news 9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co ast/...
TRANSCRIPT
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News
• http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_coast/
• http://www.boston.com/news/world/latinamerica/articles/2009/11/09/floods_mudslides_kill_124_in_el_salvador/
• http://www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2009/11/09/green_blog_dartmouth_students_concoct_way_to_keep_natural_arsenic_out_of_drinking_water/
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Air Pollution
Source: Zakysant, German Wikipedia
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The Atmosphere
75% of Mass below17 km
Source: www.aerospaceweb.org
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Thermal Inversions
Source: US Department of Natural Resources
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Inversion
Photo by: Kreuzschnabel
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What does air pollution do?
• Damage materials
• Damage plants and animals
• Human health
• Cause acid rain
• Decrease visibility
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Stress to Plants
Image courtesy of APPA
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Human Health
Source: Wikipedia
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Lungs
Photo Credit: ``The ABC´s of Smoking" by Michael F. Russo, Published by W.R. Spence, MD, Div of WRS Group, Waco, Tx
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Index Card
• What are the major air pollutants?
• Where do they come from?
• How do we reduce them?
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Air Pollutants
Major Classes of Air Pollutants
Class Examples
Carbon Oxides Carbon Monoxide, carbon dioxide
Sulfur Oxides Sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide
Nitrogen oxides Nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide (NOx)
Volatile organic compounds Methane, propane, benzene, chlorofluorocarbons
Suspended particles Solid particles (dust, soot, etc.), liquid droplets (sulfuric acid, PCBs, dioxins, pesticides)
Photochemical oxidants Ozone, peroxyacyl nitrates, hydrogen peroxide
Radioactive substances Radon-222, iodine-131, strontium-90, plutonium-239
Toxic compounds Trace amounts of at least 600 toxic substances (many of them volatile organic compounds), 60 of them known to cause cancer in test animals
Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare
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Mobile Sources
Image courtesy of United States Environmental Protection Agency
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Stationary Sources
Image courtesy of United States Federal Government
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Pathways
Image courtesy of United States Environmental Protection Agency
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Acid Deposition
Image courtesy of www.hitchcockwoods.org
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pH
Water 7Lemon Juice 2
Windex 11Rain 5.5
Seawater 8Coke 2.5
Acid Fog 2Image courtesy of United States Environmental Protection Agency
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Nitrogen Oxides
Stationary Fuel Combustion
47%
Solid Waste & Miscellaneous
1%
Transportation48%
Industrial Processes4%
Sources of NOx Emissions United States (1987)
Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare
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Sulfur Oxides
Sationary Fuel Combustion
81%
Transportation4%
Industrial Processes
15%
Sources of Sox EmissionsUnited States (1987)
Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare
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Photochemical Smog
• Needs VOC (hydrocarbons)
• Needs NOx
• Needs sunlight
• Produces NO2 (brown), O3 (ozone)
• Ozone damages plants (5-10% reduction in food production)
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Hydrocarbons
Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare
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Particles
Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare
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Trends
Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare
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Reductions in Mobile Sources
• Catalytic converters
• Annual Stickers
• Unleaded gasoline
• Cleaner burning engines
• Better gas mileage
• Fewer Miles driven
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Indoor Air Pollution
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Radon
Image courtesy of Natural Resources Canada
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Stratospheric Vs. Tropospheric Ozone
Image courtesy of www.aeronomy.be