely ignorant of as a species. Add to this theproblem of artificial lights damaging human eyes—blue light is oneof the most pervasive in the smartphone age. While we've becomeaccustomed to most artificial lighting, it tends to disorient otherspecies.

" # $ % &

For example, migrating birds are thrown off when flying lower thannormal during inclement weather. Water vapor and fog refracts light,further confusing their trajectories. Like moths circling bug zappers,birds are drawn to illumination.

A few ways to manage this problem:

Reducing exterior light and site lighting cuts down on eveningmortalities.Lights Out programs are in effect across North America,including areas of San Francisco, Portland, Houston, Denver, andToronto. Chicago was first on board in 1995; there are currentlyover twenty programs.Installing automatic lighting controls instead of relying onemployee adherence reduces energy costs and saves avian lives.Cut-off shields allow for the usage of lower-powered bulbs andoffer novel design aesthetics.

Legislation

Finally, ABC is helping create laws to save the lives of birds. Aproposed law in Illinois calls for any building built or altered by theGeneral Services Administration to include bird-friendly designelements, while states like Minnesota and cities like San Franciscohave mandated such design choices be used in specific types ofbuildings. These won't save every avian life, but we have to startsomewhere.

--

Stay in touch with Derek on Twitter(http://www.twitter.com/derekberes) and Facebook(https://www.facebook.com/DerekBeresdotcom).

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