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News http://www.boston.com/news/nation/ar ticles/2009/11/09/hurricane_ida_take s_aim_at_us_gulf_coast/ • http://www.boston.com/news/world/ latinamerica/articles/2009/11/09/ floods_mudslides_kill_124_in_el_salv ador/ • http://www.boston.com/news/science/ articles/2009/11/09/ green_blog_dartmouth_students_concoc t_way_to_keep_natural_arsenic_out_of _drinking_water/

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Page 1: News  9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co ast/ 9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co

News

• http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2009/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_coast/

• http://www.boston.com/news/world/latinamerica/articles/2009/11/09/floods_mudslides_kill_124_in_el_salvador/

• http://www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2009/11/09/green_blog_dartmouth_students_concoct_way_to_keep_natural_arsenic_out_of_drinking_water/

Page 2: News  9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co ast/ 9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co

Air Pollution

Source: Zakysant, German Wikipedia

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The Atmosphere

75% of Mass below17 km

Source: www.aerospaceweb.org

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Thermal Inversions

Source: US Department of Natural Resources

Page 5: News  9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co ast/ 9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co

Inversion

Photo by: Kreuzschnabel

Page 6: News  9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co ast/ 9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co

What does air pollution do?

• Damage materials

• Damage plants and animals

• Human health

• Cause acid rain

• Decrease visibility

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Stress to Plants

Image courtesy of APPA

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Human Health

Source: Wikipedia

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Lungs

Photo Credit: ``The ABC´s of Smoking" by Michael F. Russo, Published by W.R. Spence, MD, Div of WRS Group, Waco, Tx

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Index Card

• What are the major air pollutants?

• Where do they come from?

• How do we reduce them?

Page 11: News  9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co ast/ 9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co

Air Pollutants

Major Classes of Air Pollutants

Class Examples

Carbon Oxides Carbon Monoxide, carbon dioxide

Sulfur Oxides Sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide

Nitrogen oxides Nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide (NOx)

Volatile organic compounds Methane, propane, benzene, chlorofluorocarbons

Suspended particles Solid particles (dust, soot, etc.), liquid droplets (sulfuric acid, PCBs, dioxins, pesticides)

Photochemical oxidants Ozone, peroxyacyl nitrates, hydrogen peroxide

Radioactive substances Radon-222, iodine-131, strontium-90, plutonium-239

Toxic compounds Trace amounts of at least 600 toxic substances (many of them volatile organic compounds), 60 of them known to cause cancer in test animals

Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare

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Mobile Sources

Image courtesy of United States Environmental Protection Agency

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Stationary Sources

Image courtesy of United States Federal Government

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Pathways

Image courtesy of United States Environmental Protection Agency

Page 15: News  9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co ast/ 9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co

Acid Deposition

Image courtesy of www.hitchcockwoods.org

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pH

Water 7Lemon Juice 2

Windex 11Rain 5.5

Seawater 8Coke 2.5

Acid Fog 2Image courtesy of United States Environmental Protection Agency

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Nitrogen Oxides

Stationary Fuel Combustion

47%

Solid Waste & Miscellaneous

1%

Transportation48%

Industrial Processes4%

Sources of NOx Emissions United States (1987)

Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare

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Sulfur Oxides

Sationary Fuel Combustion

81%

Transportation4%

Industrial Processes

15%

Sources of Sox EmissionsUnited States (1987)

Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare

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Photochemical Smog

• Needs VOC (hydrocarbons)

• Needs NOx

• Needs sunlight

• Produces NO2 (brown), O3 (ozone)

• Ozone damages plants (5-10% reduction in food production)

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Hydrocarbons

Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare

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Particles

Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare

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Trends

Figure by UMB OpenCourseWare

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Reductions in Mobile Sources

• Catalytic converters

• Annual Stickers

• Unleaded gasoline

• Cleaner burning engines

• Better gas mileage

• Fewer Miles driven

Page 24: News  9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co ast/ 9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co

Indoor Air Pollution

Page 25: News  9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co ast/ 9/11/09/hurricane_ida_takes_aim_at_us_gulf_co

Radon

Image courtesy of Natural Resources Canada

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Stratospheric Vs. Tropospheric Ozone

Image courtesy of www.aeronomy.be